THE i DV TRAIT li TO PREVVES, OF MR DES A RG VE S Lyonno I For there Cup of Stones in Architecture, Tdr <* A. 2 O SS E, Cjraueur in Cut All this, from the Palace * to the Ro & e- Red, deuantla <& TegiJJèriefop * & * AT . PARIS, \ '' Pierre de sH's printing works Rue de la Harpe, at Roze Rouge ~ Mr. DC. XLIII. JAVEC r RIVILEGEt A BEFORE - P RO PO S. N what is Arts for handcuts, fi you want to hear them in the background, there are three dofffins- J 'cj J war on the other. La p reniiere, What you have, to fry. The second, The means of frtre. And the third, Of frying effettiuement. If you do not identify these things, you will understand fearfully in some place. . ^ '? What you have to choose, is either choice or obligation. The means of the fair come, or by dint of research by taunting, or by dint of reasoning fpr connoijfrnce. And the effediuemem fair, confifteen the adual operation of the hand. When what you have to fry is compulsory% ienevoypas that there is to elite> er. And when there is a choice, do not see that in order to foillibfement, there were still established established that inuio- lables, except that that which is agreeable to the other, & that in terms of pleasing fens, goufts 1 have merueilleufemenc different, & accouftumance to a fashion or to vnvfogeeftvne large room. . well, between the different goufts, there may be some oi "which seems to be authorized by time, & common to more a lot of people j And that with some railpn elpece you could say that it has to stop for the good, & that each each fe must study to acquire it by dint of imitating the those we esteem who poffed him: But there is much to think about there is no doubt about that, and nothing has been done to you maintain that point. Affecting the means of frying, which did not important parts of Art, those who come from research, by tapping neccllàirement neccllàirement heetsàeftre at fault, & nclçau- ^ must be fair or precise only by chance; & those who come AT t f Z of the roaring as connoiffance must be infallible *, or fi you want fair & precise. There are many chofes whose sniffing has not yet fçeu defcouurir mojens fulT precise to make them in- fallibly at the first try: And in this case it is very good for you- what to shun you means that you can have, but all will you be one of the closest to the prc- cifion what do fe can. There are other puffs alike whose sniffing has defcouuere mojens that make precise to do them infallibly at first- strike a blow; And in this case you are not forced to con- try (if you don't want) those who are not precise & precise. When to make some chofê there are two strong di- uerfes de mojens conneus, alcoir of those who make precise & those who do not yS / upas, you can do vn such eftat that it you will like those who do not make precise, but of some pre- text of which you wanted them to be executed or that they suffuse, or that they make the most familiar to the ouuriers, but never they should be comparable to those which make precise either in fa- cility that in iuftelfe, & in briefuete. Because by making you precise when there are, you will not at least that take care to put them cxa & cment to execu- tion to be affected that you will not have repaired after ragrcervoftre ouurage. Instead of forcing yourself from others, you are saying that all the more that you will practice them exa & ely, all the more your fencing will finally be far from being well done, and that the challenge fora is more fenfible in large than in small, so that you will not have a whimper to repair or repair, but you will you will still have to undo and redo, somehow. Between several infallible means of making a good choice fe, there are more ayfezles vns than the others to learn & to carry out, & these more ayfez there usually do the moreexpeditifsfor the donut. As for what is to be done effectively, in order to be able to do so well come to grips with it, you have to use it in a long time & exercise your hand, & with all this you will find that it is malaifé that the best puurder puiflè appearing to be a furding fi accomplished of all the parties that there is nothing to withdraw at all, except that the execution tion remains well at the top of the intelligence & would not leaking far away. If you find eftrangt what ic dy ^ will confide the principle of Geometry which carries that one should not draw a straight line nor make a perfect round, which make the two most simple furrows of art, 8c you will conclude with means that the means of doing eftc- etiune vne chofe, would not be too precise, & that Tou- The last thing that hurts the least, and the best. As far as I can see from M. Defàrgues, he does not muffle at all point of operating with your hand, & ie ncluy ay point or give set for the goujl, for the choice of forms that we call beautiful or not beautiful, nor for the proportions of their mefores, either than what we call inuention. luy ay ou ouy say that the fatisfa & ion of the eye in what : ft of these forms, afàraifon in nature, & that in this not more than other chofes of this efpece, the example is not vne ring loy: it would be better to be able to acquire this part you know something decaufe, that by imitation deftituée de rai- In short, as it turns out that the cover is established in > many places} & confirmed in the fens de pluficurs per- bells. The chofo for which ie Tay mainly or to speak, make he means shorten, & infallible to die a few ouurages i execution after we're done with what we want to do water is ugly: Yes you want it for the settled demonftra- iues from the effective practice of some Arts, some touching this juieftde (intuition he laifle augeniede Tournier. About which you will notice that other things affect these rules, our chofe ap make these settled when they are innuated, 8c other hofo again to squeeze put these settled to execution. And that W will have perfected these rules, and will understand them well ire to execute to the workers, who would not have to put them fez hands execution: Another person will have learned these rules ;, the polfedera iufques can have infringed & made execute, : would not have them innuated nor put them into execution: Çt u W another person is still doing it well but they should not have been innuated either. In order to be able to imitate the rules of vnArt practice, it .ut necefïaire * i can rifon the raifons, but it was not ne- hand it over in hand; & to make them happy, fout fçauoir lesflKtions of? Art t of ouuration, & de la ma- • To be able to learn these rules when they are inuated ^ neither the inuentcr, m eftrc ouurier by hand. : To put the content of these settled rules into effect, you must be current hand builder, & doesn’t need to be able -delesinucnter. Know the rifôn of the rules of the practice of art, & can be inuenter with befoin, and in my case what is called pofleder the theory of this Art, But I wouldn’t simply say, fi it’s to have after this S xegles all inuentees, or of the crusher to put into execution, that we hear by this ordinary word of practice. Ievoy although there are three chofes there yet to diltingue one on the other, & the first of which is the theory which gives rules of practice; the second woman do these women rules of practice, lefqudles we can say the Jilles of Theory: & latroifiefmeeft the current execution of Turning felon these settled, which is lower & smoking than the other two. the. do not intend to judge icy which of the three is preferable, or to have intuited the rules of the practice of art, & to execute} or deles auoir after memory & power violate; or to have them put into execution. Iepenfe that each of these chofes has its own value, & that .this is an ineffective way of wanting that which remains- the rules of the practice of art, was still abfblumcnt hand steward, & that one who has little aprendreeftans inuentées fuft still capable of inuenting & fçeuft to carry out, & that the one that currently exists fçeuft still inuenter. Whereas vneperfonnetrauaille well afïéz to inuentent these re- frozen & to have them executed at the occafions, fans let him go core give aie to put mefme to execution, & that Tou- to do well to learn to learn how to do it, (when it is still necessary to give the means to suggest them. It is true that a person could perfect the theory of a Art, by inuating the best rules of practice, by being excellent slow hand builder, & put them well to me to execute- tion: maiscelanefevoitquerarcmcnt. ® And if I must say my thought, i'eftime which ^ ffitbien que'ou- to cry out who worked with the hand after the ic ^^ dclapratiqucde ftpn Art qu ^ nd there are all of the above all "inintuated, in order to make fun of them with their driving skills, & by argue in abundance & not in (routine tafton * - Lant at random & auenture, fans let him go and use the emps by means of pouuoirinuenter. M. Defàrgues inuente of the regulated Vniuerfelles of the practice the Perfect Perfom Geometral: Beyond the practice of CV * - Irans in the Sun, when it is necessary to squeeze out no shit of Aftro- îomie: And du / r ^ / Æfor cutting stones in Architeelure, 5 c said flower is in no way a hand weaver in any of : es Arts. I learned what he wanted me to say about these settled, & ie ncfiiis read any point in the mail art, & lefuisfprtmc- Liocre in Celuy de la Pourtraiture. What I understood from each of these rules, ie gives it to juien will want to take diuertiilèment. If you make fun of others, you don't have befbin a- p make this one, if only you cook in order to examine li they make precise, & more abbreviated or expeditiues than those that you have in hand. And in this case you make the point that you have to be freiugé fans, qui cft a difficult thing after a long time feruy d'ne be handled as it is; & likely only so that a builder puiffe make vne legitimated comparaifbn of two ways between they would have to have learned both of them at the same time. As far as these are concerned, ie received them to be specific & ie gives them to you for such, fans put you the proofs Let us explore Gcometrie contemplatiue, for which you puués (fi bon you femble) you adrcfler to celuy who has them inuentees. Of those who wanted them to execute & who crack others, they all definitively differ from them find no convenient points; & fi my testimony was there receuable, i'en say as much auec fincerité. If you do not make yet others & you want to link learn, you will have as much to choose, & always they Drilling vnefomonce to the Geometricians to seek again if there are better ones for the ouuriers. I have started to make them infolio of the origin of the originals of MonfieurDefàrgues, but there are raifon which oblige me to you give first in small to be portatiues, & in 6 treat separately. It is true that I made the boards & the pages of dilcours / d'ne one fine size in vn of these treat than in the other: £ t then that this foreword & the leaky wording, are common to the three subjects can be separated by separating the I put to each in particular these mefines foreword & ad- use. As these ways of practice make new & vniuer- felles, if you will learn to learn them, obferucr the names that i give to each choie à mfure that you will find them. They've pretty much put each in two straight, to be squeezed in the difeours in figures, fi y ouez of dilpofition} & in the difeours accompanied by figures fi your dilpofition takes you there. Get more of it you aduerdray that you notice it, & think that i don't lediray not fine fujet. If there were only the Geometricians who heard them in the writings of Monfieur Delàrgues, they were not miles away only to have the best of these Best. But of the strong which he prefers to be explained for the age ordinary workers, he made them familiar to me that he was polite, at least had no pain in designing this than the eneferi. Mine will pamper you if you don't mate come a dilpofition of mind not to hear me. So that the words of our new unit, Generally, you may not have given birth yet smoked, don't hold you in a nutshell, bloom that all ty is at the end reduced to an entire time. But moreover still that this is true, and that my - thirds are made so familiar that it is useful for touch them hard, you have to believe that they will not go away lodge them thin in your understanding to the simple view that you may have had booklets, if you saw them you did not pay attention and ingenuity. zADVERTlSSEMENT. Go see what is in my practice books, ' fur the penfces of Monfieur Defargues who might be able to fftrcpas not very ordinary, but ways of propofer, of expl - 1st, & give the name to the chofes, foWde change of leak, > rdre, of method, or of augmentauons, entrenchments, repetitions, omiffions & strong femblables, is there dcfléin & orcaufe. Some words that MT Defargues has changed ^ or inuente ^ occa fion, , I have to declare to you here why Monfieur ) efàrgues, for example instead of saying the plan of a city, of naifon, from a door; says a town, a maifon, ie door, and there deflus you will have way to judge if he had raifon ion, to change some names of the common age, & of enter into the ineffectiveness. fousfçauez that in Geometrietheoriqueon nvfèdumotde what to name a flat, flat expanse of small size Here, & in whatever way she thinks it wrong, in hearing : c plan word iamais no strong figure that this puiflè : 'i & deflors that there is some figure to name, or flat, or :, onvfe d'vn other word than that of plan, like by Island of the word triangle, four, parallelogram & devils, but you never have a plan one, you are doing so only in the practice of perfpeCtiue & Architecture, & femblables Arts, it is advisable that we vfe a word of plan to name particularly some es plattes; but whining crazy about certain conditions: , that these figures should be stretched together; the other that they represent the shape of some body efpece in this sense. I ”example, while in the practice of Architecture & Tern- es Arts, we come to say these words, a city plan, ; maifbn, d'vne porte, we really hear the name vne due platte: but then we first hear that this s 1 "Rendered there must be absolutely blunt, cc eine to change any of the other names in the common vfage of eique Art, nyd'eninuentcr denouueaux, fans some raifon aeceffité, which in the end you can become a mammoth, & You will approve of it. ) eüx ways to undo by efcribing the practice of a conftruÜion or a traiiï of Geometrie. L ÿadiuerfesfaços demettre par eferit (for the principal palement) the practice of a confru & ion or a traid deGeo- Letrie, auffi although there are diuerfes mannered delesenfeignerde iue voice. One is not to be fooled for example, that one is shown : vn feul difeours, some loaded with lines read the figure, & however long the difeours should; ç put this figure first at the entrance to the fund ation, & la will always repeat every leap if ever Explicatibn lifcours in foitacheué. The other way is not to prefer Vne fi- gure fi loaded with lines, ny has the understanding vn fi long difeours the explanation to deünefler; but to burn it off & fon lifcours in several plots which run away from me- thodic, & offer them one after the other, in order to give birth little to the eyes & understanding to pofl'eder everyone fon obied. And for cétefFed, start vn example by vne first figure, in which there are very few lines of the first operations, for lefquclleson starts practicing this example, & y ioindrevn can particular explanation difeours: Then figure enanger, & make it a second & put what is in the first, & moreover adioufter vn little more lines for others operations that must be done on the run in this example, & do them • their particular explanation difeours: Then again change defi- I swear, at a fair, a troifiefine, and at the same time remember what was in second, & moreover add a little more lines for other operations flowing to as an example, with their particular explanation. And continue to change figure & make new ones in always adding some new operations to each one 8c their particular explanation, if any B 10 end these operations come to fetrouuer all aflemblces in vng make a figure: or if you lift, make as many figures * & dcIcçonsdifferentes, whether it meets or parties or opera- different from the body of the example by fleeing them all by or- one after the other. Of these two ways of doing things, the first plate with vau à caufe that 'Lie is more abbreviated & that theynotruepasmalaifce to flee}' the other woman pleases others because she treats them to me * {jar hand & step by step from vnbout to another example, & that eur fertcômc as many drafts as there are different figures, & of local memory for each part of, the material Sc operations of the example, besides that finally it arrives again at the other way. For her to satisfy the vns & others, ie practical icy the two ways in each place. In the practice of perfection, at the beginning I made about as many different figures as there are different parts that make up the body of this material, it was admired that occa- fion of each of these parts, i wanted to make a part figure- and, like that, I flee from these parts after the other, & ie gradually build them up, until finally they come all have to come together in a small figure. In the practice of the Dials, besides that I put four diuerfes times, ie don't miss to change it make new, so that they don't have to be too busy of lines, & i'm reiterating a few vncsauxoccafions. In line practice for cutting stones, (at caufê entr'au- tres des ouuners) ie changes at the beginning of the figure as many times as there are diuerfes operations to be made in each ma- third of new example, & iemets always some new operation to each of these figures with particular difours of explanation, & at the end ie put all these diuerfes operations enfembmable in the last figure, & sometimes inflated when there is place ierepette their whole difeours of explanation in the last- deny the last figure when (to the extent permitted. And therefore fi you like better the first of these two ways of do, while for vn example there are several figures which make capitulated in the last, you can go all of a sudden to this last figure * & fi you like the second way better j you can start abortion at the first of the figures of the ex- npïe: But fi you want me to believe you will start tofl- > urs by the first figure, & fùiurez all the vne apresd'au- e in each example, since ie did not always have means e recapitulate the entire course of the example in the page ela last figure to fit pctitelfe. There are several ways of explaining yourself in Geometry. ["There are many ways to explain other confruction" L ment of the practice of a Geometric Traiel, as a figure all done. And in these different ways, the one seems more familiar or more itelligible, & the other paroift more abbreviated or shorter. L'vn for example says, I did, or either fay, or else feroy she chofè ainfi or ainfi: the other says, you will do, or do that such and such a manner: another will say either done, or else we do, ) u well you have to make such a chofe in such & such a strong; which the most common ways to say as we say in the form of < : ommandement, & all go common. There is another, even shorter, way of speaking, instead of preferring what we mean to do, we shows what is done, and which way of speaking is main- ment of Geometres. Lefquels for example speaking of the figure they you my " did, instead of telling youinfi, lead by vn such poinél vne line line which vne such other line, fafTe vn angle equal to vn such} they will tell you howling cecy, vn telangleeftefgalavntel: or well for example, instead of saying so, lead by vn such point such a straight line which is parallel or perpendicular to another such straight line, & take such a large deur, & wear it along the line that you will have thus led, uqir from vn such a poinét to vn such; they will tell you howling cecy, such a straight line is parallel or perpendicular to such a & efgalleà vne such right, & crazy these words they mean that you would do the same thing they tell you that is done there. Orie aduertv that Monfieur Defàrgues spoke prefquc usually in the eferits of this last abridged way, & for my eyes so that I can always put the difeours from a whole plank to a new page; as these pages are small, and that the material is long in places, at the bottom Bij he I talk to others, I talk to others in these ways " On pages where I have no more to say that they cannot contain, ie speak in a way extended to caufe that ie latrouuc the most familiar to all strong people, which is to say word for word & long, that you face such & such chofe. To the pages where I ply to say that they don't contain fi ie always speak of this strong, I tranene the most runs that it is poffible to me, & sometimes I only say that you- do this or that, it is that or that. This is why when you find one of these abbreviated ways aged to speak, or in my binders or in the writings of Monfieur Defargucs, do not rush to hear it just the same as you include other ways of speaking that extend to the familiar if it fits instead. And if you are not yet accustomed to go see the course in figures & figures in difeours, & that you want to hear, ie tell you not to settle figures that you have been given here: but that you do it yourself several times as much by hand, as you by transferring the difours, and by transferring them you will Use a way of speaking in another, the manner of speaking briefly in the manner of speaking familiar rement, & that at the same time you wax whatever the diff- eours will order you to do, & by this means you can make all of these practices your own would have been suggested from end to end. And if you didn’t want to have this punishment, those who infringe Geometry, they will first figure out what ic wanna dirc, & they'll bug you, & you lesson more than less than practical Gcometrie & Arithmetic. Difference between P er fp eft iue ^ Cutting stones, & Dials. There are only parts of Perfpe & iue & • Cutting stones do not return daily to all- dd tesdepersôncslamefmeefpecedeferuicequefontlcs Cadransau Sun .: And there are only those who already have some strong da- • as a member of the Pourtraifture & dc l 'Archi tetture, & who have con- Frequently some efpece of the beginning of Gcometrie u less practical to whom the future does not have to learn the practices e laperfpedtiue or of the cut of the stones, and even less of make some diuertiflement to put them on Kecution. where I give the practices of perfpediue & of the Skirt of the stones to start the whining or you can to learn to learn practical Geometry by learning ucvouslafçauez. But I thought that the end of fe diuertir to the practice of Ca- years in the Sun can come to people who have no ut starting point of practical Geometry & which ny lack good distribution. And for little they need to be brood in order to be able to properly to get to the end of this practice of the Dials, I made a lot of go give the step to study. Ielçay besides aum that those who (have verfoz in Geometry theoretical or practical get impatient & annoyed s long difeours including ileftneceffairedvvèrenenfeignantvne nblabiepratiqueà those who have no tincture of Geome- e, & that we need even less words to those who polfedenc Theoretical geometry that those who do not fall apart need this practical Geometry, and that the Geographical Para -tfie practical is in some different way of how role of the ouuriers, & that way of speaking about the vns & others still different from the way of speaking of all strong of per- my & strong routs indifferently, pes confiderations together made me efïàyer to give fâ- to vns & others, as far as practicing is concerned Dials, & for that I put four times four times fuittel'vne on the other. ^ • entirely it put in few lines, that Monitor De- I feel like I have to offer those who benefit from the theory, 'enay already seen experiençes. I secondly put it a little longer in another ma- re which must be sufficient for those who receive practical geometry. In the third place, it took a little longer ru close to the lesson of talking about the ouuriets of some arts, it finally iefay put bienaulongàlafaçoncommunede 1st, of all strong of persones in general & fur all strong hofos indifferently} where ie dy by the menu of vn end to other H every peculiarity, which must be done with the ruler & the compass in fmttcl'vne del'autrc, so that mûnefâns auoir apris de Géo- metrics, why you have more than one, you puiflies hear what I mean, & you learn to make Ca- drans by everything where the Sun gives in whatever time it draws see. It’s your challenge to seek out and choose one of these four ways to eferire which one is suitable for your difpofition & capacity, £ n different proons we name differently L Es Geometres & les ouuriers de plufieurs Arts do not speak fuse vn mefme language, although they fbyent in vnmef- my country and my nation. In France, most of the ouuriers are explained by several ehofes, concerning your practice of Geometry traits with words other than that whose Geometres are explained by mis- my choies, & ceia could well be the caufe qde les vns n en- commonly tend to be the difeours nyles eferits of others. Now, all the more so since i'vfe indifferently terms of vns & others, ie want to try to make sure that there is no language puify arrefter, & for that i did this cy beginning of re- a collection of those articles from which he shuns me, their diuerfes fa- let's say vne mefme chofe, so that you use it then that you will find something in the fiutteduliure which he don't be fooled by what i mean it means for lack of having accouuumél'vfage. What the Geometers call the right angle, these peasants the name Equierre} 8c to say at right angles, they difentaent? quierreou quarremént. Instead of the Geometres having to lead two straight lines which cut at right angles, these ouuriers difènt make the straight line. What Geometers Call The Inclination Of Two Planes between them, these peasants name it at the base of these two planes. Note this word beueau, ie use the line of the stroke of the masks of the pudding. When two straight lines make up two unequal angles between them, instead of what the Geometres call these angles incli- ^ my two lines between them, these workers say that uzj \ & au lied that the Geometers distinguish these two angles be them by naming them the obtuse vn & the other atgu, ccs ouuners ; distinguish the vn from the other by naming them vn jnu & au- : 1st skinny. What Geometers Difent From Such a Poiriift To Lead A Line > it is perpendicular to such a straight line or link to such n, these ouuners difent lead line view to the equestrian or well arrement, according to such a line, or according to such a plan: ) Say this word after & fuse yourself that I don't, don't live, Sc : fi i'vfe des mots d'equierre, *. :: quarrement, ie dis enfuitteà : such or well with such line, with such or well with such n, & not not according to such a line, or according to such a plan, .lieu quees Geometres difent vn poind en vne ligne ouuriers difent make a repai re in a vne line: N ote that me of this word redo have some places? caufe des ouuriers. When in a body three flat races end up together nelme poindt, the Geometers call these faces angles is, & difent that they understand a felid angle; & these ouuners ament these faces sometimes pancaux, & pour folidc ifentmaflif: i'vferay from the word paneaux dansl'occafion. e what Geometers differ from eferire vn arc or portion irconference of circle, these ouuriers difent make a line of ipas, : of which the Geometers differ in a circular line, these ouuriers is full round or full arched. s lines that Geometers call Conical, from Elipfe * bole, or Hiperbole; these ouuriers call them basket anfe yawns & when these lines are not regular, they tarts or corrupted lines. igned right that the Geometres no mmentfouftendanted'vn ouuriers name it the rope or the tiran of the bow. ur to say of a stone that it is still raw, these that it is hairy, & to say that a stone still rough che of the shape that luv wants to give by cutting it, these ers difent that it is turned towards the befongne. whose Geometres differ the horifon, these peasants differ the u. '' ; whose geometres difent horifomal, ccs ouuriers difent ^ u, from niucau, niuellc, \ 6 What Geometers Differ From Vertical â lead. What the Geometters difent inclined to the horifbn, these ouurieri difent, in a crawling case, in the other they diverge in slope, in the au- they differ in lead, elsewhere they differ in glaze. What Geometres Difent To Circumscribe Vn Circle To Vn Trian- gle, these miners make three points lost. Instead of parallel parallel geometres between them, this " ouuriers difent of the sharp lines. What Geometers Call Fions of a Demy Cylin- dre, d'vne demy fphere, or d'vn demy fpheroideou conoide, by vn plan; these peasants name it searches, & difun- guent en ralongcesfurbaillees & furhaulfées: Nonz ce ??mot de look for it and run away from it, because I don't care about the hackers. And the fediôn of a cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the church, these peasants call it the right hanger, ie the nômmeray the are right in line practice for cutting stones. A hollow cylinder, the ouuriers call it a cradle. When the pofition of a body is determined, what the Geo- meters name the fettion of this body by a horifbntal plane, these the workers plan the plan of this body and what the Geometres name the feilion of the same body by a vertical plane, these ouuriers call it theproftl of this body, & the vertical faces of this body, these ouuiiers call them the flowering of these bodies. What the Geometers difent concaue & conuexe, these or- uriers difent hollow, swollen, domed, arched. This tool of two ruled cloisters assembled by vn of their ends which opens and closes like a compass, which we take the angles on the relief, the vns call it faulfe equierrç, others call him foul, & others call him be- neau, especially in the practice of the line, & i'vferay fouuent auflide this name there to accommodate me to the vfage as much as ic then. The meeting of two vertical planes between them, these ouuriers call it cornerer, & the line where two planes meet very, they name it viue-arefte in matters of Archite & ure. There are many other femblable ways of speaking about the peasants. different ways of talking about Geometres that it would be good to collect everything together to make them heard by everyone: But they weren't going to put them all on the first time.