1 I F Y U Ô R I $ U Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Research Library, The Getty Research Institute http://www.archive.org/details/architecturaciviOOcara ARCHITECTVRA CIVIL STRAIGHT AND OBLIQUE. CONSIDERED AND D1BVXED IN THE TEMPLE OF lERVSALEbL Erected on Mount Moriah by King Solomon. Fruit of Nebuchadnaphor, Emperor of Babylon. Rebuilt by "Lorobabel, Grandson of the Indian Kings, T rebranded by King Herod. T recently turned to ashes by the soldiers of 'Titus Son of Vcfipafian Emperor - PROMOTED TO SVMA PERFECTION IN THE TEMPLE T PALACE OF S LORENCO NEAR THE SCVRIAL ? What an invention with fu Divine Ingenuity, delineation, and dibuxo with fu Royal hand, and with excessive roosters using the best Architedlos of Europe erected KING Da PHILIPPE IL BY DON IRAN CARAMREL Monk Cifierctenfie, Dotor and Proftflbr of Santa Theologia in the Vniqjerfidad of Lovayna; and now Arpolifpo-Obifpo de Vegeven , Count of Z.em> &c. of the Confidence of His M age fiad' &c. WITH A LICENSE FROM THE S VPERIORES - At Vegeven. At Emprenta Obifpal by Camillo Corrado Ano from MDCLXXV11E TO YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS THE SERENISSIMO PRINCIPE Serenity, sir. O T is born a New Art ( Otava entre Qs Lifer a fes , Decima entre (as Advfas'jf the cjuaL no one 2a excrued in the Adundo. THE ARCHITECTPRA OBLIQVA ,Lo-. because to her faith prayed, as much as from the Are (i- teiiura Recia 3 (juanto rufalen juanto fe (a tria, Logarithmic a 9 Piftoria > Statuary , Perf^eítÍq. Sciences in eíte Lidro fe dif^iita* Ta íajufe opportun (de3 reSta eí'(farda Pafino. But which^ Vn Liíro fu grape , and others nom^ not therapy ma~ e to have as Godfather a Prince so ar, if there is no other in 6 o , 'en ank imtent The doors for du~ ro > manda me et and <~üorüer to sting your eyes, say with all requirement*- ci A and refjto 3 Gloria fumma Libros , & ferner Maxime Princeps? Aucori eft, pedibus iuppofniiTe Tuis. ’ a GENERALLY SPEAKING What is contained in this book. VOLUME I Proemial Treatise in which faith draws and explains the Temple of lerufalen: First Principle of all Good Architecture. Treaty I. In which faith they propose, and they list with brevity and clarity all the Arts and Literary Faculties, that it has to faber ¡ and to exercise an Architedo. Try^ II. In that by new way and brief faith explains the Arithmetic ; And you roll the Beads of Rayzcs Q jadiadas, Cubicas, and all genre of Proportions íe reduced to Rules of great facility. Treaty III. Of the Logarirhmica, New Art, and it is now never treated in Caftellano. Pcninse five Tables to abbreviate the Calculation, when long > and difficult phon supputations. Treaty IV. In which faith emphasizes the Geometriacuyas Maximas, for fer very neceflarias in the Ar-chitcdura, faith explain with great curiofidad. VOLUME II Treatise V. On the Reda Architecture. It has two parts. In the first faith, the "Architetura" is diffused in general, and in the second faith, the Co'unasTyrias, Tofcanas, Dorians, Ionians, Corinthians, Arctic, Italian, Mofaycas, Gothic, Atlantic, and Paranym-phicas are measured and drawn. Tatty VI. Of the Oblique Architechture . Science ignored today by the Architects, who consider faith to be great, and because they lack it, they make infinite mistakes every day. It is reduced to the Geometrical Foundations in the Book, which is the first, which has given rise to faith. Treatise VIL On some Sciences and Arts, which, although not necessarily necessary, accompany and adorn the Architecture. In all faith they put very curious observations, today they warn of nobody . RO- Of the Treaties, Articles and Sections in which the two volumes divide him.. Architeftura is the art of building: divide it into Re&a and Obliqna - And I say,that_> cfta Divifion I make it; because although there have been many, who have rightly dealt with that, of_? cfta fairy now has not e- Neither written nor brought in... Many Faculties and Sciences accompany Architcdura, but in a different way: because some of them are necessary for an Engineer or a Master of Works, and the others ennoble and decorate him, and at the beginning of the first volume I treat the first ones, and at the end of the second one I explain the second ones. The order of the Treaties. and fus Parts j is eíic . VOLUME L Rare of the Liberal Sciences, and Ma-thematics. Eícribefeen Efpañol, to fervently encourage the great geniuses who, through ?, do not speak Latin and cannot find science in their mother tongue, but rather in their own language. hendvlas, with great damage to the public. PROEMIAL TREATY. Enquere dibuxa, y explica muy en particular, todo el Templo de lerufalcn . ART1GVLO I. From the Ages of the World. Make mention of all the Great Pardons (Patri.irchas, Kings, and Princes) that in the same place, where the Te mplo of Salomen is, facilitates the erigning of rum; and dcfpucs of ereflo, or pythy a fu c mfir ation, or fa< rikgamcnte a_" fu proLnacion concurti: ron. p¿g. 3. Section I. Of the Creation of the World. Explain which box is God, and which box is Nothing ? What was in the world before it was created? That man is a world of what he is; and that he is of an expired body, and a soul. That I miss Arifloteles cn_" to grant Eternity to the World, and deny it to Alina. ) Note from D Time matching. ^.4. Section II. Of the antiquity of the Temples. If that, in which they made fus sons, I effervesce in the same place, in which dcfpucs i ruled the fuyo Solomon. If I was then years, and m: f was fucedten-do in each age . pag.j.) Section IV. From the early world age. nities, and Ceremonies in the Temple of God, and which figures dcf later paifed the Gentile Temples ?p*g-5') Section V. Give the Second Coming of the World. (What patriarchs were they, and what faith did they call those who flourished in it? Of the Sacrifice of Noah. If the Altjr.ef was in the same place, as the Holocaust in the Temple of lerufalcn ?) Section VI. Of the Third Age of the World (The Patriarchs refer to it as they flourished in it): and I tried it as in the place where Abraham built the altar (to aerate his son, in the same faith I build the altar of the Holocaust in the Temple of Lerufalc. Section VII. Of the Fourth Age of the World? (Llamafe de los Iuez, because the Princes, who governed the People of God in it, had an epochal name and offiJo. The Temple of God was then portable in all femejance to the Temple of leru-falcn. pag.8;} Section VIII. Of the death of the strong and worthless Samfon (If faith I kill lawfully ? If the Captains of the Galleons can set fire to the_" tinderbox, when faith is seen to be lost? If in feme-jante&cafos it is efficacious the faith of the Preterintentionality of the ados ? pag.gS) Section IX. From the Fifth Age of the World (Difputafe of Solomon, who was the one who erected the fumptuoliflimo andcelebradiífimo Temple of lerufalcn . Of the division of the Hebrew King into ludios and Ifraeliras. Of the princes that each king had; and who of them cnriquezicron, and who stole, and who facrihgamentc desecrated the Temple From the Division of the Hebrew King . p. 11. ARTICVLOI. From the Civil Architecture, as far as the Temple of Lerufalco is concerned, it proves that the Faculty has always been a place for Princes, Kings and Emperors. That not Order of the Treaties, No Tolo efte Mundo is a great Temple, whose Author and Architeclo was God, and that of Saloman ledibuxo was Mjgefiad can be Divine Hand, and 1c iluftro and explained with Commcntarios, that the spheri-bio "and faith gave them to Moyfes, and later to David, because of them faith governs Salomen. pag. i y. ARTICLE III. DeíArte , y Archite¿lura_" Militar, as far as the Sacred Letters are concerned, and in particular the Temple of Icru-falco. (Prove to him that the first place that faith fortified with Soldier's Prefidium, was the Paraifo; as there are those Exercise numerals. As the General and Emperor > who governs them, Eft Dominta Saba-t>lh.) (Examinafe, fi hauria guerras y diíenfiones en el Mundo, fi los Hombres fe dexafíen gobernar por los Preceptos, que en la Ley natural y Derechos Humanos preferibe la lufiieia yRazon_". Page 19-) . (Proveafe, that the Art, and Military Architecture is very old . pag.xg.) z Perfuadefe riiy clearly 5 that though all Men were "Jews" and "faith" they should rule "by many laws, hardships, laws, and wars in the World".^a^.2 1.) ARTICLE IV. Of the Temple of Lerufa-len . Divide it into fus members, and measure, and deferi-be each one very particularly./>4g. 2 2. Section I. By Jos Montes Moria> Stotb and mintis 'uidebit. How do they diffuse faith between fi? They were rodos unamifma montana divided into diverfas hills. p.23. Section II. Of the Subfiruction, or Wall, with which faith adorned and poured out every effectual mount. It was a work more fumptuous and co-loving than the whole of the building above. Section 111. Of the Ark, or Plan, which faith made upon the Mount, to build the Temple. It was a work that required the powers of a great King, to make Joshua tall, and short of a hyperbole, defarJed, and poorly formed mountain. Section. IV. Of the outer bands ^.2 5. The faith efflorescence changes with time, and the first and second temples are not suitable for them./>4f.2 y. Section V. If those on the South side, and the other three were in the same way. Section VI. The Porticoes Columns. Ponefe fus medidas: compararle con las otras dei Templo: y refuelvefe , que todas fueron de una." mifma manera .pag.26. Section VIL of the outer doors, which had the Porticos. Difputafe of the proportion, which had in them the width, and height. And it proves that it is kept today by the Architeettos.pag.2y. Secc jon HIV. Of the ornamental mifmas of pigs . Examine, fi the Cornija of Fafiigio or Easel faith known and pouf in work in the Temple of Solomon ? page 23.} Section IX. Of the Towers. Quantas htivo in the Porticos and, fi ve in the interior building as many others, which correfpo rt him. Section X. If faith is to obey the laws of the Architechture, then the laws of the Architechture must be obeyed. As in all the faculties, necessity is stronger than laws, and even in architecture the rules and precepts are more important than they are, when by virtue of their circumstance faith can be kept. Move also other times in this difficulty, and refuel in the same way. Section XL On the southern side of the upper and lower portico. It seems that, even though lower portico had three palaeus, and four orders of Colunasrel from above, it did not have a fine one, that faith formed of diffracted Colunas in twoorde-ties.p.29. Section XII. Of the Inner Building. Llamafc afi the one who in the middle of the Porticoes raised^, /4£-2 9. Section XIII. From the first courtyard of the building... Refiecefe as Ic called: and I explained what it was all about, page 30. Section XIV. From the Synedrio. What was it? Where did he choose? And of how many Senators did he compose? In the way that he had faith in the promotion of those who admitted to the Supreme Senate? page 3 r. Section XV. Of the four halls, which were cited in the corners of the mifmoPatio. What were they about? What was the name of their faith? and they cited "covered"^p.31. Section XVI. From the Solio Real. Of what matter he trusted ? fi was portable ? and fi once ai Supreme Priest fervia í pag-31. Section XVII. Of the fifteen tiers. Can-tabanfe in them the Pfalmos, who today are fed up with the name Graduales.pag. 31. Section XVIII. From the Inner Courtyard. Explain faith fus names. Because I was Puerta Fe called Porta Rrea. If it was metal was the one they call Corin-thio? When and why did the world become attached to metal? If it was in the time of King Solomon, 2. Section XIX. Of the Doors, which had a patio. How many were there, and what were their names-./ag.31 Section XX. From the Yard of the Ifraelites. Because faith I call afi ? Who were those that faith call Viri fiantes in the Holy Letters ?pag.3 3. Section XXL DeelThrono Real. Dondo eítaba ? and that Kings, faith females in ?pag.33-. Section XXIL of the Ark of Oblations. How was it ? what was it about ? and when faith poufed - pag>3^ Section XXILI. Of the Tribune of the Levites". If the Priests entered, and sang in it_" P<*g3 4-, Section XXIV. From the Courtyard of the Priests . Put in fus fus measures. Referred to as in the dedication of the Temple by fer gran numero el de las vióiimas, huvo de fetvir, llenandofe de diver-fos Altares./^ 5. Articles*. and Sections ,. &c. Section XXV. Of Solomon's Reclinatory . Nofervia de nada., perofeconfervaba por memoria.^ 35. Section XXVI. Of the Holocaust Altar. Tratafe de fu- matter: and fu greatness faith puts with curiofity - />4£7 y. Section XXVII. From the Bronze Sea. 3 6 Because, in Fu Definitions, it puts the Sacred Text - the ratio of the Diameter to the Circumference, as r.a.j. which is the vulgar Opinion, and not precisely the Mathematical Truth, the Co-pernicans want to make a deefte place argument to prove that the Earth moves. Hazcfcdemon-flracion that does not favor them efte place; r Paffafeadante; and because all the Heretics of our time fon Iconomachos (enemies declared against elbow genus of Sacred Images) perfuadefe, that with eff eff effecient place is convinced fu error, no folo de faifo, fino dé fer un de-fatino, that lacks all appearance of Probability . Section XXVIII. Of the. Candlesticks.. There is a great variety among the Expofitores in fu numero-y difpoficion. p.39. Section XXIX: From the Hall, which he quoted in front of the Temple of great ornamentation: and by the elf Quiph Herodcs, who bellows in the fuyo, greater than it had been in the one of SJomon. 40. Secci anXXX.D? the colunas,q;eftaban d Jante de el Tcplo.r. Difputafe también de ellas-muy de efpacio 7 rar.j ./'ar/.z.arz.5./¿t£-44-Ponen-fe dos necesífarias Advertencias pag-45.7.47; Re-fierefe la fentencia del P.Villalpas'.do 7^. 48.-La~* of Nicholas of Lyrapag^9. later I want to imitate the Emperor Gaius Caligula profane effte Sanio Lugar. pag.- 51. Refien fe mas defpacio lí-Htftoriade Caligula.Trat. Art. 2. page 4 6. Section XLlII. Of the roof of the Temple of Jeruíalcn. By special providence, because the water that rains from the Cieloni does not harm the birds, the pudielfen enfuetan pag 51. ARTICLE V. Ree-dificole Z.irobabel in Monarchia Perfian by license of Cyro : he intended to erect another one in another-, part Mánafics in Monarchia Griega by Alexandro; refiaurole Heredes in Monarchi j Romana by license of the Emperors. Titus's Soldiers defeated him, and he is never to be rebuilt. Ssccion I. Of the Real and Miphthic Man: as in both the East and the West: for they are born, and because they are expired and mortal, they perish (From the mif rabies that you had Monarchia-Chaldea, and as I stick the Persian; From the first Emperor who was Cyrus, who gave freedom to the captive Hebrews and license to restore. the Temple of God in Icrufalen/af.j 2.) Section 11. From Ja Monarchia da Perlas, and the Restoration of the Temple of Lerufalen . If I have Monarchia de Mcdos ? y., fi la huvo, because I do not have faith in the otherfyuf. 54.. Section 111.' Of the Greek Monarchy ; and of the attempted, but not executed, translation of the Temple of lerufalen-. Alexandre came to lerufalen; (he aired the true God in the Temple. He granted the Luddites, what privileges they asked him, and the Pharisee Minafles permission to build another temple in competition with the one in Lerufalen",. Section IV. From the Temple of Herodés . It was not the third temple, but a fine restoration of the second. Re- Order of the Treaties, Rrfierefe fu vida, y como pereció toda fu defccn-dencia. p.56. Section V. How and when the Temple of Ferufalen was demolished? Nolo ordered Titus to be burned: but the infolence of fus Soldiers turned him into Ash. ^^.57. Section VI, Explain what song the Author has had to differ so in particular from the Temple of Icrufalcn. It seems that he had to measure, and d¡-buxar with curiofidad and cuydado by haver fido the first Building, of good Archite¿lura, that has had the World - pag.3 7* Section VII. What ruins have been left of the Temple of Solomon, or of Zerubbabel? I do not fold from the Temple, but neither from the Mount" nor from the valleys in memory. p. 57. HIV section. If ever, including in future leagues, faith is to restore or build the Temple of Icrufalcn? The Ludi have tried to do so many times, and with greater afflictions in the time of the Emperor Julian Aportara. But God, who does not want it, has always prevented the Temple from being restored. TREATY I. In which they propose and explain with brevity and clarity all the Literary Faculties, which has to faber and excruciate an Archiredo. ARTICLE I. Compare the letters and the letters: and examine which have to be done in Ja Ar-chireduta? ARTICLE II. Because faith has effected in Romance efe book . pag. 1. ARTICLE III. Prove to yourself that, as Virruvius says, all the sciences have convexity and they give you their hands between their hands. Explain what an Arch-Refert must do with perfection ? page 4. ARTICLE IV. Because the Letters of Faith call 'Elements ? page 6. ARTICLE V. Of Orthography-. whose perfection confirms that the hand was holding the letters that the language pronounces. p. 7. ARTICLE VI. On Calography. What faith is there in choosing good proportions so that the letters are very hermetic? ARTICLE VH. From the Eftegaaographia-,. Who was the author, and how was he unjustly accredited by her? p. 10. If the books of Abbot Luano Triihemio were good and useful, faith could have forbidden them, because they were not understood? Examínatefi citen vedados . pag. 11. Explain some voices that at first glance seem worthy of praise to those who read the books of Ertegariographia ? page 15. Give the voice Efpirltu^ which means in different Sciences ? page i 5. What are the ligatures or cfpirits, oCha-ra¡ft easily. ARTICLE VIII. It also contains a new and easy way to make Cubic Rayzes with clarity and fa-city. p . 50. ART7CVLO IX. Negative numbers . What a tail fon and what a ufo they have in the Arichmctica. M- 5 2- TREATY III. In what faith does Logariihmica: Arte Nueva, born in our figure, in which the most difficult beads, before being made, are made? ?a¿- 54» What Art she has; as appropriate, and who was the Inventor. p. 5 6. ARTICLE I. Explain h first Table_> which is the Centenary , and prove, that all Jas of the numbers arfij des are born from it ? page 58. ARTICLE II. Of the Sixty-Year Tables, which faith was to be placed in the books of Agronomy . [They had many imperfections in the Ancient ones. The original vine! And fair imperfect, d< xarc(las,y will return to print the first ones.] p. 61. ARTICLE 71/. Explain your Second and Third Tables, and prove that from them the same Artificial Tables are born. p. 63. ARTICLE IV. Exdicafe h Table IV. whose Title is Logarithmict Chillas .pag 64. Rule l. Multiply one number by another -p. 64 . Rule 11. Dividing one number by another, p.64. [The two R'gbs, which are very angry and difficult in common Arirhmetica, in Logistic faith, are very easily refueled. ] Rule 111. He calls you of Three. For three Numbers face tegu. Rule IV. Between two numbers, mark one, two, three, &c. proportional means, Rule V. Given two numbers make a Third, Qtiarro, Fifth, &c. proportional, p. 65. Rule VI. For Cacar Rayzes Quadradas.P^6. Rule Vile. To make the Rayzes Ctibicas./>.66. ARTICLE V. Explain Table V. and briefly summarize Trigonometry. Of the Reclining Rectangles . p. 68. Délos Reftilineosoblicuángulos. pag. 69. From the Ephphrimian Triangles. p. 70. ARTICLE VI. On the Compacts of qua- three spikes. Refnelvenfe con ellos todis las Que-ftiones Geométricas, que nos irían con muchos números y fupntitacion s . pag 70. COMBINATIONS. It is a prologue to see how the variety of a few fiefdoms multiplies and mixes differently between fi. Defiej foundation faque in the Metametuca, that few verses reduced to a Proteus faith multiply so much, that in the long run would occupy entire Bibliothecas: and so that they sign here to the ingenious one" ArchiteClo, the Combination of 24. cotes ( tean the Letters of the Alphabet, íi quifieres ) I put you aqni . pag. 72. To make it easier to calculate, they add five tables, which appear immeditately. L1 First, which I call Centenary, is the quo commonly told by the Mephà of Py:h igoras, and it will do every day all that for the itxagenanas was to make the Math^matics with less ease and clarity. The second one, is from the Rayzes Quadradas and Cubicas. It puts in the first Rotuna tes R iyzes" in the second fus Quadtados and in the third íus Cubos. The third one proceeds totally on the contrary, because it puts in the first column the num ro : and fu Rayz Quadrada in the second, and fu Raya Cubica in the Third. The Fourth Faith calls Chillas Logarithtnoruvs, because in it a thousand N itacates are dyed with artificial numbers. The Q.'inta is of Breasts, Tangents, and Secants; and of the artificial numbers, which lecorref-pondun, which is commonly called Log.inth-mos,Mcfologarirhmos, and Tomolog uithmos. TREATY IV. Give the Geometry f It is art so nccffiiria to the Philotephos, that Pljron not qu rii admit in lü Eteuel 1, a qn1' n not te fnpieíte . pag. r. ARTICLE I. P;opponent v explain the D fi"tions. Confi kn for the greatest pyrre in the explanation of the T.rmtems, that as it is Dt cla-ration of the words does not idmire diffpura any [ It has not (gone menefi r them Definitions ( and mifmodire of the Pctitions,P> principles Per fe vows ?> and Propofitions) fabrics putting in pretend, because fon many, and they will find you together, and with_" brevity explained in the Play , that I quote. p^.2. ARTICLEII. From the Geometrical Petitions, (called affi Jos rights that a Geometrician has to draw lines so that no faith can" eílorvar . ) p. 16. (Some philosophers question the clearest principles of geometry, because they cannot defend from another power that can "God produce an immense body or an infinite multitude, but they are replied to by the Gometras, who deny that which is true to defend that which is doubtful. -1AR- Order of the Treaties, ARTICLE IV. About the points. If there are? What is it? Do you have to admit them in Geometry? Call a point an entity that does not divide faith. Ditíribnycfe in Negative and Pofitivo, Phyfico, Metaphyficoy Mathematico . pag. 2 1. ART/CVLO V. Of the lines in common and in particular, page 25. ARTICLE V/. Of the Angles. What is the species and what are their measurements. p. 30. ARTICLE Vi/. Of Surfaces and Flat Figures that differ in them . W 3 3- Compare between fi the Arches, Radii, and Perpendiculars of the Figures that have many angles. Compare also between the sides and surfaces of the mifmas Figuras Polygonias . My-45- Treat the figures in such a way as to reduce the angles (in Latin Figur¿ eminentium Angrila- rum fe call. ) p. 44. Delineate and measure the Irregulars . p. 44. ARTICLE HIV. Of the Solid Bodies and Reftilinears. p. 46. ARTICLE IX. On the Transfiguration of_> the Rcdilineal Figures . page 51. ARTICLE X. From the Qpadrature of the Circle (It seems that faith has been deflected, what? is polfible). And it seems that efta mifma demon-tion faith knocks down . ) pg. 5 3. ARTICLE XI. Of Mixed Solids . Midefeel Cylinder , the Hemifpherium , the Pyrami-de Entera, the Rota, a Voveda Followed, another of Tortuga, page 61. ARTICLE XII. Transfiguration Logarith-mica of the Platonic Bodies. (Llamanfe_" affi los Reítilineos Regulares ,. which faith can in-feribir in a Globe and explaining them by Loga-rithmos faith reduce to great ease . pag. 66. VOLUME IL The first of these is the Treatise on the Faith of the Architech, which is a book that is written by the Architech, and the second is the Treatise on the Faith of the Qtity. Second. TREATY V. Difputafe in that of Architedlura Reda : and faith is divided into two parts; in the first faith they refuel common controversies, which belong to Science : in the second faith it deals very particularly with fu object explaining all fusílancias. PART I. From the Architechture in common . Alberto wants, that in Latin faith call Aed¡ficatoria> because it is Art of building) P*g- 2. ARTICLE I. How noble and ugly is the Architect-Priest? page 2. Refoondefe a los Emulos deíla Ciencia, y probafe que no Ies faborece Marcial. pag. 3. ARTICLE I!. Del Fin, that in fus obras mira la Architedura ( The one of the Work and the one of the Operator fuelen fer different . That of the Architechture in fu Obras is Comfort, Eternity, and Hermofura : but in Ja intention of fus first Architedos huvo de fer the knowledge and wing-bank of God . ) p. 5. ARTICLE III. Of the qualities that an Architect must have (He who paints a perfect Prince, Orator, or Master, &c. does not say that there is such a man in the world, but that he is a huvicurist, with that perfect fairground genre. ) par. 3. ARTICVLO/V. If the Architette moder Do the Ancients have an obligation to imitate and follow us? It is a common belief: that even though it is a question of science, faith can understand how many there are). ARTICLE V. From the beginning and progrefib of the Architechture (All the big coffers are small at the beginning) p. 11. Which rooms are better; those that move, or those that are always in the same place? They are of the mifmo to seem some People of the Arabia . All those of more nations link the opposite phenomenon. That City was the first 'ra, in which faith made brick fus cafes. ( Aluci.ianfe the Greeks trying to invent bricks. ) pag. Of the paxifaistic cafes and choffas that did not fojamente fe ufaron in paífidos figlos, fine also today íe build in diverfos places . pag.ij. Give them texts. If in ancient times they were plains, and if many provinces are today, I am a forum for them (see what Article X. of the VI. Treaty will say about this), page 16. Were the palaces of the Kings and Princes made of Jodo wood or tapias in ancient times? ARTICLE VI. Defining the Rufik Mageftad of the Palace of the Cacique Comogro on the Island of Efpañola. p. 19. How high are the trees born in America? ARIIG. VIL De las Ciudades, q; there is in it and Articles, and Sections, &c. and in particular the one they call Hochelaga, one of the best in the new France. ARTICLE VIII. Of the Palaces and Cafes of the Colchide, which is in Latin Iberia, and in Spanish Mengrilla .pag.24. ARTICLE IX. The CafosyOccafos.For-tunas and Infortunes, which in Europe and Aphia the Ar-chitedura has suffered . ARTICLE X. It proves that the first palaces were made of wood, and today they are made of trunks, chariots and boards that represent the stones (hence the fact that the Architects have to teprefy the figures of the chariots and wood with marble. )/><»£• 26. PART 11. Of the Renota ArchitCture in particular. And I am choosing in-" each one what seems to me to be better )pag jo. From the Elements of Architecture (Llama-fe afli los Cortes (imples of Jas stones, of which the Delincations are composed. ) p. 30. ARTICLE I. Of the Colimas in common.,. Which means the voice Colima itself, /because faith calls afli ?pag-3 i" From the variety of the Architectural Orders, and from where they originated. ARTICLE III. Of the principal parts, which faith is to be confided in the colunas./'u^'.j 5. Delascolunas adorned ,and which part fo conflict .pag.35. Of the colimas dcfnudas ,and of fus fus partes eflen-ciales. p. 38. ARTICLE IV. Orders and Genres of the Colimas .pg.42. Of the Nets, which faith delineates and puts in Itu, first Lamina of each Order.p.43. Of the great variety of fentencias eru, all genre of Archiredura. p.43. ARTICLE V. Of the Tyrant Order, which, because it was fervent in the Temple of Solomon, can be called Hieropholymitan. Mg.44. ARTICLE VI. Of the Ord-n Tofcano. What are its measures, and why do I call it "Afli"? p. 50. ARTICLE VII. Of the Doric Order. Po-nefe fu Origen y dedaranfe fus medidas, pag. 54* . If the Dorian Columns in early fus were all defalcated, page 56. Why do the Metopas put defeated bulls' heads? If faith can change the summit, even if it prefers to put other tails? ^g. 5 7- ARTICLE HIV. Of the lonian order. From which it received its name and principle ? p. 58. General Doctrine of the Delinquency of the Volutes . page 59. Question G.*: Because Vitruvius measuring and delineating the runs of other stones very particularly, does not deal here, although it is the first place, with 1.2 delineation of the Volute, fine faith refers to the Last book I ever read. Page 60. General Dotrine that faith must be obeyed in all the Ionic Colunae, p. 6x. Midcfe the height of the Chapitels of the mif-mas Colunas. p. 62. A common oblation and I would need faith to put the Raffles in their place before drawing the Volute. p. 62. Tirvfe and I divided the line that the Architects call Catheto . page 6 2. Voluta I. - Form him over two points and differs by femicicles. pg. 62. Volute II. Formafe fobre feys puntos, corro por femicirculos y es la que en fu Architedura^ enfeña Serlio . pag. 6j. Proceed with more speed because I turn in more points, and run in quadrant circles, page 63. Volute IV. Although it also differs from the Quadrantes, it is a different story from the Palliative, because it puts the firm foot of the Compass in different places. pg. 63 . Volute V. It is very common today, although in., my Opinion is not without error to put the Center of the Rofa fobre the cordon fuperior of the Coluna . It also proceeds by Quadrants as the two palliated . p. 64. Volute VI. Correct the error that inlapaff.idi obfervo faith and run by different way . pag. 64. Voluta Vil. Not bad even though it is made by Ccfar Olio. Niccolò G< Idmanno, who is the one who drew it up, wants to persuade us that Vitruvius had it, and he is willing to try it for a long time, page 65. V'luta HIV. It's hinnofa and curiofa. She was invented by Cefar Ofioa, who owes many good works to the Archbishop. Volute IX. She gives more budras, than all the others, and not because of the elf she is more hermofa. ) p. 66. Voluta X. It enters by a funny way, and with figuc, a little more or m 'nos, what the previous ones. p. 66, Volute XI. All those who, here, have faith, have (gone epirals composed of femicircles or parts of circuits; she proceeds by lines of ropes, and. for being new and never vifta, the curioph Architefto. p. 67. Volute XII. It has more ornamentation than the others':: and faith owes to the Ingenuity, Compass and Brush of Michael Angelo Buonarota, and effta puefta in obraj in the Capitol of Rome. p. 67. Volute Xlll. and XIV. The Pulvinos of the palliated in small form not fon beautiful: they seem bad in form gtande, corrigcnfe in the Voluta XIII. and because it does not seem, that it is fufficiente that correction, in the XIV. totally faith remove . pag. <¡7- VolutaXIV. It is very hermetic, and I would put it into practice if your vicinity were occafioa, page 67. Volute XV. Formulate a fobic coil> ** 2un Order of the Treaties, nn compass that faith is closing little by little. ( He invented Dürer > and I delineate him in the Lamina." HIV.) ^4g.67. Voluta XV/. Es ova! (And truly no faith was to be put into any other work, because the Ionian Columns usually give you the Dorian ones as fobtc: and aífi fus Volutas , (i fon Efphericas miradas defde abaxo, they seem lenticular; and aífi pa-raque parcfcan redondas, es mcnefier queteatij Ellípticas.) p.68. Volute XVIL It is very irregular (Angular flame, because I work to put you in an angle of a claullroy). it is not hermofa and sharp put other ways, which must have the Ionic Columns in buildings. jpag.68. ARTICVLO /X. From the Order Corinthio.Pin-tanfe fus partes y medidas. pag.69. As a faith it has to form fu Chapitel fe dibuxa_, with lines Lamina XLV. and XLVIII. His baffles are as curious as his faith is, with lines XLVI and XLVII. (Vitruvius commands that the fundamentals of art should not be put on the back of the teeth, which, as the lines of gas in no building made of wood, put a roof over the other.* But the Archbishop, who outlined and built the Temple of Vulcan, defied the law, and poufed a hermetic Cornixon, which was praised by all those who ignore the Precepts of Art: as faith sees in Lamina XL1V). ARTICLE X. Of the Order Compaeílo (Ila-mafe aífi for mefclar the Doric with the Corinthian. I could at times put triglyphs and metopes in fus cornixes, but the ufo has prevailed, and aífi lo Dorico has no logaren fu Compoficion. Vcá-fe the XLIX plates. L. LI. LU. LUI. LIV. LV. LVl.^pag.72. ARTICLE XI. Of the Arctic Order (Sifte-ma Architeófonico is a Computer of all the Orders of the Columns: and aífi the name of Arctic means a fyftcma , that a particular Order. The Athcnienfcs and all the common Achaia (which efflorescence are called Arctic) of the Square Columns , when all other Greeks turned with ingenuity theirs . Yaifi as the round ones in different lands had different proportions, aífi also could have the Square ones) p^g-j^. ARTICLE XII. Of e! Goibic Order (one in fus-pillars, a multitude of slim columns, some square, others round, and all femipe-nerrada between fi. I have seen in small some beautiful works, but they do not turn out to be great, as you can see in the churches of Milan, Salamanca, and Seville. ARTICLE XIII. Of! Order mofiiyco.fWith the name "cofa" the name seems ancient, because Moytes is; but as in the time of Solomon in Palcfiina, and in the time of the first Greek Ar-cbitcels, and even in the time of Vitruvius and other ancient Latins, I do not believe that the name "cofa" was a "cofa". da defie genero de Colunas, fe debe tener por cierto, que fon nuevas , pero fi fe hazcn bien fon muy hermofas . ) pag.p^. ARTICLE XIV. Of the Atlantic Order (they imitated the first Columns, and had as many diameters in height as a human body has feet: but then, by chance, human or other animal cftaruas polished the Architeds instead of Columns . call them Telamones, or Arlantes , and formant as very menteral and strong Giants, and faith put, usually instead of Tofcanas or Doricas in the lower fair of the Columns . )page 76- ARTICLE XV. Of the Paranymphic Order (They have been born in our age efias colunas > porq; some Engineers Artífices wanting them to put of work but delicate fobre the Corinthías or Floodgates, formed Nymphas, poured very lightly, that with fus arms, or heads fuflentaíRn lacornixa my high. ) pag.~¡<). ARTICLE XVI. As in the Architekten there has been, and always has been, a remarkable variety of opinions (in the coffers, which depend not on natural principles, but on the individual guilds, it is not possible that there be uniformity and universality), I trust: and for this reason it seemed necessary to me to add an article, putting in the different measures, which were approved by Architcktes Infigtics, in a different way and with different intentions. )^ag.8o. ART/CVLO XVII. In what kind of faith do you want to use each kind of colunae? (Vitruvius wants them to provide faith to the "greatness and strength of the Fus Dei. Apprucbvj efia tentencia Serlio: and like a good Chriftian, he relies on the strength of the Martyrs, the patience^ of the Confessors, the beauty and beauty of the Virgins &c. and legon eftas coníideracioncs governs you in the distribution of the Orders. But I do not find any foundation, I who believe that the ephah of the doctrine is to be supported; and so the prudent Architect must look so closely at the stone, which is given to him to work, and at the garments, which the Prince wants to make, that he commands a building to be erected; For here, in Lom-bardia, we have two kinds of irai moles, the one so hard, that it is not suitable for making Corinthian spires, or other curious works; and the other so expensive, that it is fair to have the forum part of some great palace. )pag-8s- CN OTA. My main attempt, in the year of M DC XXX, was to produce a book by the Architekten Obliqua, not by the Qtial No H.I warmly hope that I will be able to do so, but as all mourning measures of Ja Reda's birth, I was forced to explain it also with Ja curioíidad that I could and Itipc: and seeing, that end Arithmcrica and Geometry and other Liberal Arts enters blindly a man to a-learn Science, I wrote the first volume, where I deal briefly and diffrently of the Arres and Faculties, in which the Architcktera founds you. Brief and diffuse I say, because as I do not- das Articles, and Sections, 8¿c; FAS FON Equally NECEFIARY, in some m ? seemed, that he danced pointing folo fus Com¡uñones > and in others judge ?> that it was neccfario to explain them carefully, facandolas of fus foundations . I try therefore in efie Volume of ¡a Architeótura Obli-qua: and because I defeo, that l'Archncvto, that I form , falga perfedo in todogcneiode good-letters, I add some Arts , that although not fon¿, nectOarias fon useful to hazcrle cxcellente , í¡guendo in efio to Vitruvio , that defeo that they do not ignore them fus Di fe ¡pidos. . TR A TA DO VI . In what faith does the A re hi reciura Obliqua focus. If I have faith in Bolivia to print the Libyan text, I will try some more difficult Punks, <]"ia Sapter.t-.bus r infipteniibus debitares [ballot boxes; but now, since I have good Geometers, I will not try the Conclusions, which I have found in Treaty IV. ARTICLE I. What is ugly about the Architcdura Obliqua ? page 2. ARTICLE* II. Explanation of seniority. Yes. in the Temple of Solomon I have the Obh'quas doors and windows ? page 3, ARTICLE III. On Ichnographia or Scio-graphia . If there are pencil inserts or mistakes in Vitruvio's transfers ? page 4- From the Effects of Obliquity ( Vna is Rcéhlinea, another Elpherica: and that in Inclination, and Declination faith fubdivide . pag. 5. ARTICLE IV. How are the R citations in the Oblique Delinquencies ? The Balloons palliate Elipfes; they palliate Imperhites Ovals, the Qua-dradospalEin obhquangles, and all rvxas or faith ties must alter fegun the obliquity that_? they have, page 6. ARTICLE V. What are the errors in the Columns of the Chapel, in which faith the Emperor Confianrino baptized? (No.cs new appointment Chapel, although fus ornaments loparcccn, because eftan crafty of pieces and pieces Tacados de Jas rumas de oíros, fallen or dernv.rdos buildings. That the Pacn'archalcs Churches of Rome, not dexm de fer very old, although every day they are adorned by different Supreme Pontiffs). ARTICLE VI. What is the figure of the baffles and the columns that polish faith in a circular building? (All think and say that they must be square, and they are square: and in cf-te Article faith makes clear and evident d.monlira-cion, that all will err. That Jas bafes must degenerate into another form and must be made a part of the Ichno-graphia of the Columns , ARTICLE V//. What form shall the Baffles and the Columns take, which shall be placed in the place of the little faith (they shall draw in such a way that the vif-ta placed in the centre shall judge, that they shall all sound equal), and for the faith shall make an Equaate, in which all the feminine Columns between the fi, and the litando.dcf of the Centre by the imagined Columns in the Equantc, grey lines, faith shall find the cuts of the baffles, which must have fasunas, that efftovieren in the Circumference of theEliip-fe .) pag. i.t. AR T/CVLO VIIL How are the mif-mas bafes and Colimas to be made, fi el Perifiylio huviere d-o to have three ships and four the Cotanas? (I put in eftas Figuras the center very close to the arch, not because; afii k has to put in a thea-to linen because my attempt is that faith perceives b;cn_" Ja diferencia con la villa ; que en nn rheatro grade aunque no fea canta, ha de fer forzofameate alguna .) pag. 12. ARTICLE IX. Of the Inclined Surface. (Mania of knowing necessarily those who work_> buildings of Architc&ui to Reéhi, because in them there are many futios, that faith incline . ARTICLE X. Give it < o¡ nixa angulata or circular. (Covered with feurjant.s cornixes the windows and doors are the Artifices that bind the common do-trina, and for not coring in Lis foundations of the obliquity, cometteu in cito mu, hus. yerros . Know well the fourth lamina, and believe with the h that delinquent or the Patrian of Aquileia_" Daniel Barbarian, and you will see evidently, as the Lord Patriarch did, the foundations of Obliquity, because in all that figure there is no line that is well drawn, page 14. The cornices of faith are called in Latin Fa^igia.) fe_, they used to put in the fonrifpicios of the temples, not elsewhere; but lulio Ccfar, still? that Jaramente never takes away from the fact that God has the egg, that they touched defpucs no po".The Fucceforrs were gone, in order to make it clear that he had a "gentle lightning bolt of divinity", so that the frontispiece of the new palace in Rome was like the Temples had it, page 16. ARTICLE XI. Of the Efcaleras (it is one of the most important parts of a palace, yes, that is in disproportion to the size of the building), the one in Ñapóles is too big and in other parts I have found some that are too small. ) p. 17. They run in different ways: and the common and chimada snails in some Provinces, come to fail in others. In Rome there are two Columns, that of Trajan and that of Antoninus, which are very high and, in fact, I had to go through a snail, which runs through them, page 18. ARTICLE XII. Of the Balauflres and Colunas obliquas, with which faith they were to adorn the Efca-leras. (She erred, as much in efie gender faith finds in cafi all the Palaces of Europe: and attrc-vcria.afl gurar, that ©íle mifmo yerro le comettio and in faith Vitruvio, because what the wedges say, that faith they put.In the Efcaleras, even though it may have another meaning, it seems that the word "Ef" means those triangular pyramids, which are placed on top of the Chapitel; and faith is called, in good Cafiellano, "Zoquetes". The stairs usually have two different obli- quida- Order of the Treaties, The reason why they sometimes go in a bow and arrow is that they ask for more caution and ingenuity, and because both boxes are missing, there is a mistake in them. ARTICLE XHI. Of the Red Arches, and Obliques. (Explains the difference between them, and gives an easy way to be able to have an Architedo all the stones with fuscule cuts, angles and proportions.) pag-2 7* ARTICLE XIV. Give the Diminution of the Columns (She is one of the Delinquencies, which refers to Vitruvius in the last book, which never was issued. He explained it in ephah, a very prophetic article, because it deserves to be well understood and reduced to true terms of good geometry. The first is because Vi-truvius, who commonly signifies fus difcipulos, which faith must diminish, because it is a gift to life, in which the diñantes cofas fedifminuyen. The first thing to be done is to make sure that the number of people in the world is not too high, and that the number of people in the world is not too low. The second does not answer, fi does not refer us to the eleventh book, which remained in the inkwell)/^. 2 *. How many more cranes have to go down than up to the top of the mifmas? Different sentences are referred to. I propose the real one founded eu_> Geometrical Demonstration. pAg.24. Different opinions and rules about the Diminution mode. Vanfe proposing fucce-ffivamente fíete diverfas Sentences . pag^s- Give Ofio and Chales the praise they deserve. . . Prucbafe, who missed Vitruvius on the rise, which puts in the belly of the mifmas Colunas. p. 3o-- As a matter of fact, the lines of the Diminution must be thrown to make angles ?pag-3 2. If in the hills of the Temple of Solomon we had a reduction of ?33. If Pcdeftals can or should have Diminution ? pw.34. ARTICLE XV. The Ephtriae Channels of the Columns (Explain the difference between Ephtriae and Ephtriges. Treat of the number of the channels, of fu depth and figure, pag. 34. How faith should Ephtria be delineated in oblique colunae ? page 3 If the hills of Solomon's Temple were efftrated ?pg. 36. ARTICLE XVI. On the doors of Palaces and Temples. [It is necessary to provide with the ma-geftad of the building, because a mifma door, which in a small big fair > in a big or expanded faith would be considered small) pag- 36. ARTICLE XVII. How are the keys to a great Monaftcrio or Palace to be held ? Where there are many doors there must be many keys, and Every crowd of people has a great confusion, and to remedy this, I propose a Monaftcrio or Palace, with two Cloisters, which have "coredores" or lycos and eight or ten doors in each one, and they diffuse and outline the keys, so that he who receives one, so foolish as to look at it, must definitely follow the corridor, and the appointment where he has to go. Of the keys M elras. May they be formed as faith, and may they boil.Q74g.39. VILLA TREATY I have focused on some Arts and Sciences, which accompany and adorn the Architecture. Refpoqdcfe a. those who want to fit in because faith differs from so many Faculties and Sciences in effect Treatise that is the last of our Architecture. pag.^ o. ARTICLE I. On Painting. fc.y.41. Examine, the faith deceives Virgil, when he puts Painters in Carthage in the time of Dido and Aeneas and he speaks more out of purpose when he commands that in the Temple, which Dido built, faith has painted the fire and miferus of Troy? Although there have been many excellent Painters of the Art of Painting, there have been very few. From the contest of Apelles and Protogcnes, if it is hiftoria fuccdida or penfada ? It proves that it was a second event, and we believe that it happened as Pliny refers to it. pag ^3. ARTICLE II. Of h Eftatuaria. Of the greatness of diverfos Cylindrical cast metal colophas. different Cities and Provinces of the World. ^^.4 6. They propose the measures, which must have tin_, human body, to be well-defined and hermo-ph . ^.47. ARTICLE III. Of Phyphiognomy (Po-nenfe dos diverfas): The first is that the face of the face should give the raftrea and reach the inclinations and operations of some Perfume; the other is that the operations should be known to have been performed by roilro; and the second is that it is necessary for a painter or ephthusiologist to paint a perfume that is not visible. )/>j£,48. ARTICLE IV. Of the Perfpcdiva (it seems to have been more refined in Italy than in Greece, since it has a Latin name, when the other arts do not have it) Sebaftian Serio writes very deliberately, and with much happiness of this science, he manages to explain it all in the second book of Architecture: and I wish he would tell me that he could make an architcode with what the curio says, because in a building the measurements must be set by a master builder, as they are, and not as the Pcrfpediva outlines them. And I do not say that this science is totally superfluous, because it is the one that governs some of the proposals in architecture, the ones that are poor in Fiknaccio Serlio, and because other great arrifi-ces make infinite mistakes by ignoring them. It is therefore necessary to Articles, and Sections, &c.