THE. FORTIFIKATIONEN DV CHEVALIER ANTOINE DE VILLE ¥ CONTAINERS YOUR WAY TO FORTIFY TOVTE SOR de Places, cane regulieremenc que irregulare cmenr, in what affiece they foienc; as in the Bridges> paC. Fages, Inks of Tiuieres, Sea Ports: The con! l: Rupture of Coutes Forces de Forts & Citadelles; the easy way to trace fŸr das gelŠnde. The modern cost, as it is practiced in the best Ortes of Europe, of .. rnonfl: re & calculated by Sinus & Logarithms ¥ .WITH ATT.AQ _] 'E, AND THE MEANS J.e take the Orte by Intelligenz, Fedition, fi1rprifa, ftra ¥ tageme, efcalade: make the doors go wrong, m1mit! �s & b, ifomenf: PlHjieurs Jn flmmens po ,, r break the chains & pa11x: The order of / o ,, g; Belagerungen, conftmfŸ™n du Forts & .Redomes, Les Reminchemens des rtiers. Des Trancheu, B, Mertes, Manttlets, Mi-. nes & several inmntions nouutlles non iam11if written. Die Abhilfema§nahmen gegen die Trahifon, Fedition, Rcuolte: To guarantee efcalacle,: Diuerfcs inuentions nouuelles conr P tarJ: Li deffcnfe against long Sicges, & against Sicges by force: Counter-Minen, Rctranchemens, Capitulation & Surrender of Places
The whole, eprtftntŽ in nnquanre-five PIAnclus, "�" I, s Pl, intes 6, Pr  -. fptlituts. Lt v, fco: irs tft prt11ut p11r DtmonflrAl1ons, expmmcn, Tlf1fonscommunes, & PhJJiqNt1. 11uec lts r1ipports des H 1ftoa á, s
ncimnes & modern.

AV LECTEVR-

MY LeŽl: eur, hatred & love make the most violent pallions which dominate us;
"" that of love is stronger
enuers ourselves as enuers
the others: because it is
we cannot foolishly judge our own aelions: & recognize our faults, as long as everyone delimits & prife fes Ocuures; & does not have. no ignorant fi or imperfect fi, who doesnÕt think anything recommendable. In order not to fall into this error, I fled to the neck, expelling this Ceuurc in public
from which each will judge paffion fans; & moy> as in a mirror, in this public voice> ic will check my faults, so the knowledge will increase my capacity. This was the fujet that prompted me to. write, or add that I have grown, that if my book does not merit being seen, it will make it easy for me to hide in the multitude rank of Authors who write every day;   fion the winch good so much more honor for means of efirc held in> some rank among those we e.fŸme.   oy he in liver, I will have satisfied my mood, it bewildering, amy LeŽl: eur, that this little that I have written does not e {l: Ž fans hazard to learn it, a lot of peille ˆ la cfcrirc, & de.frai $ ˆ l'experimcnter:
Those who are wary of it will have fans like the dancers. have it size: the boards of my hand, so that they will

more iu! l: es: i put the Plant pot \ r more easily to know its shape & its sizes; 1a ProfpeŽtiue, to accumulate to take the Plan of the Places, lefqucllcs make the same effeŽ� that ie the repreCentc seen from afar. In the Difcours i'ay Cuiuy what I have seen by experience efŸe the most practiced, & have added to it the report of the Hii1: oi re for those who complain about it; as well as the phyfiic riffons in places who fc do meet about; there is no shortage of demonstrations: ifein to the margins each cho (e, so that oa puilfe lailfer what will not please fans inteqompre le Difcours. I have put these diuerfitez to satisfy the diuerfitez of efprits: The meats, although fauoureufes, do not make good winches all: what one efŸme, the other mfprife: the variety of inclinations & moods makes the variety of iugcmcns. le t'fafcurc yet, amy LcŽ�eur, that I did not write anything, that my brother (Sergeant MaJor du Rcgimcnt de Monfcigneur le PrinccThomas) or moy, let's have vow, or practical: The experience of those who do not care about it will make you know the truth. Finally, I have do the best I could, & could to frighten you; to those who will be grateful to me for it, ie their long life, honor, and profpred life, offering them to all my fernice, a mecc the mf me affeŽ�ion that I offer them these Efrrits; giving others the freedom to do better, with the help of helping fcur glory if he does it more worthily. IN MONSIEVR THE CHEY A LIER DE VILLE fur fes rare V crtus. SOUND NET see a heart of Mars, a spirit of Mi, urue; z á aJPirer that to h, n ,, eurs, & Vertm of high price,

all 11anitate .. smell in scorn, O rner fas btlf.UX Difco, m d á vne diuine VerHe, > - <ndicate as it is necessary that vn Ej / -llt fa confan á ue, Z aiffre fear to enlighten the bravest tJPr�t, tr1 nfermer vn Terrain dvn compaJU pourpris, tj 1st comncc on the adj [aut, & as in the pri [crHt, tr1 flre grand Phiiofophe, & Mathematwen, <nir le Georrutre .� Arithmeticien, nf / -nžre as n must police a city, t-ufter fas long labors of great skill, t- 'aiffer [we are renowned for poftmtŽ, r ,,, ft á "p11s te 'J"' f, žt le Cheu11lier Di VIL t E? SVR THE NAME DV SIEVR ANTOINE DE VILLE áá AN AG $. AM M .e .. Toufiours aux belles aŽl: ions We see the skillful man busy. D .E V ILL]! full of intuition, His Name, IE GIVES TO vT1Lli: Anffi we see in fes Efcrits QE_e cŽt Oracle Prophetiqve Taught the Most Beautiful Minds. e Milratique Militaire

YOUR WHEAT OF CHA PITRES C O NT EN VS AV FIRST BOOK gcs Regular Forcificacions du Cheualicr Antoine de Ville. CHA ÈT 11. E I .. / ¥ ift, n,, & d, ftniti, m d., 01parms de la Fortificarion re-guliere. 2.Maximes or general precepw for the For Confid, ration auient qut deifortijier. De IMp, alitl du terrain. LI V 1t I! I. p ART II! I. E,: Ò : D, / V J SION S, ET DE F 1NIT10 N S parts of / 11, Fortification reguJier ,. CH A pl T He E 0 V S will start with the diu / ion of the Diuilion des that by art, their or atliecre by all dl: fi both. aduanca eufeBy, narur ::, CJU'il when dl: f: by 11r 0 anaturc, or {:! ¡ .ìc r ¥ s climbs & rocks easy, liver in the sea, or in the ground, or <la.ris marshes, or other places femblables. Leaces are strong by art, when the Affect does not have strong Pfoc s . & macliin s dcfquellcs the enemy fe fert: c'ell: why Places will make dl: re fortified, when all places from around them are Aan9ue1. A place that r, would have Place cnfcm1Ž pe des fimplcs & droitts walls will not do said ell: re of fortified fir_npks, but_ enflement encircled, & ant what ql "i flanks;;:; , t l ; r , ri c0mmc cc which dl: flanked must cll: re go. strong to refill tiliŽ. Yeu by flanqueco, c ¥ efi or by seeing by flank. glue; efl: re flanqu , c'efi cfire c'd! ¥ Flank, that 1,1 there are: in monkfish forrificati n in ener l, at di fiances, made of materials that do not do capable r .fifter to the Canon, & their turns do not alfcz. large to hold it.This strong of Prefecture Places do not qualify for a cll: re said fortified.

beat cesix qHi are approaching in the Je Je these "'".:, chines. This strength of fortification lasted as much as that of attack had fabjiftmes; iufques at this llmold- Bertold, found the powder, & others After luf The hottest Canon & eJPouuentable m.t qiii me. have. e; , If, e. tumais au mon d e, lacquer He acted f - made the most, violent of to1111s am (i q1 / it is p! lls [ubtzl of all the Elemens: aufli nothing that femmo amm times fe de / cleaver can refif to fa fury, & q, ž eftoit teni, for strong, eft easy violently powdered. L, [eul reme- of what we trammered against this force was to do ro, ur, rchfier de 1Tr11ndes [e; iŽes de terre a d, lho, [Ž tn for- a, a rune. oh. Jf these bodies c c, ens, corn- rems in plufours c ofes d e ceur x d e prefem, qui. fa have. for perfume; because little to pez, recognize [ant the deff..wts des a111re ;, we cuniire7, & returned to (. ')' \ .. 1.1 perfection qz‰ls do m: ii leading; & u11x-cy Jr .. e- 1 á 0,1t le Jii1ei de no) tre l) ij�ours. 2 0 V S will start with the diui / ion of the Diuilion des 3 by Places art,, or which by all make the strong two. By by narur ::, nature, when or Placpar es naturc, oufortes you make them the Places that make the mountains and rocks easy, liver in the sea, or in the ground, or <la.ris the marshes, or other lies Leaces are strong by art, when the Affict does not exist e la Place dl: strong by nature, & the other which is not by nature.

c Fortify, c'cfl: bafl: ir, or enclose,. the IPlaces. in such a way, R.1nc 9uc Yvn all of I the other1. , 1 & u they outline puifl'em tee l rcfifl: er es 1O1aux enc arms veu
. & macliin  s dcfquellcs the enemy fe fert: c'ell: why
Places will make dl: re fortified, when all places
from around them are Aan9ue1. A place that r, would have Place cnfcm1Ž   pe des fimplcs & droitts walls will not make said ell: re of fortified fir_npks, but_ enflement encased, &   ant what ql "i flanks;;:;   , t  l ; r  , ri
c0mmc cc which dl: flanked must cll: re go. strong to refill tiliŽ.
Yeu by flanqueco, c ¥ efi or by seeing by flank. glue; efl: re flanqu  , c'efi cfire c'd! ¥ Flank, that

1,1 there are: in monkfish forrificati  n in ener  l, at

di fiances, made of materials which do not make it possible to connect to the Canon, and their turns do not make alfcz. large to hold it.This strong of places of prefcnt do not write
A as la d'cll: re say mo <lcme, make fortifications. Those that are flanked by everything: & modPlaces ernc ¥ ˆ bA as la d'cll: re say mo <lcme, make fortified.celles that make flanked by everything : & modPlaces ernc ¥ to b
Each country has its own way of fortifying, as
�oife, at Plralicnne, at the Holandoife, at l'Efpagnole, & c. if these names make a whiff of difference
hofcs dl�ntiellc: s all agree.
Modern Iorcificacions, there are two strong; bar, rcg; uliere  , & irregular.

o á, uc 1>. JCL <,,, I. Oll, lcfi- c; m ( ¥ n l o :: mo1c u ¥ rro1c coucc: s dire cs f tre aces ce co 1 all cs aa1ons r. equal, i, 011, the fa cfbnt commanded from qm: k1ue cofŸ \ force does not feroic Cfgalc specification per wheel; c \ .fi-poun1uoy fclon the definition clic although ordered from some supplier, do not pay: - obJcŸionp. roic no ddh-c cfgalcment strong in key-mefme by everything: month of cc coftŽ this fcroit force furpafiee by that da cornm: mdemcnt, b. which would however last days b mefmc, although this great strength pins luy fuA: OJPOStC, like a man who rcfifl: cra ˆ vn another hom- C. '.> M, ar ifo laughed not for all that less force against cduy-cy, than c0nrrc: the other, but the force will furmontŽc by vnc more r; 111de: ainfi des B: dbons, they will in themselves r? rcc efgalc, m.11s none predominate by l: i force cxcc ncurc. the Figurl ', Regnlicres fortifications, the parts make the Figurl ', . P rtics, those who dl i'efpacc proposed to fortify, understood from several rcf: ul, cr ¥ -ro, tsfic., T ¥ nns straight lines, equal to each other, lcfquel \ es to their rcncor .tre do the years:; lcs dg: inx, as in the fccondc F urc de l: i pnmicrc Planche les lig; nes L H, H R, R 1 \ 1-, & c. f <, nt half of Exagonc, & the other half must d1rc of mefrnc. Orb Figure pr nd fa denomination of the number of anrrci ', t r.,,! C- t! .Lc.;, Had costs: if it angles, it is expressed by appointment. dcw Greek words, the first of which signifies the number, & f, a; trc, angle; like trine, de tris, which means, three, & gonia, angle; tcttagone, of teffares, which lives say, guatrc, & gonia, an le, & so of others; Penta gone, that is to say, at five angles; cxagone, in Jix; ept

Les, Places re fontuhcres do those. who have them. cofi-ez & them
I IC f <IU CS, a! \   , 1 cs c: 1  , '\ U) (, ¥ & I CS B n. á A, uons l} Ul [, On r.) Ur iceux ang I cr ,
  : 1 ce, or e, "-conez, or d. Es Ba ons, or d e 1 a
torcc; in this way do more, artdes Place
'7one, to fept; ottogone, ˆhuiŽl :, cnncai ;; onc, ˆ neuf; from   agonc, to ten; endccagonc, at vm.c, dodccagone,: i dou- 7.c; decatrigonc, at thirteen; decatetragone, in lUatorre; of
capcntacrone, to, 1uin-ze; dccacxagonc, at fr1z.e; dccaep  a
<> onc, at ten-fcpt; ICO dccaottogone, at eighteen: s á; CC 'Il: dccacnnc  .d - t> go1; e> a' d. 1x-ncu f; . fi 1gonc, a ¥. vmgt, & á c. 1
CS CO-
trust that she takes the name, we will express p, 1r two words,
Lat1ns, comrnc tri latcre, quadrilatere, & ainfi des autres ,.
Paste them from b figure, make lines lJUë dark, 011 cc: 11-, 1 le
the figure, dl: ccluy qui cil fait par le encounter, & incl: -I d
The angle of the centil cil: celuy lJUì cil: made by two lines, each dcfquellcs starts at 1'.ingle du cofl: Ž, & fc An, .lc <lu ends in the center, where all   two l meet, & fopr ccn  re. center fangle. Otherwise, the angle of the center efl: cc-
luy lJUë cfl: done in the center by the meeting of the two pro-
half-diameter chains of the first dimension, like H SR.
The Ball: ion e! L: cc large body advanced as aPf:!; Lcs d
m from this, & which is the width of the entrance to the Ball ion of the co-
Hey: de la pl, 1cc, of which fvnc des moltJL7 i'apndlc Jemy   or-
ge, like H Q..011 vnc dem} 'gorge, & Q.I., dl any
the throat.

Le Flanc dl: me li  ne qui cfl: ŽlcuŽc plrp <> P licubire-Ffanc. , that lies for the ccfl: Ž d ¥ the Figure, at the point where fc linit the last c'cll throat of BafŸon,: i l: i <] uelle il dl: ef  al, comm .. l) 11.1.
la Courtine dl: everything that i: fl: between two lhncs f‘s plus Courtine. close to the two Bafl: diffcrem ions, co: nm .: QS.
Faces, or pa, 1ds de Balbons, are part of iccluy, r.1ec 1. of r.a <'Ui font oppofŽcs, i. the campaign, lcfC] udles auec ks A: mc   flio:
a hcucnt to form the Ball: ion, or hi Ln cc are the parts,
ciu BafŸon which since fcxtrcnrnŽ of A.111c, rnft1uc, .i
1.11ointe, like AM, & A l-.
"Ui cil: done by the rcncontn á dcs d.:u   faces, uHnn1 <l.i
1ornte A,
igne de defcnfe cf \: that 9ui cf \: tircc from the point: fe111c. du Bafl: ion, iufqucs au poina where the flank oppofŽ fc r
  A; t1 e 11 year ¥ des Angfaces le des A.tnl \ deux llant c! T BafŸons ccluy qui suivant, dl: fau paprolonr les   Žes vis

from the middle of the curtain, cc same MO P, lc! qnclles monfuent oi'1 begins the defense of B.1fŸon, whence �nli1iuent two d.:nomin.1ifom des Aancs,,   fans when <dcfenfc du Bafl: ion begin .: au ll: u1c oppc Î, fit'han, when
9when it begins in the curtain; & cŽt cfpac .: depnis where the dcfcnfe begins, iuf <1u '.:. u fl.:l:,c is called prcm :: r flanc, & the other j, 1 dcfini fccond fh
auance to run the one who rdl: e, com111c to the three I-•
gurcs d'Orillons, tidal 1. L ;. the flank com1C1t cf \: B C. & the dcuxicfrne Fi  ure 011 make the Bafl: ions, in this same Aanc couucrt dl: marked K.
Orillon, or cfpaule, efl: the part 9 which covers the A.ane couuert, like E F, in the Figures
the curtain, like C E in

in the Baltion that the refl: e of iceluy, as we will clearly see in the Fi mure mife in fon Chapter, & icy it cfl: in the Figur   des Orillons in C B.

EmbraCurcs or Canonniercs, make the ouucrrurc of Aa'.lc
Merlon, cfl: cc qui Žfl: entre deux Canonniercs, which runs the Canon, & Place balic.
vLe Rempart cfl: all terrain 9ui cou ure & cnuironne
The other parts fe will see better, .- au: orphil, autrc

{i ment entauon ¥ appcllŽ d e tous t> Orto "r.iphic, les I 1autcur   á, oui d dl: c I 1 proP I pace, rement lc9ud la repon rc-fe
Parapet pd'iccluy efl: cc 9ui cf \: eluted by delf'us le Rem-
share of the campaign cofl: Ž, like H I L.

The Chemin des Rondes cfl: this space which cf1 in the last one Chemin Jcs du l) arapet du Rempart, like Y N; & fon Parapet dl: l \ waves. The E (carp of the crab beetle: this slope that is given to the E f� carp. The Efcarp body, e, is called or the solidity the chem1fede) a, wall, like PM. fans understand m: fu .e The Efpcrons, 0 1 Buttresses, make certain Efpcronr dances. the cofŸ wall: from Place cntrans in the Rem- part, as we will see in their place. Le FoffŽ dl: this crested efpace all around between Place FoffŽ. The Concrc-efcarpc eyelash: the edge of FolfŽ all love of Cocfcacpntrce. <; hemin couuert efl: this place which efl: fur l'Efcarpe lower,; 0: ;; _ The Efplanade efl: this re-sulphidation of soil which fills with Pa-Efi> lanaJc. rapct an chemin couuert, & va fe loser in the campa- gene, like X. the Place d'Armes Cil: this difl: ance which dl: between the Rem-Place. d'Arpar! & the maifons of the City: or the Place which cfl: in the middle of the city, or bitter p : m where cfl: the answer. So'.Jacs as used, or for guard. born by everything. fenticlics of r Q! There are no parties flanked in he h Place which is not far flanked. Plforce acer 1! at1uantcs, more than the range of weapons defquclles on fe dchd, the main ones of which are Les Moufquets, cant what flanks, that cc which ell: flanked liver to fe1rcuue, or capable of relifi: cr with weapons & machines of fafaillant, of which the strongest make the Canons. S D E L A f O Il T l F I C A T I O N Il E G V L 1 E 1t r,

Qi) .s the parts of the Fortification closest to the cenrrc foicnt touliours higher, & command those who make it distant. Banque Banque'Z angles. straight, or near d: right angle. The less obtuse angle angles make the better, remaining the right angular Ba! Lion. Bafiions which have more defense, or make more fun <] Ue'Z., Make the best. Q !! s Parapet s, are made of soft materials, q111 does not falfcnt no shards. uA ofin ir fe for defcndre which auec one more bafŸt those of more Cities,, & dl: pque ou peu poude shadow puiff'e refŸ cr to vn larger. In the beginning we to keep the peoples together, and to receive them by law, l) CU that was the battle, which one ofaifoic of o! icgcs. Cain fnt ole pr Ç- t <wall, u .11 es. cl.c r which, curate á, Ž Il & fc: auo1r. renra rcttaJttc auce. d tout es cfa ofauno ar es dire l] ll ¥ á 1 lu-11 á: u-en á should be the country. Since then, many cities have been created in cities, never ending; & fc vans trop faith bics in the campa- d: If the pawn defrute d1frribua de rifcfon d.ms year the, Villa &?; was c in this qfcurcu '' he tŽ. auo1t _Mamtcnde prdl: Žant ute the Cities that are fortified have no other effect than on retirement, dcfc: nfc, & alfeurance de fE! ht. Ê ¥ nir & for- ¥ tcnicaufc Bafiir & fortifier nde dcfles ripcnfVilles e q1res, u'il il y u1 á a fc ˆ ouurnnt les gfaies nccc de re, ff a1r & á. Es rrincrsa 'mai1, nu The Prince as much as to undertake them must have more than a few conliderations. We should only b: ubr Efiat places g-rfaut nccdlˆircs: as in vn grˆnd Eltat it is necessary to fortify that ", on1 fi er f1 es P 1 aces fi ront1ercs ¥, á to cmpe1c ter 1 n áes es vo1 ', fi ms or .. lf esPronucrcs. to come in and knock on the door. Of mclmc les pa ag fo., Made the most foolish of the Chalteaux, or Forts aux en- eres. at present. ., doment _n. The cnre Porcs aum n, "de: rortt. Mer fi ez; which & are all kept cfchemcnt. The other places should not be fortified; because it would be more harmful than bile to be in the body of the State of the Strongholds, then that from no part one does not create. mt l'cnnem) ': & fcroit a fear that they donaf- fi: m fujet de rebellion al) x fcditicux, lefquels citas em-

parry, the Prince would have much to do to control them with the raifon. At Tours fortifications have been made, which have been imperfect for a long time, in order to have recognized that they can only leak out to deal with misunderstandings; of which we see examples aJfe'L frequcns to the civil wars of nofire France. d 01t. at {!' I auo1r. cgar d que l e 1. 1cu Pl.ace. convenient for traffic, and that there is a few for the transport of foodstuffs, mainly to large Places. We have to choose the place where you don't want to be bad, the air must there <JU'11 kills more soldiers than the enemies do: look good. And fi vn fiegc closes long-time, the disease fans other force will force those of the Place to return. In tcmp of peaceful peace n If Fon Efiar is not very populated, it would hurt
t1  po $ de bafŸr des V1lks n :: uues for the next after apr
DELA   OR'T'tFIC'Al'TONR'E.GVLIERE, fertcs: however at the necessary places, where <JUi are doing great <f at first, we could: t fc fcruir means fuiuans. To attract the peoples of other countries to come and live in them, we give, larger franchises than at other places, :: because otherwise perfonne would not want to leave the place where he dl: accustomed, to go and stay in places little frequentcz, where there is no conuerfation, no trade. At Ligourne it is allowed that any large group of people take refuge there and are alfured, although they have committed several crimes elsewhere. The Venetians condemn the rich who deserve chaotiment, de bafl: ir some maifon in Palma-noua; others live there for a while. Moyfc in three cities that it bafŸt, Bozor in Arabia, Arimna in the earth
of the Galaadins, Gaulalin in the Baraldide region, conceded that those who took refuge there were not punished for the homicides which they had committed not voluntarily. Romulus after auoir bafl: y Rome, the call the place of azile, where all those who retreat there were abfous of any force of crimes, & the free facts.
All these confidations & others must be reffered, and at least confused by experienced people, as soon as starting a great deal,

Pvn falcon ches, & fi small,
Ut'ut \! U '' c res. that in Fn most Holland 8c prefects in Flanders    all c, n strengthens them Pl: ices do pluficun frontic-Pb- Placet do s Moces f, copaw  e ce & en que they Polo  ne do we do concinuellemenles fortify in steps,?; Uerreparce. that
á wants to go there to live there, & by ainli the Place dcmc: urc dc: fcrte. e, & for _ta fecounr during Prince cpour 9u'elle cfi a! Iiegl! e; sufficient money to pay for maintenance Soldiers, & ammunition to maintain them; & do not make me PJa�e, ras as vn Prince d'lt: ilic, lc9ucl fi-efchement has made Yne Ville of fi great circuit, 9u'il it will take dell% times as many men as it) ' to dms fon Eftat for the to split. n Moffort, fiŽcoowieoe neny en les Princes do elŽŽtifs, lefquels pourroicnt vfurpcr la
Places. But this cover ell: very pernicicufc for the people, & for the country, which by this means cll: ruined, & the war in cruel ef�, & lasts longer-tcmps, with an extreme defordre & confufion; what they begin to recognize, and the most skilful make fortify their Places, to exhaust the rauage which fe made by these armies theft: i.n
plowed, rafic celfent point r: 11t country that the age remains in its entirety fans rage ell: rele Flandres. Age in stride, 8c la, IufŸce reigns in! Isl well at the height of the gucr-
te, that in the quietest of peace, all do in rest, 8c

BOOK I. p ART tF I. Jf
are living in their cities. These are the biehs that the nBiens cla prou ¥ those of the fend of the opprc ffi ion of the ennerny, ai "d e tion, the fidblcs, rcfifl: e au; x forts, makes the Efl: ats flourish, confer
order, rights & Iufl: icc, cha!
chancetŽ, & cmpefche l'vfurpation. l> uis therefore that the For
tification efl: caufe of a thousand strong goods to those who
fcrnent, & does not harm others, it must efl: re
cfl: imŽ e & mife en vfage.

CH AI 'I T R' E I v.

ns icy A! lietes, or places where coramcncq cr we can bafl: ir the Fortifications: ie prisray icy after vnc_ Fortin ¥ indifferently the name of Site, or Affiete, lefqucls ie diation, uiferay in high, medium & bottom: And those cy fe fubdiui- will do in those who do fccs, & those who do all, or in part of the water, which will make sea, or soft; & cellc-cy dormante :, or current. High places are acceffible, or inaccc: ffibles; or by tie acceffibles, partie: inacceffibles, both fecs and those <} They are in the water. Les rnoyem, prefuppofcnt toufiours see order, then he) has higher places. Now this command may cfl: re diuers, as well as those Plac :! co ; who do plain, defqucls none do order, au: di ;;; my ¥ trcs no. Commands, they do or a lot, or nicrcs. little tall of a cofl: Ž, or of plufirurs, rfloigne1, or pro- ches: sometimes there is some valec, or precipice between the command, and the Place, or some river, or all both. The Sites which make in the waters, as in the sea, Diucdici de fur the acceffible efcueils, or inacccffibles, enui- Site ,. ronnc: z of water all around, or of several cofl: ez, auec some aduc: cloud of solid ground, or of water, or fans point of aduenu‘, order, or not: Others remain at fcc when the tide is slack, & cnuiron- water when it is high. None make in the marshes, or lakes; the others, c: choose vnc, lt. OF THE FORMATION RFGVLI RI ', riuicres, which can e! L: re of water vmc \, or c1u1 tan / slow in time of EfiŽ. Afterwards the ground must be confidcr, from which we will deal with pan. There are still S1tcs which make Yituez so much that one can flood all the country, the City remaining whole. & more other strong ones that he was impotent to say, defected as varicose c.:!l: li grandc, that 1e does not believe that there are two feukmcnt who believe in everything so fcmblablcs that we do not there are some differences. We will speak of those who alleged allegucz by showing their convenience7. & incomrnoditcz, force & faithbldfc, & the other circumstances: ancc Places ba-Formerly one choifŸfoir Jes the highest places for ba- J \ i.cs aut.rc-fi: ir Places lefquels which eftimoic by delfos all au
dot corn.man of cc 1 á urpa 0 á e any other r. , one d e. Site. M: us.
since then we changed .: of opinion, having conlidcred 11ue the main end for which we ba {lit lcs "vi li es cfl: for ha
biter, & to make the conuerfation or a / lembke ciuilc, the traffic & trade with the sailboats, Gins which they cannot fubfify. By then we fortify them for the poull (, \ f defcndre, which makes it necessary to have the commod1tcz, first of all the habitation and the inhabitants, & fccondcmcnt of your force. †T the high places if they are good for strength, they do not do it for the convenience of city dwellers. parkr, 1y therefore of each cfpcce in particular, dcduifam their kindness & default
Those who are inaccessible cannot be taken rarely. for what means is there to take cc: l which we do not. can arrive? This is why they don't need any Fortific: ition.
Some are cnuironner of water, c0mmc S. l \! 1chd ctl Bretaane, lelJUel ic would like to / impregnable by force; because or-, be the aamage of Sitc, cn high tide i 1 cfi enuiron'lf de 1, sea, & balfo there are only fables; so much so that he did not take his shoes either by tcrr armŽe army or by nauale army.
It is full of femblablcs Sites in the riui <"rcs, like Roche-maure, & le Chafl: cau Dau, both in the middle of Rhofoc, bafl: is fur rocks cut all cofkz: wutestimes these do not as strong as the others, because they are close to the ground, and stone bafiis, they can also be beaten, broken by cannon shots, or by the Caualicrs that can be made, or by the minions, <1ui fe treuucnt: in tour,

Others make their way into the sea, and on the other side, to the land, no dcfqucls do quite inacceliibll á S, wmmc la Rocqucllc en (alabre, & Corfou, which efl: in V cnitil-m, at the end of the l0c fur vn inacce rock [- 1it, le, enancŽ dans 1., mer, fur lequc: 1 efi bafu dit Cbaflcau, ou Fort, 'him does not look: not as high as S. Michc: l , c'cfl: why the ef�ime of splitting the sea better: because the blows pull from there fi.mt more damaging to those who palfent, because they ra (ent dau.1nta c. In this way cfl: still the Cha! l: Douurc water: ni.lis for dl: re too h: iut is not afraid of damaging the V aisle which palfcnt at the foot of iccluy. Sometimes these places are accessible from the cost of the earth, cities that are as busy as Gaycte in the Key Kingdom, Sites ar. dc N ,, plcs, & Nice en Proucnce Il. in Fon Il., Altdfe cccofiffi lc e $ de: dter ¥ a <1 e <á., a, 1ove, & á ccux-q dÕornent cure r, orn á fi ez du co1Ï ac- ccJëiblc; making the picccs there will work best for rc, S1 c. De, places rn tcn á e inaccessible to all coficz, he á 'en -raccclli ¥ sees plulirnrs: \' crrogola in Pif an, at the top of vn á o-bics. NOT d1cr, Rad1rofani aux confin, from the Efiat of the Grand Duke to the Pope. As <1u'on bafl: ifŸ: these Places, it does not matter; fi on, had on there frr.l <1ucl <JUC tour, or Aanc, either for the ornament of the bafl: 11ncnt, 011 for the increase in strength. Where. a q11cll111c cofl: Ž from where we fomfonne the cnm á my to be able to approach, it will be necessary to cc ccofl: Ž, as we can see in RaJicofani, &: rnmmc no \,, let's say in fon lieu . <jllcls you can climb a! easily, like Talcn ccliiblcs, at [-au-uP, , ne mountain of tcrrc, which it occupies enticrcmenr, & n'cfi: ras commandŽe <no place; this walled cy but not fortified. Sancerre cfl: fortified or fur high, but m now demolished since Monfieur le Prince pm. These tall places usually are small, especially Licu: 11 lit11cie those who make the summits of mountains & rocks: fa. Commetmooca on we canÕt nt rrcs-rr orts to not


now demolished since Monfieur le Prince pm. These tall places usually are small, especially Licu: 11 lit11cie those who make the summits of mountains & rocks: fa. Commetmooca on we canÕt nt rrcs-rr orts to not black not cfl: re taken,: i caufe their exce / Tiue height, they do rd'ordina, irc can not do much damage, either for the mcr, or pctitS. during the campaign. We ks baffa, & we hold it gar ifon at, u- 14 OF THE REGULATION REGJLJEA: F. However, not in order to escape from it, but in order to prevent some rebel from taking possession of it, or the veil of this Efiat. They have that auamage that they can not! Force them only by hunger, or by thirst, make out of battery, mine, fappc, & inacccffibles, & few soldiers can keep them long time ; c'cfi pour <] uoy little ammunition is needed to maintain them, &. to endure a long fiege, besides what they usually do in the open air. Those who do in the sea do better in terms of strength, because they cannot see fire well a1Tieµ; c1, that <] When the time of the year the torments do not diffuse the failing army, & give the light to some barguc to put in refreshments s order all in turn, & do not do comcforcc, mm & order, & the retailer can only run with great for 1? _ '!: _ "'" it ¥ difficulty, nor do any work which is equal to the height of the Square. To all of them: 1ort1es. They have the advantage of efl: rc always higher, & _to hold the de! Fus; & little Rempart & Parapet height. It takes a lot to run those outside, & the very high trenches to n ¥ efl: re seen from the Place; as in Parapets des Bate

efire peuuentmis _ pasau prcmiet "r: in_E de l: i. force. M is tout ,, i11! i <Ju'i \ y .i. nothing arfait, aull1 do they have their impcrfeltions. Although there is a lack of water, lack of land, the difficulty of the charroy & d traine, the inconvenience of climbing so much & dcfccndre: In addition to these these Places are every day distant from flcuues, which dl vn fio-nalŽ defect, prine ncVilipe alemne ent then <} U'elles do 'd� ran-pro ¥ Looks like it can last long to avoid this comm efVille he fituŽ chano-Žes fur vn a high place, a dl: Ž depopulated after florence efiŽ bafiie in the plain near the f \ euue Darno. Lyon e! L: oit formerly m high in S. lu! L :, & now it dl along the Saone & fu Rhofne; & more u_cres Plac ces that have e! l: ŽllangeŽes to approach csnmere , tllll are very necessary to Cities. We hardly see any of them by which, or else does not palpate something:, ¥ cft why this strong site does not put in, age q If J> Olll? ' the Chafieaux, or Citadels that we make in these places, so that they command the Cities that make fun of the plague. The dcfcnfe efl: ill-easy in c: these places, either or not to have no land to make the fences & rctranchemems, as if it were difficult because it was very uneasy to pull the Mo1Ufr1uet down, the Parapets c! l: years of hair removal. And still worse, the Canon which makes more effect: shot from bottom to bottom, than from top to bottom; because the fire goes up in hautr, & by confcquent accompanies the hale qrui dl longer: pouffŽe above; on the contrary pulling down, the fire: goes away from a cofl: Ž, & the bay from the other: besides that the necks pull from bottom up take the walls by the] ied & the cnleuenr, & those from top to bottom

only do a little bit of ruin. Those who order at these places: x must see the fungus to keep there viif & ammunition to fuffifance, to have large cillerns to contain quantity of water, to make cxall: e guard, & do not lailfer to hell pcrfonne inside that those of the garnifon , or who believe well cognem, armed fans: They will be vigilant to fe feefire furprŽ by finclfe, then they do not fear the force strong ef� Sedan which dl: fur la dcfcente, fans in cfl: re feparŽ than by vn fofsŽ fait in the rock by vn long rrauail.From those who feparez Montmcliar, command el \: Montmclian, which in command of fcpar of the mountain voi / ine, & feparŽ by vne ValŽe which in-m nc ¥ gnc of them. This is a great defect at a Place d'efirc comman-qu, y co m21 dlc; that is why we owe it to him the better he fends; v t'Ž / can, enclosing what commands a Place, or most Of vnc must much, as was done at Sedan; or else faifant ¥¥ Place ndEc c ¥ om8c <.jas Uelque on a Challeau fait ˆ, ou Orenoe, where Citadclle la Ville au á efl: place qimŽe ui au bas commande,, au 1aut we did vn Chilleau rres-fort aucc vne beautiful Arms Place, which they call Vignalfc. -re neither the vn nor the other, it will be necessary: ??to run more / their pieces the -newn before the other of the cofl: Ž that the Place was ordered, as we did: i Mootmelian, with the high pieces, 8 'traucrfes plucieurs that prevent (JU'une no party: 'can efl: re in
ltdl: e to padc.r of $ Plarn which [on; in, la Pfaine, lcfquel
nt. Those who attack O! Lt this advantage, that they can put their batteries at such height <] Uìl their plaifl :, & with mcfure that one will haulf the works of the rolling, they will haulfcrull their batteries, lefquelles which they command  rom all days, & defcououririr in the Place what diligence that those from inside will fail to do. It will be noted that these commands are more harmful
let those <ui do excc! liuemenc tops & cut; & l'cnnemy fr fr l l auantageufcrnent to break, to em
carry the trau: mx, our  fairc brevche, & oficr the dcfenfes    because the shots pull fa niueau make more elcet than those who
, á 1cnnenc high, as will be demonfhe after. He efi vr
x of Pl: tce, which could not color. This way
marka-
tile fic-r. well a lne foui-s ellrc little-- d fr auent ns! or   r, �ac iamais quh 'il   enceller r fo.nr á ary, well 1 q11l'lq1u1 s ne. ¥ fortifiedfortipeuuent e: car ceu-r á 1ama1s de quoy á y dehor   that b '1en those have couunr. the auan-of ¥ lcs "faults <JUC we will notice to the others; & aut;, nt more <Jt1'clles make more comrnandc: es?: in this way efioit S. Antonin that Roy afliegea & took against Hugue
nots, Genes en efi de rne / ines.

i io fa f- en ay vcu qui fžtcnono that the places ordered
ocafont - D 01r after ¥ vne rnon1srer chofe r. ia f. at, ltlnet, r quoy Ž, all r. 1cro1t á d'vn r. , c break common l a tenc n. in vain
Illcilleurcs. uantogc repncnt this ugncnc, caprice & there is only against the pe   ra1fon. of For medium-sized people who are not ruined
Iol'Authcur, fairc'lcs mines "a, an.u, r 'binding, a, cau, e r. Qu ,, 1 l r, aut qu, á i 1 beaucoupcrcu1cr.

aliˆ1lly: but this commodirc: efl: comrcpefŽe of a thousand others   inconvenience. more important than that. C'efl: why cefŸ feule should not efl: re dl: imŽc stronger than all the others for pcrfoadcr to receive cctrf foutre opinion.

s strong do not have. No site. t e, n. _ rre defect c I 101. of h. by those of us all we are others: prece-car! cures.
say: They have preferred <1ue cousays b commo-
diti ': riuiercs, the ease of the charroy: we have increased the cfl: cn-
du‘ of the campaign to fortify to plailir, earth to
command to make the Rcmp: irs, Parapets, Caua-
licrs & other ouuragcs, we can pitch big outdoors


blc. Verruca crcs- lesson less cfio1t foutenu Verruel'vn, at fo
tage of all co {h: 1 ,, wish they see everything that
in; because no work can run them. They all


in the plain, Aanque7. & c™mandez. one after the other p: ir
dcl!; rez, c.:aux to drink, well, or fountain there
lack iama1s: short, c'cfl: afŸettc that one chooses gold-
for large cities. From this forest it does not:
bc need to report examples, because t] U '\' n each
can commonly see. ItÕs: this strong Site that
we cncend we must cfl: re done the regular fortification
that we defcnros c1-apres, parcc 9uc all others dcf”u! I Places nori cannot cfl: re forrific1, rcgulicrcmenr. On vn Site commadŽcs
frmblable cfl: fortified Palma-noua in l'Efl: at V cn1-in the plain ¥ wish, & Co‘uorden 11ux Hollandoi  , Manhcm en Allcm., -
gnc; roads lcfquelles three make in the plain fans cflre Chadc a ¥ ilfe
ordered. Charle-villc that Mon lieur de Ncuer, did   : ll, r. pr bafiir efl: bien re !!; ulicre, but there is Mont Olimpe which the N

, as we have
said, or! Central Islands, where we don't speak; because it is a ferrous door plufl: ofl: pais que S1te d'vne Place. Portc-furaro cfl: e á nui-ro cen rcnuironame ronnŽc most of the sea, on the other fcparŽc of:;   
the land of the Jne by artificial fofsed vn: Mantua efi enui-F: e  ; 1:    ronnŽc d '\' n lac de tous cofl: e1. within range of the Canon,

ognc a s ma rets, & d u co fl: '   d V V cm. r, e d es ca-u
11l E LA O lt Tt JI I CA T I ON lt E CV t. I f; _ t1 that we have ddl: ournŽ: Peronnc fronticrc, du co! L: Ž de Franco    grand marets, fur lefquels cfl: vne auenu‘ or way to enter the City. These Places have the advantage that they can only be accessed by a few places: c'efl: pourquoy
t cut these pall: 1  e  , & cmpctŽ: hcr the encmy of fr to be able to approach. (strong cttc from Site con
! idea in foy mdine cfl:: l the truth very strong: but it is necessary to take µ;. irde that to affiege it fam little of my-
from to the {failing á, besides that these places do badly-: �fe1-to efl: re fources, & those inside can not make any forties, & the air usually there cil: maumis: Toures times they doiuem efl: re efl: imez trcs-forts, then they do not bother cfl: rc
us days fcourucs of new soldiers, & r: i.
very few pre-fresh illusions of mwiitions, mainly when they
wander; that of the sea cannot be continuously closed, except for the turf; & then click, rcuucn dhc ftcoUT> t�  : rnmmc il arriua ˆ ”'ortc-fr: rrare afiicg  e de huill: ante Galeres du Turc, who was (shortened by a new Galcrc du Duc de Tofcanc, lacquer! pa ! f.'l the tra ¥ ucrs of this armle to the tedder of bad weather, & fc ren ¥ dit dam la Place.
V enife cil: vn A different site from the others, limited to the end of the Adriatic Sea; the closest tcl'l'e lil: five thousand. there is no t1.rrc: i.urour of 1.i Place, only the one that dl iu! l: cmcnt occupied.:e by bafl: imcn ¥: at cons V, ulfcaux
Eyelash site: wonderful for cfl: re feu! in this strong: Trcs
I m     rar ,. 01cn ¥   on that when those d11 pays want to put the ca11 p.u 
ptrfonnc has never undertaken any of these plans. k 1 á cm qn'clle ncuucnt dtrc force prifes, & that it,. There is no such thing as a log of Nature's ncccllity which puffed them up. Outraged & trcsadu.1n-l> icn agfomliŽ all these there have Adjacent places: on the ground, those with art, gr.mds Jlafl: ions, Rcmpars & Parapets strong c-fpais, dcs folfct. trcs-bre; s, & t


uO: oH \\ UC de fc return, & fe fo™mettrc ˆ l'Efpa  nol. A