8 lNTRODUCTIO Palace of Babylon (g), what did conA: ruire Semiramis, in addition to cctce Gardens Queen, who ccoienc foucenus by walls of \ 'ingc - two feet of epai!feur. This Etoit Palace the High Court of quarter-twenty feet. At the mil1eu of fo11 pregnant rises an aucrc quarree Tower, b. itie of bricks, & A. huicec ges, who, after having long fervi d'obforvatoire auxCaldecns, foc ruinee by Xerccs. Plinc (/2) speaks with praise of two Temples, b. l. cis in the same enclosure, one is dedicated to Jupiter and the other to Belus. This last Temple, die-il, ainfi than 1e Maufolce of what King, ctoic of. larger magnifice:1ee. We could talk here about the big or' 7rag s executed by the orders of Nicocris, auffi Queen Of Babylon; course of the tortuous Euphrates, by law Gu'ilecoit, in order to break the impetuofüe of this River, & to make Ia navigarion more convenient. It was auffi Nitocris who bdtit in .Babylon, this fiery bridge that facilitates AI communication from a part of the city a the other, company that we paro1 amazing place a rubber of 1A rapidity of the Euphrates (g) this city gave tollte the conrree voiline 1 name of Babylonia. (H) Pline * liv. 6, chap. 2.6. / NT ROD U C TI ON. ' & De fa profundenr, fi Herodotus nc we assure that this bridge has exi!l: e. He says more than he has only been a year: I build. Egypt fon tour became cc.lebre (i) by the grandeur & imrnenfite of fts Edifices; but in this conrree, no Prince fe difi: iPgua as much as Sefo!L: laugh by the hay he of useful works, in the loifir of peace 9ue come from him pro- eurer Fes conquctes, he made elever cctte belle (i l the ancient Egyptc that was the bcrceau of the Arts , n'efl: known as TRCs-imperfect in HIFL: oires uni- Terfelles, such as those of Herodotc, Diodore & diodore plu!these authors, however, are still in the process. totality of the land of cc Ropume formerly !i flori!fant, a quarre one thousand one hundred forty-!ix quarrels leagues; the number of the inhabitants has FRPT millions, & that of fes troops i than three hundred and forty thousand men. During the reign of Ama!is, die Herodote. there are twenty thousand in Egypt Cities: Diodore however, counts only eighteen a thousand, both cities and towns, worthy of being marked; & they must mcme, In N ' in comptJnt only d, x eight a thousand, to be very close to each other. Par !es differents- details that these same writers gave us, we 2pprcnons that the land of this country well cultivated;, ro- two hundred for one, tetlernent fercilifee by !es ino11dations dn Nil, & By in- dufl: laugh at fes habirams, what etle provided them!rccol foit- thy chosen three times abundant as their befoins, but that I barbarous Carnbyfe, destroying these peoples during five years of a cruel gucrrc, decrui!it!Most of their monturns who have been- vr, age of ten-fept vacles, & that it was only crazy Pto- !emc: E Philadelphia, two hundred and eighty years before your age, that Egypt took over Fon anciencc fplendcm, / NT ROD U C TI ON. ' & De fa profundenr, fi Herodotus nc we assure that this bridge has exi!l: e. He says more than he has only been a year: I build. Egypt fon tour became cc.lebre (i) by the grandeur & imrnenfite of fts Edifices; but in this conrree, no Prince fe difi: iPgua as much as Sefo!L: laugh by the hay he of useful works, in the loifir of peace 9ue come from him pro- eurer Fes conquctes, he made elever cctte belle (i l the ancient Egyptc that was the bcrceau of the Arts , n'efl: known as TRCs-imperfect in HIFL: oires uni- Terfelles, such as those of Herodotc, Diodore & diodore plu!these authors, however, are still in the process. totality of the land of cc Ropume formerly !i flori!fant, a quarre one thousand one hundred forty-!ix quarrels leagues; the number of the inhabitants has FRPT millions, & that of fes troops i than three hundred and forty thousand men. During the reign of Ama!is, die Herodote. there are twenty thousand in Egypt Cities: Diodore however, counts only eighteen a thousand, both cities and towns, worthy of being marked; & they must mcme, In N ' in comptJnt only d, x eight a thousand, to be very close to each other. Par !es differents- details that these same writers gave us, we 2pprcnons that the land of this country well cultivated;, ro- two hundred for one, tetlernent fercilifee by !es ino11dations dn Nil, & By in- dufl: laugh at fes habirams, what etle provided them!rccol foit- thy chosen three times abundant as their befoins, but that I barbarous Carnbyfe, destroying these peoples during five years of a cruel gucrrc, decrui!it!Most of their monturns who have been- vr, age of ten-fept vacles, & that it was only crazy Pto- !emc: E Philadelphia, two hundred and eighty years before your age, that Egypt took over Fon anciencc fplendcm, TO / NT ROD U C T 1 0 Jll. wall of fifteen cencs fi.length 9L. I commcn oic a fluff, & finiffoid. Heliopolis. 11 made digging channels to establish communication between cities the most cloignees, & ease the notch!:.. Port des marchandifes. One of the encreprofos that contributed to the more to imrnorcalifer the glory of this Prince, fot the confl: ruclion of the high levees he ordered in touce the ecendue of fon Kingdom, so that in the new cities that o11 y batiroic, we were sheltered from the drags Nile. An infinite number of temples Pierce clc ves fous fon reigns in honor of the Dicux tuttbires of Egypt (/.... ; the cnrichic fortout Vulcain's has Pelufe, in recognition! Gncc, it is said, of the prorecl: ion clone it croyoic quc this God to avoic faic reffentii; effect. The dcfcripcions of the Ternples of the Egyp... you paroicroient fabuleufes, {I they nc us ewient acceil: ecs par les Hifl: oriens les plus ( k Long-time meme before Sefofl: ris Les Egypticns, :rn report L ucien , a, oient bati T emplcs. This reup!e etoit m: s-reli!(IEU ; the Affyrians imitated him, & were themselves imitated d.ms Ja leaked by the RCMP, at JCF which Dcucalion was the en elevated; the same and emier here ufage paffa from the Greeks to the Romans. Janus fut, it is said, I pre1?ier q i t confhui of these monuments in my country; ,r Latm; m11s d aucres claim that it was Fan.us, & qne "fon nom on a fait cclui di: Fanurn qu.i fii;nifie T,mßle, · · JN T R OD U C T I O V. T t you can't. M. Dorigny ( l J, q. ü areco:,1illi a. vec hay ces D fcritions, reports ci.U'on. a. rrivoic in these Tcmples by a parvis quiformoic UNC longuc&vafl: e av " nu, ornce from columns & from fiatucs colo!Talcs, t rmince by a vcfiibule of a great Prodigy• fe & d'un elevacion Qu y etoic proportion4 9ue dc-1A 011place in a pla" ' this immenfe, enviro mee of a great name„ Bre of buildings ctoic variee a l'infini. The EC treaty place on palfoit, in traverfai1t other vc!H- bules, in a fecondc, & fovent in a troificma; that at last we penetrate by a vcfl: a vfie plus vafie & plus clcve some preccdents, up to the intcri ur dii parvis Sancl: uaire, & that in it rut ecoit: of an extreme fimplicice. Lcs Archit.ecresde these time pretendoienc fans sweet, with a lot of horseradish, that 1A prefers 1a divinice & vcneration due to myfieresqu'on there celebroic, fuffifoienc to render this is the most important part of the Temple. We usually put the pyramids all number of the oldest monuments in the Egyptians; however, Homer who speaks ( the) Mr. Dorigny, Knight of !'Military Order of St. Louis, we donr, e plufieurs Volumes fur Egypt; this excellent work is found in Paris chei.V incent • ruc ' SaintSeverin. l' 1 ] N T R OD U C T I ON. of Egypt, & which in relation to particular places of trust, do not dierien of these vafl: es encreprofos. Whatever it eo foit, perfonne n'i nore that these pyramids are defünees to immortalize the Sovereigns to whom they are fervent of fepulture. Rienne proves better than these monurnents, lede.Gr ardent that the Egyptians have to make palfer their name to the pofrerite. The hill: oire we also learn another rnotifqui the avoic decermines to give them this te fl: rucl: ure amazing; they look at them cornme an abode fl: able, in-lieu qn'li they do not confide in their ordinary habication that they are the place where the vicauna is to be palfage, who must, felon, give their opinion., start again at the year-old goat. The three pyramids that we still see three leagues from Cairo, fonc baries fur1e roc (m), & difl: antes one of the otherabout three hundred steps. M. De Chazellesof the Academy of Sciences having higher mefurefa in 1693 found it whole, & die Gu'elle has the shape of an equal triangle• lateral, so the perpendicular IA ecoit defoix-ten toifes three quarters. On the faces (m) older Lcs willingly choose a femblablc:I:>nds for their buildings, because it is very folide, & they have no ambition to work.vaillcr poLU ' les ra.ccs futu,rc:,. f N T R O D U C T 1 0 N. Y 3 ..: Cxtfrieures make bleachers that lead jufqu'au fommer rermine in platte-forme. Cecre pyramid efi confl: hard stone ruite, of which the least have three feet of high & about length fix. In the middle of fon internieur eil: a fepulcre of thirty• we notice, in 14 J N T R O D U C T t ON'. < : ffec, that she efl: conO: ruite with more than ioin, :. <.1U'el!c eil: moreover, it includes a a!Iez. beautiful p ierrc of Arabia, names marble baLj_atc. 11 eil: to smoke that these pyramidcs must, CN part<.", their long duration has nature from the climate, O'i the rains are infrequent; because, by the way, Gu'en ONC makes plufieurs Arcifi "' s ecl, lirc.s, they recognized queJa pierrc not C ' fi: not a lot PRB auffi it takes time to describe our travellers; but that the fec air that LCS has been hitting for so long .ficclcs has been able to contribute a lot to their con {rvation; & though in !es joints they have not noticed lime, lead, or iron, the volume immenfe of these cdifices was able to fuffire feul for the prdcrver of the weather of the faifons. Lcs obelifgues no less concribuc that the pyramid s, a cranfmit I the poviericc Le fouvenir of.s Egyptians. Prime 26C. 14 of the creation of the world, by the orders of King Manusbar or Lord of Memphis. In 1A scythe they 100% of the population., ment J., s sovereigns & Princes, but wealthy individuals make it clever !it's uns d ' trente, the aucres of seventy feet high T R ODUCTI ON . T5t& _ m & me of one hundred forty feet. The Reli- cion of these peoples their avoic fans doL1te gives the god.t dominant of these strong of c- it is difficult for them to confacroire for the most part on the ground! (do). It is still seen in the quarries of Jahaute Egypt of these obelics a demi tail- the. During the Nile floods, canals they conduct the jufque waters in these- rieres ou l'on removoic, for rafts, Ies obelifgues, Les fiacues & les aucres ouvra- coloffaux ges that one trapfporcoic in Iabaffe Egypce by hunger that easy- the flow of this river. According to Diodore of Sicily, sefofiris fitcon!l: run two obelift1ues of a CRC stone.:s- clure; they shine with the haughtiness of a hundred qua- thirty-twenty feet , & furenc eleves da11i5 laville d'heliopolis. The Emperor Augustine, having reduced the Egyp- teen Roman province, vouluc do cranf- will carry Rome these two obelifks. Jib brife for La route; Augufl: e aima fepriver de l'autre que de l'expofer au mcmeaccidenc. CaliguJa fot a CEC egard plus en- treprenant & happiest: the troifiernee of fon empire, the ooelifque arrived a. (n)Au/li calls them-ondoigtsdu (oleil, because they Iron- see the most frovl!nt a mark the hours fur a gr: indencc.inte de pieires f!.Folded. qont ili fQDJloieat I cemre. T R ODUCTI ON . T5t& _ m & me of one hundred forty feet. The Reli- cion of these peoples their avoic fans doL1te gives the god.t dominant of these strong of c- it is difficult for them to confacroire for the most part on the ground! (do). It is still seen in the quarries of Jahaute Egypt of these obelics a demi tail- the. During the Nile floods, canals they conduct the jufque waters in these- rieres ou l'on removoic, for rafts, Ies obelifgues, Les fiacues & les aucres ouvra- coloffaux ges that one trapfporcoic in Iabaffe Egypce by hunger that easy- the flow of this river. According to Diodore of Sicily, sefofiris fitcon!l: run two obelift1ues of a CRC stone.:s- clure; they shine with the haughtiness of a hundred qua- thirty-twenty feet , & furenc eleves da11i5 laville d'heliopolis. The Emperor Augustine, having reduced the Egyp- teen Roman province, vouluc do cranf- will carry Rome these two obelifks. Jib brife for La route; Augufl: e aima fepriver de l'autre que de l'expofer au mcmeaccidenc. CaliguJa fot a CEC egard plus en- treprenant & happiest: the troifiernee of fon empire, the ooelifque arrived a. (n)Au/li calls them-ondoigtsdu (oleil, because they Iron- see the most frovl!nt a mark the hours fur a gr: indencc.inte de pieires f!.Folded. qont ili fQDJloieat I cemre. 16 IN T 1l.. 0 C TI ON. Rome f1ns ctre dommagc, & was in the. fair c: lcve in the middle of the circus of Nc.Ron, or fe faifeent public Games. Some of these obelifks so the Egyptian ecoit filled, still runs, autanc by lcur grandenr than by their antiquity , one of the embellishments of the Capiral of the chrifl:i. 1nifme. Confb.nrin fit dcmolir the cir that of N eron, & batit en FA pbce a Eglife in the ruins of which s!l: find the obel ifque transfers to Rome by order Caligula. Sixce-Quinc made him elevate in 158 6, crazy B. driving Knight Fontana, fur La PL. ice public, ot1 on the voice even today; FA height efl: from dome toifes two feet eight inches, for a bafe eight feet wide; he efl: of a multitude granite stone, & felon Tarade of the weight of eight million one hundred twenty-four thousand. We see auffi a Ades one of these obelifks, that's probably tranf.. gate " of the time of the Romans. Charles IX he's starting to get him waxed. ruins that I cover since plowersfiecles , & it fe see today vis-a-vis L'hocel-de-Ville: FA hautcur efl: de cinqaante- two feet, & FA bafe de fepr feet. Near pyramids & obelifks d_e Egypt, so we just talked, we note IN T R O Du C TI O N'. 17 note of the restarts of qüadrangu buildings hires that Thevcnot believes have etc d * s Temple. This traveler still mentions plulieurs other monuments so it pre tends to columns & fl: acues fonc phonombrable. We discover, he says, these tes of vefüges in different parts of Egyp te, & for-couc in the Theba.ide: La, conci 11ue-C-il, we admire a Palace so the rcf your femblent has been conferenced only for erase the greatest works. On Y voyoic encraucres four galleries A. loss of v..1e, completed by fphinx, including nutiere ecoic auffi rare as their Econ grandeur na.nce. The famous Egypcc labyrinth etoit, fo lon Herodoce, even more admirable than the pyramids: it etoic less, he says, a feul edifice that twelve regular palaces that fe .communiquoienc removes. On N'effl: guere infl: ruit ni fur I cemps, ni for the reason of 1a conftrucrion of CE labyrinchc (o): qnel ques-uns prctendenc que le King Petefucns . (o) Teacher of Sicily, Strabon & Pline font memion * three other labyrinths; the first was that of Dedalus confirmed in the island of Crete: this one is plr Plut: ir' iUC, & we see the serious deffin after an old * Medal in the archiuflurc hijloriqu, dt Fifcher. The ce' lehre Architecl: E Theodore batit le fc: cond a Lemnos; lc - you leave me alone;: Tome I. B .. 18 INNT'j?.ODUCTION.' or Thioi: s made it 61tir more than two thousand years I'm advancing the chrecian era. D1other atcribuenc to the King Ncccheras, who willed, did they, cn do fon Palace. Finally, fclon other , King Mccris or Miris (Herodotus gives him these two names) ordered to elevate cec edifice for him to boil a day of fepulture; but Herodotus (p) believes that plovers Prin ESC of Egypt eurem part a FA confirnäion, & that he was not 1cheve quc, from the Kingdom of Pfarnmecicus: what we Paro'tt of aura.NT more truefem6la61e, than {elon Pline (q), the rnonumenc so - it is agic, fot dedieau Soleil. In any case, cec edifice can be looks like one of the most vafies that the Kings of Egypt ayenc never faic confl: run. II ctoit divife en feize quarciers. We see it autanc of particular Temples that the Egyp• they worship divinities , and a great quantity of edifices of which the 1st meeting forms a wonderful look. It is noted at the end of the pyramids (. columns of a l1auceur prodigieufe. After having traverfe from the fi vafies places, 011 arrives at the labyrin. the proper die. We get into it p.ar of vefiibules incoures of elevated portigues of eighty-ten degrees above ground level. (p) Herodote, liv. z. (' / ) PUai: lib, 38, chap. I; lNrRonucrroN.r9 de-heated: the labyrinche ecoic divife by a mulcicude of pieces, so the porces in infinite number- three the iffi.tee. King Nell:abis made there conliderable reparations, so the foc hay confie A. Circammon, this is avoic, die-on , great connoiffances in the Archicec- ture. But the work of the Kings of Egypt, the most worthy of admiration, was the lake of Mcx: ri ; the fercilice of Egvp lands is being fished- CC dependoic of their inundacion by the Nile, & that the crop overflow or too little con- lidcrable of this river their ecoic egalem..:: nc1mifible. The Roi m<1: ris con uc Le deifoin de remedy has this double drawback. For making it easier to recognize the di- verfes lands that the inundacion avoit confon- dues, this Prince: ivoic compofc a work- ge (r) so we have eire !first elements geometry. The lake to which he gave fon nom has immorcali!E. When the Nile does not debordoic poinc affez pourferciliferles cerres, the waters we fefoic flow from Lake fi.1p- they're pleading inundacion. What we do- voyoic to the concraire that by the effec of a overflowing ex, ellipf, Terre demeu- reroienc too long-cemps inondces, it fe- (r) Y ' T NcwtQn d:ins fa Chronoleg:c . .l:> ij lNrRonucrroN.r9 de-heated: the labyrinche ecoic divife by a mulcicude of pieces, so the porces in infinite number- three the iffi.tee. King Nell:abis made there conliderable reparations, so the foc hay confie A. Circammon, this is avoic, die-on , great connoiffances in the Archicec- ture. But the work of the Kings of Egypt, the most worthy of admiration, was the lake of Mcx: ri ; the fercilice of Egvp lands is being fished- CC dependoic of their inundacion by the Nile, & that the crop overflow or too little con- lidcrable of this river their ecoic egalem..:: nc1mifible. The Roi m<1: ris con uc Le deifoin de remedy has this double drawback. For making it easier to recognize the di- verfes lands that the inundacion avoit confon- dues, this Prince: ivoic compofc a work- ge (r) so we have eire !first elements geometry. The lake to which he gave fon nom has immorcali!E. When the Nile does not debordoic poinc affez pourferciliferles cerres, the waters we fefoic flow from Lake fi.1p- they're pleading inundacion. What we do- voyoic to the concraire that by the effec of a overflowing ex, ellipf, Terre demeu- reroienc too long-cemps inondces, it fe- (r) Y ' T NcwtQn d:ins fa Chronoleg:c . .l:> ij :a. o ] NT R O DUC TI ON.' foic flow into the Lake a portion of the waters river. This lake was creufe ten fiades of Mem- phis. It avoic three cencs feet of profon- deur, & felon Pline ( / ) twenty-eing thousand no pork. Others, however, such 9th Pomponius-Mela, give him only five thousand, which makes about ten of our Heues. In the middle of the Lake ecoit a 1LE fur which rises two pyramids, clont each pig has a fiacue cololfale de mar• b - re, & affife steal a creme. He report- rhodoce (t) & Diodore (u), on vooit between the two pyramids a Mau fuperbe- folee that marks the middle of the island, & whose defTins are found in the Archi- fifcher hyfloric te8ure. II palfe still for confident that the Egyptians excel in Machemaci- 9ues, give the affirmation, & that they perfect- these sciences .ccelerer long-term trips. What it and it's close, C'efi that Pcolemee Phila- delphe fuc the Prince who applied the more to make science & Ares flourish, & that he made bacir the year of Rome 470, in ( f) Pline , liv. ; , chap. 12., & liv. s, chap. 9, (I) Herodote, liv. 2, (M) Diodore, Jiv. 1, ch.IP. 1. :a. o ] NT R O DUC TI ON.' foic flow into the Lake a portion of the waters river. This lake was creufe ten fiades of Mem- phis. It avoic three cencs feet of profon- deur, & felon Pline ( / ) twenty-eing thousand no pork. Others, however, such 9th Pomponius-Mela, give him only five thousand, which makes about ten of our Heues. In the middle of the Lake ecoit a 1LE fur which rises two pyramids, clont each pig has a fiacue cololfale de mar• b - re, & affife steal a creme. He report- rhodoce (t) & Diodore (u), on vooit between the two pyramids a Mau fuperbe- folee that marks the middle of the island, & whose defTins are found in the Archi- fifcher hyfloric te8ure. II palfe still for confident that the Egyptians excel in Machemaci- 9ues, give the affirmation, & that they perfect- these sciences .ccelerer long-term trips. What it and it's close, C'efi that Pcolemee Phila- delphe fuc the Prince who applied the more to make science & Ares flourish, & that he made bacir the year of Rome 470, in ( f) Pline , liv. ; , chap. 12., & liv. s, chap. 9, (I) Herodote, liv. 2, (M) Diodore, Jiv. 1, ch.IP. 1. ] NT ROD U C TI ON . 'If the island of Pharos has a quarter of a lie, 1st of Alexandria , the fameufc Tower or etoit the deftine Beacon ecl irer the V aHfeaux that address it crowd. Ccctc court, to the report of Pline (x , ecoic quarree, each coce ecoit of a hundred helmets, fahautcur of foixance-fifteen, divifee in huic floors, cerminee by a Oti platte-form view extends to pre3dc forty leagues. This rnonumenc took flight the name of Jile, & foc Namec Phare, name that became common to the buildings same kind. Sofl: race, famous Archicect Gnidien, en donna les deffins, & pre-fida at the exccucion, who, felon the author that we have just quoted, couta one million eight cenc thousand pounds. Sofl: rate 1 Dec-il, touch6 the love of glory , and I do not wish to rejoice at it, I imagined an infcri ption touce has the advancement of this Prince; rnais he had it etched far an enduic artifl: ement apply for a preliminary infcription con ue in these cerms : Zoflrate Gnidian, son of Dexi„ phane, made this monument to our Gods confervateurs, & aufalut des n (z.vigateurs. Cecte .n1fe him reufic; because at the premiere infcrip• it lasted only once a year. vecut: enforte that the enduic coming to fe„ truire, L'auscre infcripcion paruc; & C'effl: par B iij .22 J NT ROD U C T I-0-N. this artificc that the name of this Architecl: e cH: come to us. We attribute Auffi to Pcolemee Philadel-rhc an idce fort ingenieufe que rapportePline (y): he charged, he says, Dinocr:ites I most cclebre Arcbite 1st of this time-1: i, of b. itir a Temple in honor of ArGnoc it's frcur. The voucc of this building devotes ecre of picrre of magnet, has delfein of fuutenir cn air La Fiatue De B Princelfe, la.what a this effect) should have been all iron; but it death of the King & that of the Archicecl: e empc- chcrent the execution of this project. If the Egyptians recognize the universe by the immanent eccndue of the buildings that !cr- see from model to the Greeks, like us we shall say it soon; he rose up auffi in Judea a Temple no less admirable by the be ute of FA diffhibucion & that of ma- tieres clont it ccoit enriched. About nine one hundred and four years before our age, Salomon fit con_aruire a Jerufalem Le Tem- famous ple who wears fon nom. For the exe- a great project, he prayed Hiram, King of Tyr, to send him Fon Architec1e Adoniram, fuck whose driving this mo- it wasn't cleve. Thirty thousand Fes fujetsforent employed at the conftruc1ion of the edi- ( y)Plir.e, liv. 34, ch:ip.1 14- .22 J NT ROD U C T I-0-N. this artificc that the name of this Architecl: e cH: come to us. We attribute Auffi to Pcolemee Philadel-rhc an idce fort ingenieufe que rapportePline (y): he charged, he says, Dinocr:ites I most cclebre Arcbite 1st of this time-1: i, of b. itir a Temple in honor of ArGnoc it's frcur. The voucc of this building devotes ecre of picrre of magnet, has delfein of fuutenir cn air La Fiatue De B Princelfe, la.what a this effect) should have been all iron; but it death of the King & that of the Archicecl: e empc- chcrent the execution of this project. If the Egyptians recognize the universe by the immanent eccndue of the buildings that !cr- see from model to the Greeks, like us we shall say it soon; he rose up auffi in Judea a Temple no less admirable by the be ute of FA diffhibucion & that of ma- tieres clont it ccoit enriched. About nine one hundred and four years before our age, Salomon fit con_aruire a Jerufalem Le Tem- famous ple who wears fon nom. For the exe- a great project, he prayed Hiram, King of Tyr, to send him Fon Architec1e Adoniram, fuck whose driving this mo- it wasn't cleve. Thirty thousand Fes fujetsforent employed at the conftruc1ion of the edi- ( y)Plir.e, liv. 34, ch:ip.1 14- ] NTRODUCT T 1 0 N. !.3 fice, among those there are always a thousand jobs. Independent of those- here, The King of Tyre had provided a. Solomon „ of the Syd-Tonians, charged with cutting Lebanon's forests nece!Pre- trim some materials. The foundations from the Temple were jeceescres-profundemenc... Stones of a sizeimmenfe & a perfect whiteness were employed A Ja confl: rucl: ion of the walls. The width of this Ecoic Temple of twenty c0t1dees (Z), falon- gueur de foixante , & FA height the double of falargeur: the stockings have twenty coudees of pupil: I. cion, & fervoienc of bows- boucancs; they ecoienc encircles of a body of bacimenc compofe of three erages, cha- cun of trence pieces. Any c: ec edifice ecoic from formequadrangubire, confl: Ruit en gran (t)to the Philibtrt report of!orme, liv.s, Ch. 2,1 A G omctric for one toife and a half valantfix common elbows. Perrault für Vitrure, liv. , , chapter 1cr, after Philandcr's remark that there are three strong elbows: 1° 1A large that echoes 9 feet, faifant about 8 feet 2 inches of King: 2° the moycnnecfe 2. feet, revenanc has about a i foot IO inches deRoi: 3° the small of a foot & a half of King, minus 1 inch jcdemi. It is necessary to prefume quc Ja cubdee so it is!1 here c: iuefüon Etoit Ia graode elbow, judging at least by the diameter of the columns that dcoren the enclosure of the Temple_, & dom he EIL P: nlc d'apn: s Villapande in this. defcnpuon. Biv ] NTRODUCT T 1 0 N. !.3 fice, among those there are always a thousand jobs. Independent of those- here, The King of Tyre had provided a. Solomon „ of the Syd-Tonians, charged with cutting Lebanon's forests nece!Pre- trim some materials. The foundations from the Temple were jeceescres-profundemenc... Stones of a sizeimmenfe & a perfect whiteness were employed A Ja confl: rucl: ion of the walls. The width of this Ecoic Temple of twenty c0t1dees (Z), falon- gueur de foixante , & FA height the double of falargeur: the stockings have twenty coudees of pupil: I. cion, & fervoienc of bows- boucancs; they ecoienc encircles of a body of bacimenc compofe of three erages, cha- cun of trence pieces. Any c: ec edifice ecoic from formequadrangubire, confl: Ruit en gran (t)to the Philibtrt report of!orme, liv.s, Ch. 2,1 A G omctric for one toife and a half valantfix common elbows. Perrault für Vitrure, liv. , , chapter 1cr, after Philandcr's remark that there are three strong elbows: 1° 1A large that echoes 9 feet, faifant about 8 feet 2 inches of King: 2° the moycnnecfe 2. feet, revenanc has about a i foot IO inches deRoi: 3° the small of a foot & a half of King, minus 1 inch jcdemi. It is necessary to prefume quc Ja cubdee so it is!1 here c: iuefüon Etoit Ia graode elbow, judging at least by the diameter of the columns that dcoren the enclosure of the Temple_, & dom he EIL P: nlc d'apn: s Villapande in this. defcnpuon. Biv .:.+ lNrRonucTioN: cedar wood part, & O/rev tu.! nemenrs of a richeffeextreme; it was ache ve in the VET sector Solomon divided it into two parts,so one was defected to the fancl: uaire, i!:c the other refers to facrifiers. This one that we name1 I Temple was feparee of the fanc1uaire by large wooden doors Cedar, Covered With Golden James. Villapande ( a) in the definition that it gave us this Temple, brought up the number of columns has fourteen fifty- rrois; he adds that these columns believe of white marble & see fix diamctre feet,&. gue !BSC more small echo the half of the precedents. This Aureur preverends auffi that the columns Etoy corinthicnnes, in what it efl: contradicted by Virruve which assigns a. Callimague, pofterieur aSalomon, the invention de !'order corinthicn (b). The Temple demeu.ra in fa fplendeurpendant toure B duration of the Kingdom of Salo (to) Villapande, liv. 8. (b) I could never be true, as I said before, that the capital of the colonists of the Temple of Solomon. reffcmblat with the leaves of the Corinthian chapireau of Callimique; but how hard we have this Greek sculptor .G. cc:lebre We know him!fons. f N T lt. D D U C T 1 D N, 1 J n1on, which fire of forty years, f > [. juf9u'a the fifth of that of Rehoboam son. Then Sezach, King of Egypt, ecant when Jerufalem came near, he seized the Temple. & he took away the riches. Since it ecoula Temple fuc gives up. Finally Joas, King and he repaired it from Judah, by means of a con: ribution offerce by the people; but quarre cenc sixty years after FA con!l: rucrion, Nabuchodonofor having conquered Jerufalem, this monument was bnile & Conte the town reduice ash. Seventy years after this signing, Cyrus, king of Pearl, permic to the Jews , no feulemenc to return to Paleftine, but still to rebut Jerufalem & d'y confl: ruire tm New Temple. These fircnc all their efforts to ensure that it equalac the premicr; but, felon the hiil: oire, he had no < I play half of FES dirnenfions. A pres the morc De Cyrus, Camby fe fon fils, excice parles Samarirains & par les aucres Nation voifines, defendic to the Jews of concinuer b. rebuilding their fertile Temple. Darius more forgiving than Cambyfe fon predecessor , fe bilJ:1. arrow to the prayers of Zorobabel, & allow _b CC concinuacion monumenc, which foc completes the year fixicme de fon regne. 1.6 l. vproduction. Amiochus, King dcsyria, aprcs av0ir ete re<;t-1 in Jerufalem, ruined this City, mit I Temple to plunder, & abolic lc cult of the God of Ifrai.: L. This Fire King defeated by Judas Machabee, fon arrnee defeat, the Templepurifie & re-restored. The Romans ayanc wanted to Erend their domination in Ja Judee, Pompcc Temple. Herod the ayanc taken over, Ie fit demo ... lir;&.:a FA piace, il en fitelever un troiGeme de the same greatness as that of Solomon, & of a prodigieufe magnificence. The war of the inhabitants of Jerufalem a. the Idumeans and the voifins, occafionna to the dcfl: whole rucrion of 1a J U dee; Vefpa- Jicn profica of these disorders i:. block the City. Titus charges to concinuer the fiege, 1A took & Ja ruina jufque in fes fondemencs: the fire put at the gates of the Templeparvinc yufqu'a La galerie, the orders of Ticus could not stop the effects of the fire. Ainfi was reduced to ashes this troi. fieme Temple, clone to defirucl.: ion avoit ete predicted by the Savior: at refie fa entire ruin & 1A. concradicl: ion reigning among Ies Others who have spoken about it, we laHfenc fort uncertain for Ia veritable order of what a monument. We have Vll previously that the lNTRODUCTION. 2.7 The Egyptians managed aelever de va!L: buildings, but in the grandeur folidire reneent place of beauces of art. They meconnurenten effect this beautiful order- nance of which: ifpecr announces- fices that she decorates: the art of conll: ruire des vot1tes ecant ignores at home, they do not drill make fes columns boil that I fourenir enormous burdens. Happy to have pro- portione to their befoins the height & theprolfeur of these support points, they do not Fe dou- tient pasque the expreffion of an order, ainfi that the beauty of a column, confill: e da.ns the ratio of fon diameter A. Ja highcur of FA rige, enforce that they ignorerenr lcs three expreffions folide, moyennc & delicate , which characterise the RCMP orders. However, it must be agreed that the- nurnents of Egypt did not contribute it may be that the Greeks buy into the architecture: ure. Lighting by the fencementfurles true beauties of art, the The Greek authorities are committed to improving the- of the Egyptians; they were, by setting up the dominant güc of the population for the gigancefque, will affign their buildings of the proportions,, fix 1A rule- rite of their prescription. L s Egyptians not having in mind that lc great & the wonder- lcux, ccoient venns à fait de confcruire lNTRODUCTION. 2.7 The Egyptians managed aelever de va!L: buildings, but in the grandeur folidire reneent place of beauces of art. They meconnurenten effect this beautiful order- nance of which: ifpecr announces- fices that she decorates: the art of conll: ruire des vot1tes ecant ignores at home, they do not drill make fes columns boil that I fourenir enormous burdens. Happy to have pro- portione to their befoins the height & theprolfeur of these support points, they do not Fe dou- tient pasque the expreffion of an order, ainfi that the beauty of a column, confill: e da.ns the ratio of fon diameter A. Ja highcur of FA rige, enforce that they ignorerenr lcs three expreffions folide, moyennc & delicate , which characterise the RCMP orders. However, it must be agreed that the- nurnents of Egypt did not contribute it may be that the Greeks buy into the architecture: ure. Lighting by the fencementfurles true beauties of art, the The Greek authorities are committed to improving the- of the Egyptians; they were, by setting up the dominant güc of the population for the gigancefque, will affign their buildings of the proportions,, fix 1A rule- rite of their prescription. L s Egyptians not having in mind that lc great & the wonder- lcux, ccoient venns à fait de confcruire s lNrRonucTroN • .ivec folidite; !the Greeks managed to discover the real gollt of Architecture: those-the br{dant du defir De s'emortalifer, deal with the difficulties of the hand, by the way d:cuvre, have negligence !it is fineifes of the execution & meconnu the gdces of art; the others gave to their productions this regularity, this correction, this jufleife <..Jlli fotisfait L'ame ' & prefence a admirable concert in the eyes of the fpeccaceurccbire. In a mute, we can watch the Greeks as the creators of Archicecture proper, & confider them as the first ones who were worthy of having imitators; auffi did not reach not fans of great efforts has. of perfection, & it was only after they had learned to fub.flirting with their models a lighter prescription , &that they Fe furenc apper us than 1A. Egyptians do not prefer maifes loaded with ornaments, qni, according to us, they are more gigantic than satisfactory. However, all report of Pliny (c), Jesegyptians Fe boast to have poifede 1A paint 6000years before it was known in Greece: What would prove at least that Egypt, (,) Plinc, lib. 35, cape town. 3• ] NT ROD U C Tt / 0 N. 29 we obferve it, doic CTRC looked like the cradle of a rts. It's not gonna be a long alfez eface. from cemps that the Greeks im.aginerent de petrir, Faer the brick & do it cook an fire, invencion 9u'li durenr, felo11 Pliny, A. Lnrichus & L A Hyperbius 'freres' habirancs of the Excise. Homere in parlanc of the Palace of Priam & d'alquinoüs, fume do not confifter h rnagnificence than in FA difpofition, in 1A richeffe des macieres, & the ornamencs employed in the interior, & die nothing - obvious proportions in these buildings -this. It was Cadmus who brought in Greece 1'art of cravailler les mec.mx. by making attentifa tollt what !en avoit precedes, in cultivanc the Arts of deffin, De Ja 1A Scnlpture paint, ainft that the Mathematiqnes, the Greeks do not carderenc .to get great connoi! fa. nc-es in 1'Archicecrure. So we vic c; ' clever in diverfes-concrees . from Greece of monuments qtli by H beaute of their orders.NCE, erasing monuments Egyptians. The Ionians in erigerenc one to Theos in honor of Bacchus. This Ten'lple encoura a rank of colonn.es fut confiruic fur Herm's deffins.og nes, a 30 IN Till.0 C TI ON: of the greatest Archicecl: es of antiquity : & dont Vitd.tve looks at com books• the fork where the best precepts were smelled arc. The mcme Hermogenes fit building a temple in Magnefie, City of Decay, in honor of Diane. Among so many Templcs dedies acette Divinice , perfonne ignores only that of Ephcfe ranks first (d), no other he did not match it in grandeur or magnificence; it has four-cenc-twenty five picds of length, & dcux one hundred twenty C of width; fon for outdoor court eroic env ironne of two rows of columns of Ja hauceur de foixante feet (E); they were a hundred twenty EFF, of which thirty are enriched admirable ornemenrs by the most skillful ( of) To the report of Vitruvius, 1A fl: atue of Ja deeffe etoit cedar. According to Pliny, quoted by i father 1\.1confaucon, eile Eroit d'ebene; Xenophon prefers that she eroit d'yvoire; others claim that it is made of a vine Vine. These repffement this Divinire in chalfere!fe, those she's surrounded by strips, so she looks like she's doing the best she can. : fur these bandelerres believe attributes & symbols representing nature: most give it plufieurs mamelles pour Mfigner que elle itoit Ja nurrice animals & plants. (c) Vitruve pretend that it was Ctefiphon who I: went1 plowers machines for 1:: lifting dependable burdens, such as the columns of this Temple that stand out of marble & of a block feul; he tells auffi how we found the career of where we have tirc: the matricals who have ferYi beating CC Temple. IN T R o D u c T I o N 3 r Sculptors of 1A Greece; an encr': iutres parScop: is. To the report of Vicruve ( / ), dePaufanias (g) & De Pomponius-Mela (H), EC Temple fuc the first monument he gave the columns money. We will observe that Spon, in fes voyages, die avoir trove a L'ndroic OT't Ephefe etoic füuce, fix columns, rcfi: es presumably debris from Diane's Temple. Ccpendanc 1A hauceur of these columns, felon This Writer, has a little. less than forty feet, fur fcpc picds of dixt; tre, error that can come from AI difference of the mcfore so it is cfl: fcrvi, to that qni ccoit then CN ufugc' Oll ' of this that LCS Ionian ayanc reb, 1ti plovers times this Temple, the proportion of the columns it varies in different ccs confl:rncHons; in effec Spon describes these fix columns as ecanc of Doric order, candis que, felon Vicruve !Ionic ccoic order. Tout l'afie vouluc contribute to the erection why temples. We employed, [Elon Pline (i), two hundred twenty years ale batir. Will ([) Vitruve, liv. 4. (g) Paufanias , liv. 4. (h) Pom_ponius -Mela , liv. I (,) Full, liv. 3G. 13iIN T R OD U C T I O N. bon (k) & Vitruve (l) name for the first Archicecl:e of this expensive monument....: fiphon or Ccefiphon, to which fucceda fon son Mecagenes, & D. This one plufieurs an- very, among which there are Metrines & Peooius. Ero!l: race wanting to make Fon name paffer a la po!l: erice, imagine burning the fear- ple d'ephefo, & set fire to the mcme nuic that Alexander was born; but he was raised with a fompcuolite fans equal crazy the re- of this Prince, & fur the Deffins of the Ar- chicecl: it's Cherenocrates. Neron pilla in 1a foice cous the crefors of this monument gue1es Gots finaleverenc of ruiner mad 1e regnede Gallien. The Temple of Juno in Samos, and the highest temple in the city, it has been beaten for the first time in Argo time- nauces. 11 fnc recabli par Ricus De Samos. Was this Archicecre helpful in this work by/on filsTheod?re who finished it alone. Celni- here ptilia a dekripcion of the Temple, con- cenant exacremenc the necks of the decails of fa con!l:ruäion (m ). The celebrity of what fear- (K) Strabon, liv. I 4. ( ./ ,) Vitruve, liv. 7. < m) to Vitruve's report, this de [cription Fe lifoit: 1ncore of the time of Augustus. 13iIN T R OD U C T I O N. bon (k) & Vitruve (l) name for the first Archicecl:e of this expensive monument....: fiphon or Ccefiphon, to which fucceda fon son Mecagenes, & D. This one plufieurs an- very, among which there are Metrines & Peooius. Ero!l: race wanting to make Fon name paffer a la po!l: erice, imagine burning the fear- ple d'ephefo, & set fire to the mcme nuic that Alexander was born; but he was raised with a fompcuolite fans equal crazy the re- of this Prince, & fur the Deffins of the Ar- chicecl: it's Cherenocrates. Neron pilla in 1a foice cous the crefors of this monument gue1es Gots finaleverenc of ruiner mad 1e regnede Gallien. The Temple of Juno in Samos, and the highest temple in the city, it has been beaten for the first time in Argo time- nauces. 11 fnc recabli par Ricus De Samos. Was this Archicecre helpful in this work by/on filsTheod?re who finished it alone. Celni- here ptilia a dekripcion of the Temple, con- cenant exacremenc the necks of the decails of fa con!l:ruäion (m ). The celebrity of what fear- (K) Strabon, liv. I 4. ( ./ ,) Vitruve, liv. 7. < m) to Vitruve's report, this de [cription Fe lifoit: 1ncore of the time of Augustus. fNT ROD U C Tl ON. in the case of a ) of doucer that it was not one of the most beautiful monuments of Greece; at least let Herodotus and Paufanias tell us about it. The name of Thiodore ( n) who was its architect can only give one great idea. Trophonius & Agamedes, the two mostancient Greek architects, whose name liver jufqu1a reached us, have acquired a great reputation by the famous templed'apollon a Delphi I nevertheless the medailfes who refactored us & who reprimanded FA form quarree, encouree of porticos, let us design an idea aifez peuavancageufe; & we feroic try to believe that this Temple, as we learn from the pere Montfaucon (o), etoit more recommendable par !'Oracle that tour Greece and allot confulcer, & by the immenfes trefors so the Princes & the particuians have it enriched, only by the beauty of fon Architecture. 11 fuc bn11e Ja premiere annec de 1A fifty-eighth Olympiad, & releve by Spincarius, Archicecre of Corinrhe. Peonius, one of the Archicecres who had (n) Theodore tfr Le meme Architelte qui conftru: uc Je labyrinth De Lemnos * cite pag. 17, Not. (o). (o ) Premiere Panic, tit. 1.. TomeL C 1 4 introduction. crc charges of fa O 1duire du Tempfe Dediane a Ephefe & Daphnis Milefien, firentb.- hir that of Apollo A1\1ilet. This is the greatest of all those who are celebrating this day, c. roit con1: truit cm marble <. Ionic order ainfi quele Temple of Diane, ß [. 'don't make him hell- ieur, felon Vitruve (p), ni en GR < 11dcur nien beaute ; we can also see the praise Pliny has Lüße of this monument. Another Temple was raised in Arcadia, prcs of Mount Corycins, take the lead of Icrinus, in honor of Apollo the fecurable. This is your vote.te cn stones, felon Paufanias (q), .[. plump for a plump beautiful monuments of antiquity. The talents of Ic1it1us & Cc1llicratcs do not contribute little to the value of, among the Athenians, 1st magnificence of Periclcs in the buildings he had erected. These two architecl-es confl: roared in the Citadel from Athens the Temple of J\.1inerve , call Parthenon, C'efl: - i.e. the Temple of the Virgin H. This order 111onur11ent dori- L) UC, & here fubfi!l: E again partly, efl: recrangular by fon plan, comrne echo all the temples of the ancients; fa (p) Vitruve, Pref. liv. 7, ( q) Paur"niai, liv. 8.