OF THE FIRST BOOK - 3 net , and signs of the Zodiac , and cclcfti bodies , and Icuarc , and ftclle sunset , and similarly of these- The Machina, the Poles, and Arctic Circles, & Antarctic, & the Equinottial, & the Meridians, & the Climates of Mon- do j and with the practice the a then many ofTeriiationi of those colas, for mezo of the material Sphere , and de sii Aftrolabij , and other phthalates , and the diTegnano Solar Horologists in various forms , & other fimidianti cofe,comehabbiamodaVicruuio. _ ^ ™°- It is FINALLY the Muiìca Theoricak will trust the order , and concordance , & harmony of "P-4- The motions of the celestial Spheres, and those of pure clemency the natural confined in my intellect and in the ra- In the jungle of the composers, and in the yen of the going, because of the voices of the Immanity, and by the half of the trickery It is the fourfold of Mathematics. 10 E PASSANDO più oltre difie Plato : Hes omnesqu^fiunt , qM£fHtHrx:,qu.<:jJacl.ep(nt, velna- de le^ib: tura, vcl luck.l cl cl art proud : laonde beginning at the arrivals Mecanichc, ò current, which make that- ^^^- ^9^'- k, who artiiìciofamentcvfano the ingenuity, eparimente the hands for fu- machine, and ftromenti mcraui-'^°'*^''"' the human believer: it is with the elternal motion, it is internal, it is fc mouente: onde elle verfano intor- No to the elenarc , and to carry pefi , and to conduct waters by reason of motions , and caufar fuoni for mezo of the air vio- slow , and torments , and war machines , as did the ancients the mobile towers , oil Arietes the Ca- tapulte , the Scorpions , and the Balifte , and fmiiii others , reducing the co f e from power to act 5 as habbia- nd by Vitruuio , and by Herone , and Pappo , and many others , who have fcritted them , and therefore they are wtto/^* air Architettura, & à qucftopropofitodifl'e Platone: ^^arc artcm non appello , quxcareat ratione , De Rhc fed perittam . corica . 2 L E A r. T The imitators; k^which, they imitate Nature, and the other Arts, mostly imitate the douc-. roU.m.* intcruicnc the Defense , and the proportioni , and parts , and the correspondence , between which the main ones will do like Painting , and Miniature , eh Scolruracontra the opinion of Pliny, that the appointment Scientia j per- book jó " that /Irre ejl per canptm co^nofiere > O' ^^->" complementtim e fi res fcnfibilis , cr vifibilis . V ero e cho cap. ; . Ars e fi recìa ratio rerum f.uJihdutni . AJtre then I sound like Intaglio alto , and moustache , and with punches , and ^' . ^^'° and those that Liuorano of tarfie , and rimeflì of woods , and Mulaici of marbles , and of glasses , and the Pia- ó-'! &T.' And the feces, and fuckers, and mephias made of various matters, and other things, which imitate the creatures of reason and ethics. * xieuoli , heanimals , and the plants , & the falTi , and the buildings , and many other coffes , that make , and poffer effer in This globe earthlyflrc ; equals because they do not hold because of ddk caufe , nor do they have terms, nor pre You are certain, and finished: in fact, for the most part volunteers; and as you wish, therefore, it is not the Father who is not 3 Or he may infect his son with much ease, and one brother with another . The operating limbs, òfabrili j Iequali paw from fatigue to induftria, and then practice to efpe- and diligence, and macphthria, and pcritia, and from that to Art: they are all those, which beat, and for- They cook with hammers, and with other phthalms, in hard materials; and therefore they are forbidden in the days of the end. as the Lcgnaiolo in wood: the Lapicida, and Muratore in hard stones, viue, and death; &il Fabro more of all the metals and metals, from which they were called manufacturers, and many others, which we do not mention, to make coji_, their hands, which will be the perfect place for the construction of the buildings, as Vitruuio also wants, and ih Cicero à quefto propofito diffe: Naturacnim dcdithommi ma/ius mtdtarumartmm mint(ìras ■ & cap.z. Aiiftofane saying: ^^id tandem non cffìciant manus"-: dimoftrò,that is not cofa anyjchc with the Art and with induftria, you don't lead them to... 40 And therefore Plato called them Tectonics, that is to say, the ones that hurt the fibrils: waves that introduce the effect. not the form in the form of the operativity and the matter: the other one which they do, or do, or do not do, or do, or do not do. no cofa : then there are the others, who cut the wood, and prepare the bricks, the kicks, and the kicks. 450? No stone, nor mountain, but metal, and other similar things, which would go a long way to tell them. The practical arts , which some call Mecanichc , from fatigue , which make the body , fo- not as Plato's attitude, those who have no firmness, and no ftability; like Agriculture ila_. Defumo Lanificio, la Venatione, ò Cacciagione i la Gimnaftica, laMedicina praticai la Nauigatoria, ela^°" °- Militia . - Woods in true phono beyond the necelfaries of human life: so to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see, and to see. ^ m efercitio, and fanity of the body; as for augurxientodcftb: lafciando by the illiberal Art, vifi, and fordide; but because it is not the intent of the other, it would be difficult to proportion it to the homerians of the other tractor. 5 or so of all the Scientists, but of all the Arts in particular; therefore we have only a few cases: akin to fcoprirc fuck what kind of Scientia (tia l'Architettura , & altrefi those Arts of which she fi can hurt for coftrueic , & adorn lefabrics : & in foma for easier haucr adito, & open à those coffers, which we have to deal with in this work. Laonde ienzasomeone of us who is doubtful, one of us who is viuaniente,deehauere great/fimo obli^oa quelli Mainly, that we have generoiri; that the facrificijichc ordered the laws; and then that have built the Cities, and so many kinds of buildings; so in Publico, as I priuato , with so much magnificence. The cfinalmentc are also convenient for those who are indifferent, from time to time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time, to the time. --'-'-" A 2 te'Scien- 4 PROEMIUM- book 1. te Scientie , and so many bclk Arts ( how to tell her (Xnntilian ) cllcndo , that the first ones gave the eflere à gli huo- ^i''*'' mini , 6c the vcneratione mansion Macltd of God, oc the offeruare lequica, and the julUtia : and the others have vip- Brought the f jure for us, and for the children, i3c the comfort of the habitarc, and in this way the virtuous viure- ùmentcefuorid'otio. Qv INDI is, that many high ancient, & even modern ingenuity worthy of many, phono da- to the Hypeculatione , & airoHeruatione, for ntrouarc the certainty of many cofe ; akin to lafciar memo- and therefore dilute Homero: Imo facinus mftgne peregit , Jpfuetiamquod poJ}eruas exaudiat , But we out of quefta_* intcntione, and of such a name, yes there we are tired XL V. annicontinoui, and with the study, and with the pen- Epift. na in hand, and with peregrinations; with that fentcnza of Cicero Ubero le^onthUmcundius: and with I yep. the ofleruanza dv.'IIe cole made by the Ancients, and the Modern: and finally with the relays cole important m qucltaprofeffione, ne the hauer made us so founded in pubhco,asinpriuato Many kinds of buildings, and with that saying of the Greeks : femper fuperions meliora years : (^rnoStej^diefj^, & Geor. ♦*"C0 come dille Virgilio : Exenitatio potefi omnia : and all in order not to rust that talent, which pleased the Macbeth of God the Lord of gratitude to give us j Because as Homero says : Odifsea. ^lortalis diitum auxHtnm de fiderai ornms , E più toflo viario à beneficio de' Ifudiofi dell' età noftra, & all the others too, who will come after us. And therefore in the fpacio of XX V. years habbiamopoftoinfiemcX, books, to reduce the body in tiero, & in all Your parts task, and perfect titled the Idea of Architecture^approving that Odjfiea. saying of Homero : Aeiateprudentiores reddimur : and likewise when he dilfe : 2". Tarda , crfera nimis , Jed fame^Q^ perennial laude ■ In the First of which we deal with excellence , and parts of clTa, and what belongs to the excellent Architects: In the Second of the Regions, and Paefi, and quality of the Sites , and forms of the Cities , and Fortresses ; In the Third of the buildings deprived for convenience , and for deliiie : In the Fourth of all kinds of public buildings : And in the Fifth of the sacred buildings, and fimiglian- ti . Then in the Sefto of all Orders, & Ornaments ; In the Seventh of Building Subjects : In the Ot- indoors, &eleuare in covered elves buildings); In the Nonode'lorofinimenti: And in the Tenth, & he reforms, and reftauration of the buildings, and the reclamation of the Paephians: and it pleases the Majesty of God, That with truth fi poffi say: Daedals opera^ of: THE IDEA of the architect will ■... V I V E R S A L E D I ■VINCENZO SCA HUBS ARCHITECT FROM VENETO. PART ONE, BOOK ONE - WHAT IS IT <^RCH IT ETTVR. c. ic 8. dem opus , h.icantem àoclnna : & altrouc . Ita cunclasjcientats dtuidem agentm,aUcram cognofcentcm ...of the realm of the kingdom... "; "oi^q nomination,- which also confirms Vitruuio. Ex hts autctn says he i^num proprium effe Jiliro I. * eorum , qui fmgulis rebus funt exoxitati , ideji operis effècfus : alterum commune cum omnibus doctis, id cip. I. ejl ratiocinatto : and Galeno attefta , that all the ScicntiCje all the Arts have two parts : i.e. the Me- Thm thodo,el'enrercitio. '"""^' The wave of Vitruvius, Plato's, Arifl:otcle, Gemino's, Pappino's, and Pappo'ai- tri many, that we do not adopt, fi sees, that Architecture uninhibitedly, andScicntiafpeculatiua, And precocious in doctrines, and in eruditions, and so noble, and fake inueftigating the caufe , and the reasons for the relevant cofc à her. And why, out of all those dimpled and fegnomaniffacto cojones, which... Y) and ella fi.i fcientia (as Plato says) for laqual cola j since she has the fucdimoftrations -, certain,& indu- tia.f;n5, bitabiii jpcrciòfi poironoinfegnare,edimofi:rare as it is coftumc of Mathematics,efimilialtre,i j.Meuf. what are all the signs of the fapere > as Ariftotele says. Edimoltrail well , & vtilmentc&ornata- procm. ffjgnj-g build , and conofcere , & understand from beginning to end those coffes , which efìa pretends femprc^ of wanting to make efequire in action the steel that (as fi diffe) easily poifino effer understood by the fenfo^ , & Even say it right, and for more intelligence than the macphers. Moreover with that foprana intelligence goes ellainueftigating, eritrouanolemarauigliofein- uctions, and forms of all kinds of buildings: so Publici , as priuati , and proportionando ciafcuna Of their parts, and defending the materials, & adapting all coffers fruitful, cheficonuiene, eri- hbro I. ^^''C'i il bifogno : align them so the intimate body, as the parts of elves buildings poinno,conve wants Vitru- a^. I am wounding the perpetuity, & the comfort, & the beauty; waves (x see, that she holds of Philosophy.* hi-ro I. jy/foi-aie. In a way (comedille l'Alberti,) that wanting then to reduce in action, what chenellldea, s'ha lap. 1 . j'^jj-iiitetto formed , the hands , & the hands of the makers are the Architect's hands: then-" Cheegh does not operate any cofa, so not for mezo them. AND BECAUSE she is an absolute dependant on all those bonnets, not on power: oue- roin particular: as ècoftume of the Arts, which they mean because of the In vniuerfical caufe,& in particular,& in action; & eflendoche the first way of Mathcmatics,& and Of the natural is,vn femplice to mean with gau (the soul of the Knower's soul, therefore, the opening in the wise the redur ancolecofcin act because of the securities, and the reasons, undoubtedly comes to ef- fer vn sure, & effective, and more l;ipere, with great/fima jocundity, and not little vility. Concludafi jo Therefore, that Architecture between the Moral, and Natural, and Mathematical, Scientific, and Scientific and Natural Sciences, and Prin- cipaliifima ; verfando in all the Hypeculationi , and fcientie foddette ; hauendo for main object , the in order to find the inuentioni, and to give order to all the colas; and then the Artists to lead the work in order to de- trusty . And yes as of fopra; so in many other places doue will require the bifogno i for more giu- flificatione of the truth, we will plead with the Latin authorities: akin to the perfect learned lipophile recognize - And to do them in their own places, and to make faith in them many, who would not find them, and so I would find them, and the others they will come to understand the true fenfo of the authors, and likewise to accrue the truth. The archi- Part One, Lib. First, Cap. II. 7 - Uarchitettvra fi can confide in two ways; that is, as for the excellence, and purity of the Science,c as for the line, and completion of the work: in that guifaàpunto (as the Sauio^ says) that ^- ^'^* fi do all the sciences,c all the liberal arts; that is,for theoric,and for practice. Because, fi ^°° ^* but the Philosopher will trust the bodies in their nature, femplicemente , because of the caufe , & in aftratto , efence any matter together with elves; with the practical Fifico will trust them organizati, and with their y.metaf. parts, and limbs, and as fanatical; and therefore it is not fcientific. Laonde, while the Architect fpecula '^°"' ^° in Thy Idea , and in Thy intellect , and defend the caufe of all forms , and parts of any building, eie caufe materials, &eflìcienti,&their purposes, (which are the first neirintentione)so now he is purOi.Fific.i. science fiction. But when you build them, they trust you, and how much you trust them, and how much you trust them, and how much you trust them. the structure, & the creators] of the maeftri; and as corpoartificates, &habitabiIi, (which make the ends, for which elves are made) allhora , because cotai cofe shape to the fcnfo i therefore the judgment of the effer del- The Artc, and not the intellect, & the purity of science; whereupon Plato defends. Hoc, 'vtarbitror , adiudicempertmet , not adfmem come -, and what foggiunge. So adunque , na- fce, that all Healthy people concordantly hold the Architecture efier fcienza preftantilfima, &i practical they then called it Art. Which opinion, and largely reprobated by Vitruuio saying : Operum "^'■° '- true ingrefus, ijui manu ac traBationibus adeleganttam f>erducuntur , (which make the Chiefs Maftri) ipforum "' funt ^^^ here own vna art adfaciendumfunt infiituti . QJT < ìA N r E EGV^ALl SI^NO LE P^RTI ° delC e fenza menda di tuito'l corpo : & vna aneifione , e proportione delle parti conuencuoh ànit- 1 building ; from time to time , which makes it , it is not comfortable for the vfo ; but it still concernsuolc , and bel- I'll see you. And at last, the decorum, too, is about the purpose of the building; it is in the very sight adorned, and defective faith; of, way, <;he rendemaeflà, grace, and beauty: which cofa auuicne, allhora, that all the parts are rightly made, & approbative of limited terms, and that they are based on the Ar- you. Part OneXbook First, Cap. II. p The genus is fruitful, and the moJul itions of the còfa are fruitful, and not f.itte ì caf j ; the waves see us clearly. as the Ai chitcttiua in kennels those pjicj t<.'nghi of the Moral Philosophy, and natural . The majesty of the great hate Ioni ino Archuetto , after he created that machine-sacrificing merauigliofa Sacra n the World, &arricci]iical.i, Ok adorned with all the corcfupenori,& lower jconftituted for graphs. tiarhuomojclofecepadronc of the intcriore, &ammirator of many sizes. Mdjperche by propagating the fpccie as much as he enjoys pafcer 1 intellect, with the food of the investigation: other tan- to was iiece/Titati to prouedere , & to procure the fertile human comforts , which seeks the con- political fort. So it's, eliciting various Sciences, and Difciplines, and it's- rie Alti , &efercitij , (as it is moftrato there) which from the beginning of the World are then fempre go Procm. j o with merauigliofa variatione , & order improving , <3c iUuIlrando , and irà those rilìede as prince- shovels TArcliitettura , as we dimollrammo . Laonde, and a subject of incomparable prephance was her first antiquity; for she was hebbo origin (ino à tempo de' noftri first fathers, and great Patriarchs j while they go prouedcando alla ne- celfity of being able to dwell, as the Letters' faces, confirmed by Vitruuio, make their Genefi femplici cafe edges vinchi, ecanne, and tallhor of woods, edilottcdi earth, ene'Bofchi, and in the '''^'^°'''. Campagnccome did the Ifraelitic populus, who lived in the defert 4o.annÌ5 to say neither the antri, and book '2. in and mcrne . Then it was the time of the Egyptians, but they did not do it for the time being. "P- 1- no perfect cofa; for they offered the forms very lined, & even the materials, as rough. Pri- ^'^'^'^* But she adolefccntediucnncapprelfo a' powerful/Timi Rèdell'Alìa, who built with bricks, and bi- "or shifts with which they made Cities, Palaces, & other dchcie (comehabbiamodagh Hiftorici^ with which- that but""ior artifice . But VTA grew up, and then he was young, and wasted: while he was naked in the public, and deprived as he was... The most important of these is the Greek economy: Greece, which is a country of virtues and the fine arts. he made, and ("it struck: here are always full of fine marbles. But finally so he turned the motion of the humane hoods, & eflendo and iduie all the other gràdezze for greater decorum fi transferred to Italiaj oue falito al colmo The Roman empire, she also in that point of manly diucnne, and perfect: I do not let it in the innuendoes, and in the elegance of the forms; but equally in the ephquifiteness of the artifice, and in the fictionality of the but- Tending, that elves among the people of Vniuerfo, with every term of magnificence they built All kinds of buildings; from time to time, that their veftiggi even if reduced to polueras bring friction, and I- 3 Or he rauiglia to anyone with attentiveness, and I judge them, And IF it's true, (comediceAriftotile,&Auerroe,)cheleSciences,lcquahfonofubalternate} i.Etich. They are nobler, if even more excellent than those, which fubalternano, ò ad'vna, onero à molte altro ^^P-'-. Sciences , & Arts . Who can doubt to anyone, that Architecture is not dignified among all Sciences^'. ze,c'habbiamonommatei' Because I am a fruitful Vitruelius, full of many different disciplines, òMathema-i. Poft. decorated with various eruditions, and doctrines, and smoked with a great number of Arts, and with all ^°"Y^°". à fuo fuo feu ferue to make us reduce to the act, and completion, any and every kind of building, with the help of our will] fi facro is like a farm. And likewise by the judgement of her fola is approached all this, which eff'effe Arti Poiler. They do; as Vitruelius difife with these words. Cu/us iudiao probantur omnia, qu^ a cAteris arti- mP^'"*. bus ferficiuntur opera . Laqual cofa is also confirmed by Plato. Etenirn Architecfus nulUsma- q^^.i.'. 4^ ntit^m mimjlerio vtiturj ftd vtentibits prxjìdet , Dumiudiaum adhtbet , mn fnimfierium ^tCwniQWàn-' book 1. I'll tell you what to say. It is also difficult to understand that Architecture was petfpicacilfima , & fublimiflìma fopra à tutte ^P'^''. The others, and which from her fola derive all the mifurcations, and proportioni , and (the most im- o-no 1 59 ' Carriers of which the Arts are ferocious with such parables. Arcbiteciuram vero menfurx, & tnslrumenta col. i.f. iam plurima q: