TREATY ARCHITECTURE, or PROPORTIONS THREE GREEK ORDERS. ON VN TWELVE GAME MODULE ^ AT TREVES FOREWORD. , CIVIL ARCHITECTURE eiî a fdencc which learn to train in rEfprit, & to trace the Paper the Plan of a Building, a Palace, a Building, Monument, & even Bridges, to build them so that they meet tooth for the Intention of him who raises them, & i the man he has proposed to put in it. EDIFICE is an architectural work enclosed in a certain efpacc, where we practice Chambers, Doors, Tenet trees, & the other parts of a Maifon, needed Poia * hs conveniences of life, felon Tufage that Ton wants to make. We hear crazy the name of Building minus a Defined Building l the habitation, that a ^^ - ande Place, a town hall, a yes "- AT f fc, a Bibliotliequc or other public work, which announces by the outside an ordinance which, embellishing the Capital, iilufter the taste of the Nation where these Buildings are erected, (a) The Place of Vendôme, the Périftile du Louvre, the Grenel fountain in Paris, do like this. The Coh ^ edifice is called the one whose proportions, the Eten- due, the dimenfions, & the heights make confideable; as eft the Portal of St. Sulpice in Paris, built by Mr. Servandoni, that of St. GeFvais built by Mr. Manfard, & that of St. Vincent of Metz built by the Author of the prefect work. PALACE. Under this name is meant a building designed to remains of a Sovereign, & whose Grandeur, magniHcen- this, & the choice of Ornaments meet the dignity of the Prfon- swimming that inhabits it: such do in Paris the Palais des Tuilleries & du Luxembourg, the Epifcopal Palace of Toul, & that of VVitt- lich built by the Author. BUILDING. Under this name we hear rather a Maifon bourgeoife, that the Refidencc of a çi'and Lord: it fuppofe less extensive & more economical than any other kind of Edi-i fice-, finally we ffentendend by Building a particular maifon, such than that of Mr. de Janvry Fauxbourg St. Germain in Paris, bat-J tied by Mr. Carteau, that of Mr. Galpin at Auteuil, built by Mr. Dullin. MONUMENT, Under this name we mean any work < û'Architefture & Sculpture designed to preserve the same (./) Fn i7fo. Mr. le Kfir (- '. Lial Duc de Bcleisle gave me the order t'c fnirc un P; QCt fear iitic Place Rryale in Metz; I gave him the yr as he will make the lunch f> aprJ. , with the »niojcns del'executcr. 11 approved it> may »famon en aps- p Bdu ex <; cutiou. ) great men, such as the Obelisks, the Maufo- les Arcs-de-Thriomphe. The Porte St. Denis in Paris, the Column of the hotel deSoifTons, the Tomb of Cardinal de Riche- place in the Eglife of Sorbonne make of this kind. The Buildings ^ created of this kind & make calls mo- numents, such as the Eglifes of the Sorbonne, Val-de-Grâ- this & others like the Eglife of St. Vincent de Metz completed by the Author in i 7 5 o. D CIVIL ARCHITECTURE has three main objects, fac- see : CONSTRUCTION, which is about solidity. DISTRIBUTION, which is about convenience. THE DECORATION, which has as its object the order of the Bâ- generally i'OA ^ diftingue auflî plufîeurs kinds d'Arcliite £ lurè since the Greeks up to us, have: D ANTIQUE, 'D ANCIENT, GOTHIC, ^ THE MODERN, D ANTIQUE is most generally estimated for the juftef- fede fes proportions; she was fled by the Romans, & a weakened until the decadence of their Empire; she sucked the François à la Gotliique, the Maifon Castle built by Fnm- cois ÎManfard, eH in the ancient taste. (") D ANCIENT differs from Antiquity in its ex cefeur excef- fîve & le chok de fes ornemens -, it originates from . (“) This maifon ai 2 leagues from Paris between Seine & Marne at thence dcCha, reiiton. A 2 of Eastern Empire; it gave birth to Gothic: more " fieurs Buildings facrés in France make of this kind, {a) GOTHIC calls it modern, differs from the old by the artifice of my work & the elegance of its proportions; she originates from the North, by the Moors & by the Goths-, pref- that all the Church of France & Germany make of this gen- re. Qi) This Architechu'e should not have been compai-able to the antique that in that it is full of false doors of the bankrupts of lures, butts of lamps & marmoufets. MODERN is the one who, participating in Proportions antique for the prescription, includes the Elegance of the forms & the convenience of it. The French Nation at furpafsé all other nations like this, having reconciled these three parts of ConftruOnon, Diftribution, & deDécoranon. The Château de Clagny built by Hardouin Manfard efl: \ în Chef d'œu- which brings together these three Parts - That of Philipps - Freud Baâ for His Alteffe Electorale de Trêves in 1762.3 Wictiich par the Author, also brings together foUditc, convenience, & De- coration or order, which make the three necessary parts to reconcile for the half of the hununcb, to put them so much to covered with insults of time, that to give them dem- res, & fabulous dwellings, suitable, convenient, weak nes & pleasant. This Architecture fe recognizes both in fon deflcin, that in Fa Conftruclion or Edification. (/ ») Like the Catliédralc de Verdun, part of that of Trêves. (*) The Cathedrals of Rheims, of \! Ct2, of Strasbourg, of Toul & c. infmc them Church of NAti-e Daine de Trêves, St. Vincent de Metz, St. Vanne de Verdun, fli others make tasteGcthique. "^ O ^ By fon defTein we know the distribution of apartments- their amenities & ufages, the beautiful appearance of the Building, the just agreement between the relationship of the parties, & Tele- that of their Proportion. This is made known by three different challenges, the Plan, the Uvation, iff the Cup. THE PLAN shows the extent, the division and the division of the land. kidney, as defined by the one who has it destroyed. The £ LÊF / iT70Arqui which shows the Facades, Doors, Fe- our beings, the Floors & what can be seen from the outside. THE CUT is the one who shows it all inside. And it is these three delTeins that we fpécifîe the depenfe & the time conftruQiion; to form the Quotes, Drafts & Con- traiSls. CONSTRUCTION, We mean by the word conftruaiort, Tart to arrange the different materials of a Building, to to bind together with solidity, & to unite the Carpentry, the large irons, the Menuferie & c. & finally by conflruclion we conceive the art of building in relation to the maci're auflî although to the work. One of the most interteflantcs of the conftruGion, in Masonry relative to Part, it is the cutting of stones 5 in carpentry, woodworking, in the lock- laughs, the link that it must i-weave at the Building; in the Menu- pride, convenience & the lulubritc it produces in the interior riem- apartments. FORM defines in ArchiteQure the beauty & grace of contours of a circular or mixed line plane. It is said that this form is: unpleasant, vicious, imperfect te or on the contrary, that she is elegant, ingenious, noble, ma- jeflueufe. Confidential forms mainly in the art of profiling or to bypass some member of ArchiteOrurc, or of Sculp- ture, which cannot fe geometrically, but whining by habit (Know the taste; this last part can only be acquired through the exercise of deflein & the imitation of most approved works. FROrORTION: Most interesting part of TArchiteau- re; it is she who determines the dimensions, sizes, Heights ,. the depths of the Plans & Facades of a Building is lying. It is through it that a Building acquires an intimate relationship me between the whole & its parts, 8z that each member fc finds- ve in fa place. We cannot achieve this awareness, fi eflen- tielle, that through the fecours of Mathematics & the Study of Principles cipes of Ancient Architecture; see 47 ^. propofition of i ^ Book of Elem% of Euclid which discovers & gives rise to lengths 8z widths of the Rooms & Cabinets & provides the di- menfions that must have window panes. ORNEMEATT: Sculpture work that enriches Architeûure, & which spoils the character. Of that number make the Capitals of the Ionic, & Corinthian orders. The ornaments are usually allegorical, fymbolic, or arbitrary; but in any case they must fereflen- from the strength or clcgance, from the order they make part. One must carefully use ornaments outside; their extravagance harms all of the mayi, overwhelms the par- ties & corrupts details. The elevations of the Cour du Lou- your would have a better effect if you had them a little less ornamental wheat, & the Periphery in front of this Palace is beautiful blow heard better in this part. The Portal of St. Clement in Metz sin aulfi by too many ill-understood ornaments; the one from St. Vincent of the same city, where he saved, made the ad- rniration of the curious. AMPHITHEATERS. Large circular buildings or elliptical, which among the ancients listen to exercises Gymnastics, or fighting wild beasts; the Am- Phitheater of Veipafian calls the Collicea, & that of Verona in Italy, make the most famous ones that reflect us from antiquity. We have two in France (having the Arena of Nîmes & of the City of Arles; those are mostly destroyed, but the others are more confident. COLOSSAL COLOSSAL: Monument too confidable to enter the ordinance of a Building. Such do in Rome the Columns Trajane ôc Antonme, in Paris the Column of the hotel from Soiffons; these Columns are fantastic in the proportions of the Or- dres, but have no entablature; they fervently receive as their Cliapiteau a pedeftre Statue or a high Balufbrade fccle. OBELISQUE, efpece of quadrangular Piramide which goes up. ve in the middle of the Squares, on a long path or in the center a Forest; It is the Egyptians who make them the inventors> the main squares of Rome have them decorated; he does not than one in Arles in France. . We only make use of the Obelisks in the Tomb Decoration, desCaDf: Jques, des Maufo- lées.-cnyplace still some piramid.s. CIRCUS is the place of the Greeks for pubUc games; among the Romans it was a large place where fc made the courfc Carts; the most magnificent were the great Circus of gufte, those of Flaminius & Néron. FOR TIQUE, Gallery formed by Arcades fans closetu- re, as done in Paris that of the Grande Cour des Invalides * from Luxembourg, from the Touloufe hotel; We call Portico in colonnade whoever has Columns distributed in front of right feet, like that of) aCour royale du Château de Vin- dennies of Doric order, built by the Calf ièlon a new fifléme for the coupling of the Columns of this Order. BATHS: Keto in the Ancients a large building comprising apartment course, rooms, bathrooms for the perf Hes de l'ôc de la auti'e fexe, surrounded by Etuvcs, by Gai'de-ro * bes »These public buildings are abolutely missing in Yance i il y enaun in Aix en Provence newly merged. ARC- DE- TRIOMPHE, magnificent monument erected at the gloi- re of a Monarch to transfer to memory the memory of fon Triomphe, • those of Titus, Conftantine & Septime Sй vère, make the most famous the application of orders in the Decora- tion of the Facades> (a) or just the proportions, the CarafterejOu the expression of each of them, when the economy, or whatever other particular confidation cannot allow the Columns ^ or the Pilaftres. We say this ordinance efl: ruftique, folideoi " elegant, when the main members who compose fa coration make imitated orders Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian. GOODNESS: term that defies, Vitruvian felon, 'the re- outfit that we must keep in each kind of building, relative- lie to the dignity of the people for whom 1 one is yawning. The benefit- ance embrafîlé aufli the choice of ornaments, dc the application of fvmboles Sc of the allegories, which must be analogous to 1 ufige Faceted Buildings, Public Places & Palaces of Kings, (l ^) EXHIBITION, the most interesting part of a Building, It is: it which determines the form of a Plr ^ n, & which dansfà diilri- bution makes the Corps de Logis prefer the double wings, or: single, or double - female, in order to have summer apartments ôc d hyvcr, felony that the building finds high in the countryside or in the Capital. The Castles of Meudon, of St. Germain- en- Lave, that of Montmorency make a veryavan Expofition- tageufc. (c) Most of our Buildings along the edge of the K: - viere, make for a very nice Expofition. DISTRIBUTION; we mean by this term the divifiondcs parts which make up the Plan of a Building, & whose fituation depends on the different uses of the parade apartments, deibcié- (./) \ 'oyc2 raflTemblagc pilaftrcs to facts dn Wittlkh Castle & their proportion tion relating to windows. (*) Ch3: cau t'e Wittlich surrounded by a Roman order a / inoncc aflez la dctncure an Ecclefiaftiqiic Elector. (4) I. the output of the Chatitto of Wittlich is found ■ magiiifiijue in the irojen of the doubles Ttrraircs piojeitces between the Castle & Ja ^ iUe, fê & de convenience, La diftribndon efl; one of the parts of the Ar * chite £ ture, by which our Architeftes François fe made a very good reputation 5 having, so to speak, created since about 30 years, a new Art from this part of the Building, DECORATION 'Theatrical, we mean the location wherefepafTelaScène; such as a Temple, a Public Square, a Palace, Lounge, Forest, or Garden. The decoration re- latively to Architecture, is the part that announces the most vi- weakly the capacity of an Architect "&" who demands the most " The theory of Fon Art. It is through the decoration that the house of remembrances is appropriately eaten away rains with that of individuals, O that we give to monu- mens fècrés, (ïï) at Public Buildings & other important works tance, this charaÊtere dericheflcs which impofes & decides the taste undermining of a Nation for the art of building. Like decoration- Buildings are utterly foreign to convenience & publicity dictated, & that its only object is the approval ÔC la Magnificen- this, there is no doubt that not all fcs parts should be meditated ôc settled fleeing the laws of Convenience, & commend the most universally approved principles. The orders of Ar- architecture & their ordinances must be guided in the compofition of any kind of decoration: It is by their applica- more or less form, or more or less form, that we ac- <] uses the art of giving each Building this charaftere or this ex- preirion ruftique, folide, nioyenncjdéIicate or compofée, quepréfen- îe the assembly of the whole ôc of the parts of the Doric Orders, loniqnc, & Corinthian, which were passed down to us by the ancients, & l! Àns the awareness of which it is difficult to reach the greatest lucçès. We also call decoration the embellishment of our ap- j i {, '0 I-s Portal of the Eglife of St. Vincent de Metz decor * of the three Greek orders with z6. Columns, announces their magnificence, do it Religious and that of the Architefte. B 2 parts, part which in truth requires less fcvenrc than the outside, but nevertheless which has never been treated with more ele gance than prefer. CONVENIENCE; suitability should be viewed as me the part that must precede in the art of building. It indicates the beneficence which one must observe in all the Efpeces of Edifi- these, their sizes, their forms, their prescriptions, their richefiès èc leur (Implicite. C'efl: elle qui afHgne les allegories » the attributes suitable for each type of Building; it is she which regulates the dependence or the economy, which determines the choice of materials, their use, the quality of materials; finally it is by The spirit of Convenience that is crazy about the principles we believe in comes to give different forms to high buildings for the same end, commend the rank, dignity or opulence of the owners shut up. HOUSING in Architecture; cemotfignific a Building defined for the abode of men, Its purpose is' convenience in, inquiry into the art of tributary such as a Palace, a Maifbn of advocacy, a particular Building bind; what we should not hear from a faceted building, from an ArC de-Triomphe, a Fountain, a Place, a Market; of- strong that in the Architefture one dismantles the Buildings at the uftge of civilian life, suitable for housing, with those intended for fury, such as the City Gates, or any military work; those designed for utility, such as Bridges, highways ^ those designed for magnificence, such as the Périftyks> the Co.- lonnades, Obélisques, Fpacieux Gardens. COLONNADE: So we call a building made of more proud rows of columns in the style of the ancients, & forming a Pcriftile, as was almost in Paris that of the Louvre built by Claude Perduk, or the Colonnade of the Court of the Hôtel de Sou- Beast, bred for the defenses of Mr. de la Maire; or finally a circular column order forming an ingenious total, such that the Grove called the Colonnade in the Garden of Verfail- les y qui est le defîein de Jules HardouinManfard. GENERAL FRECEPTES CONCERNING THE DECORATION OF BUILDINGS. abstract of thïjîoire (Jt Archite ^ ure Ç ^ des arts liberals who make it relative ^ ARCHITECTURE is a science adorned with many people fies, & diverfe Erudition; to know, judge, compose iron, examine the works of the Workers ôcArtiftes, Oc to render a folution exafts fur all the parts which enter the Con- ftriiftion of Buildings. And whoever builds awareness of all these parts is looked like an Architefte, since this is what happens: prefixed by Vitruve, the oldest of the ArchiteQue Books re who the Greeks refuted to us, where it is said, that it is necessary that a Architect reads, writes, defines, Geometry, Arithmetic tick, combine the dimenfions of the Orders of the Columns, • that is fwant in Perfpe £ tive, in Philofophy, in History, in laMufique, in Medicine, that he was Juris-Confulte, Aftrologist knowing the movement of Heaven, 6c the course of Waters. JLoaciucnt i ^ Jyatutet. Foxes, Blereaux, Moles, fe ter; the Ca- ftorsfe form earthen vaults; les Hirondelles & lesGripe- Icts fe masons des Nests. These animals provided hom- mes the necessity to make Logemens; because formerly the are born like wild beasts in the caves & .forests This nourishing of wild animals, 6 ^ vivans alike- The necessity of guaranteeing insults from the Air made them amaflèrdes pile of wood which they built bara abolished the most beautiful monuments of the fairness. In the following fiècîes, the Archite £ l: ure became fi groffiere, that we had no intelligence of the Deffein which makes it all labe- high. One only thinks of making mad Buildings. Charle - Magne forgot nothing to raise the Archite6: ure. The François used this art with extraordinary success, as soon as Hugues Capet ascended to the Throne, Fon Son Robert cultivated it in the same way -, & finally, as much as the Turkish £ Arcliite Gothic was pefante & groffiere, -as much modern paffa in an excess of dcIicatefTc. Les ArchitcQcsdu i 3. & i 4 ^ .fiecles, who had some connoiflancc of Sculpture, fembloisne make the perfeûion of Architecture configate only in the delic- teflTe & the multitude of ornaments that they embellish with much blow of art & of faith, although fouvenc in a very capital way cieufe. The Efl Architeure: the most excellent by harmony of its proportions, & by the richness of its ornaments] it has fifte among the Romans until the decline of the Empire; & she has succeeded in Gothic since the end of paffé. The Architecture which is called amicnne is different from the ancient; C ^ eO: Grec- than modern: the Buildings made in this Architecture fi com- mune today in the East make children & poorly lit. The Doric, Ionic, & Coriinhim orders which we will make the report in this Treaty, was uncovered by the Architecles from Greece, & we only have the late Vitruvius which deals with these three Orders albeit imperfectly. Tofcan, Compofite or Romain, EfpagnoljFran- Orders çois & Allemand make derivatives of the three preceding Greek Orders, & were compofed by Architc £ Tofcans, Romans, Efpagnols, Fran (^ ois, & Germans, each wanting to produce something for Fa Patrie-, which should not be confused Vitruvian Corinthian compofé with the Romans compofite, Viaaive having only given it as a fertile Corindian both of them - from Doiique & Ionic. But before going into the detail of h. conftruSlion of Buildings, we will give a Lifte des Architeûes so old that modern people who bring our knowledge and whose work these are public both in Execution and in Project. "^ O ^ mm ^ mmmmmmièm. ¥ (_. ARCHITECTS OLD & MODERN. ■ ^ '^ èer 'Island, famous Archite £ le & Engineer in 1655. Abraham Boffe. Native archifedle c! e Tours; he was Painter & iicu'p- laugh; he friends to the day in 1643.13 cut Delaroue stones & gave to the public in i66f. a Trai- £ live pipe tee. / Eratojtbenes of Siena. Archi- xede from Vitruvian times. Agamedts, Greek Archifefte in 36CO. & son of Derginus Roy of Thebesj trèi fàvant, who did the famous Temple of Apollo at Del- Architeflure which we do not see plus the writings Agatarchus, Archivede difciple Afchile, who was the first wind of decorations. Agaihareus, Athenian Architeet, the first who wrote the Archi- tedure. Agefandre, Architefte & Sculp- who worked at Laocoon. Ageter ^ Byzantine Architect, who invented the Bellier that Vitruve has described. St. Agricole- ^ Evcquede Châlons fur Saône i, Archite £ te, who did phes; as a reward he died building the Cathedral & more ^ Three days after asking ^^ is other Elglifes. Apollo what was most useful â man, & received for answer that it is the morr; that is why he got it having previously built the Temple of the Ebadia. ^ Arapitus Ar: hiteifte, which being among the Efiens, made the Portico named Agapitus. f ^ gafiftratesi Architeûc, Author Alexandre Algard), Architeflc Boulonnois. Alexandre ManfmUe ^ Architeélc. Alexandre Sevenen, Archite £ te Marine engineer, who failed DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE. Alexis Canoy Archite £ le, Sculp- teur & Mathematician, born in Gre- nade in 1600. good Father Michel Cano gave him the first le- Lessons from Architeflure in 1638- ileft died in Granada in 1676. aged 76. years. yilypiHs d'Antioche, Architec- are you kidding the Emperor Julien the year of J.C. 363. he can charge of the Crown. Alori ::. " Perruguette ^ Painter, Sculp- tor ôc Architect, native of Pa- redes de Nava, difciple of Michel- Angel. Charle Quint made him Master Royal & Gentile Works man of the House; dead ileft in Madrid in i j'4f. AloJÎMSi Architect (before; he did in Rome, crazy Theodoric Prince of Oftrogôts, Bains & Aque- dukes. Amclie. eighth Abbot of Cî- teaux, which finished building (we Church & Fon Monaftere until I2ZI. that he left the name of Abbc for that of Solitaire. j4mnejins, Architect, who did a Temple to Apollo, from Ordon- pfeudodipteric nance, about- born from a Periftyle of 42. Columns, of which Vitruve describes the example. A »axagorAJ, Archi / e £ te & Philo- fophe, who wrote decorations from ArchiteCture. L. AmartHS Philcjlor ^ us, Archi- “ECte, Machinilte ôi Engineer. Q. Ancarius Nicojirutits, Ingéni- eur & Architect, son of L. Anca- rius Pluloftorgus. André Fehbten ^ ArchiteCtc favant in 169 ;. André le î ^ fftrci ArchiteCte Fran- * ^ çois. who made the Tu-i gardens illerics. André Organa ^ Painter, Sculp- teur & Architecle, native of Floren- what made the Gallery & the Cha- shovel from Stc. Virgin of Floren- this, in 1389- André Palladio. A Venetian architect yours in 1 d-63., died in If 80., a lo. Roman authors. André Pifam, Painter, Sculp- architect & architect, died in Floren- this in 1 3g9. 60 years old. The Gal- lerie de la place de Florence is from (a conitrudion. André de Pife, ArchiteCte (5c Sculptor; he drove various Edi- the land of the Florentines & Scarpia in 1337. It is claimed that it was André Pifam. ALfciiUriHs, Architect, who tra.luit in Latin the ArchiteCture of Valderanus. We don't believe her printed. André / ■ ^ froc ^ / tf, Architeâe, Pein- tre & Sculptor of Florence, dead in 1488. André dt Sienne, ArchiteCte & brother of Auguftin, Elevé de Jean from Pife. He became with my brother Superior of the works of Siena. AndronicHs from Cirette in the Macedonia, ArchiteCte who made the marble tower which sees in the ruins of Athens. AtigloGuddy ^^ \ sài ThadeoGid- dy; he made several efforts to EglLfes. AmhemiHs deTrales> ArchiteCte ^ ^ that made Ste. Sophie in Conftanti- nopie. ^ Kton'o Ldhaco .Archireûe, viui a writes the Archure, & who gave very good deflins. ^ Kttphilus, Arch itefte, which raised for the Carraginese in Oiimpieun Tréfor. ^ nitKchtdes, Architefle, who started to build the City of Athè- nes, & ic famous Temple of Jupi- ter Olimpieru Ar.t'gone, Architeéte & Sculpteur elder who wrote a Treaty of fon art. Antifiates, Architefte, who was at the start of the Building the City of Athens, & the famous Temple of Jupiter Olimpian, L. Anttiu f ArcJîitecle Romain, son of Lucius. Antoine Coyzeha "x, Sculptor & Architefte, who made the figures Pegafes at the swing bridge in Paris, the Tomb of Cardinal Mazarin, & the Monument to the glory of grand Colbert at St. Eullache at Paris. Amoniiis, Senator, Architect, who made Epidauredes Temples to all the Gods, others to Apollo. Awoi'ije BroKtel, Architect, who continued the Val de Grâce in Paris. AntoiKe Desgodets, Parifien, Ar- ch ireCle du Roy, born in iéf3. & died in 1727. he gave pu- blic les Antiquités Romane ^, ou- very rare & very beautiful, even wanted, to pretense moldings; & who updated lesLoix des Bâtîmens, which have commented by Mr. Goupy: he has auffi composed a Treaty of the Order françois & one of the domes & fur cutting stones, found in his papers; in 1693. he was appointed Architect of Rc.y: & in 1715. Professor of the Academy of Archi- tecture. Antoine le Pâture, ArchiteCte, who gave fbn Architecture in folio enriched with DifTertations by Au- guftin Charles d'Aviller: he has Enter the Pont Neuf in Paris. Antoine Sawaloy Architects. Apo / lodore from Damascus, excellent in Trajan's Crazy ArchiteCture, & did the column Trajanne; he died in 1 30. he built fur le Danube bridge with 21 arches, & the great Trajanne square in Rome, but for being too free in his words, Emperor A " drien killed him. Apollonus de Rergame> Archi * tecTe of tem de Vitruvius. Attenoditre, ArchiteCle & Sculp- who worked at Laocoon. Attgufltn from Siena, ArchiteCte, brother of Angel of Siena, Raised of John of Pife in \ 308; he said defiein for leMagiltratdeSienne, & was committed & choifi pour diri- & fur all toSfe Marie de 'Fiore, qm is one of the most bc Eg'.ife " , built far fes defTeins. Athence, Architefte Bizantir> towards Tan 262. he wrote fur the Archi- teclure au 2. fiécle. Az.on, Religious Archkti \ e, who built the Eglifc of Sens fous Léon IX, pard'Alençon, EvêquedeSens. Babel, Archivede françois, qui gave a Treaty of the five Or- dres j divides the module ea twelve games in 174: ^. who has for title, Ejfay fur les Orders dArcht- Kciure B ^ chanmont, Archite ^ e qui 3 does an ElTay on Painting, S-uI Jture, & the Architecture in I7fi '& i7f2. BAltazard Ferruzxy, Painter & Architects, born in Siena in ifoo. Baromtny Chevalier, Architects Roman. Bernardus 5 ^ // ^ "j, who started Vitruvian tee; admirable work & full of good taste. Barthekmi Carducho, Architects died in Pardo in 1610. aged 45 " years. Bat hy des Alag ^ nerie ", Architects, who built the Temples of Amicles consecrated to Graces i? ^ frwciKj, Ar> .lutedeàRome, qm built various temples at his expense, & Odavius ​​made them surround with Gaileries, Bofrand, Parifien Architects, & of the Academy in 1-27. which one summer in Lorraine, where he downgrades the Hotel "^ E ^ from Craon to prefer the Palais de la Sovereign Court; it was the Exa- stone cutting miner, beyond Ruë.avccieSr PhclibienSé freighter of the Académie d'Archi- tedure. Reaufire, ArchiteûeduRoy, & of the Paris City Hall in 172 ;. BermuUli, Archire £ le Parifien, which dealt with the Framework. Beiicard, Archite £ tefrançois, who won a prize in 174.8 fur the Triumphal Arches. Beanfire the Younger, Archite £ lede the Paris Academy in i7J'8- Bemdetto Furchiy who wrote from Architecture. Bdboenf, Archif efle François, who Milked the Architeâure Hydraulic. St. Bcnez. And says little Benoît ■, then Shepherd, native of Alvilar nearby Avignon, now Archite £ te by inspiration from Heaven to build the Pont d'Avignon, where it is trans wore at the age of iz years & said, that he came to build the bridge by Order of Heaven; he pofa feul a stone n feet long, 7 feet wide for foundation, he conducted the work of this Bridge with two brothers, which was completed in 11-year-old refpaoe; fled he I went to Lyon, where he built one another called the Pont du St. Efprit. lleftmorten 1,174 & the brothers have completed that of I yon in iiéf Bczky, Architefte Moscovite en 176 ;, quia fuperbe Fête al- le'gorique à Moscow fur la vâS & the paliion of the men decre-. frozen. Bertiin, Knight, Painter, Sculptor, & Architeâeen leso. He wanted to build two tours beyond the Dome of St. Peter of Rome, but the foundations have prevented it. Bejfarion, Greek Architect, who began to establish the rules of Vitruvian Archite with Ar- architects who confuse it; this book was looked at as the fbnge of Poliphile. ^,; / ir'nus i5c Carpion at the Temple of iMuierve. Calleschros y Architcûe, which | helped to start the City of Athens, 6c the famous Temple of Jupiter Olimpicn. Callimacits f Architefle & Schulp- native Corde, Author of MarqueeCorinthienen 540 avant Jefu-Chrift. Calliihatusi excellent. & Archivede. Camille Rufcome, MUanois, Archi- tefte & Sculpteur. Cammon, Archite £ le, who repaired the famous Labirinth as Daedalus had done. Le Camus, Architede & Secré- shut up of the Paris Academy in CamcJoHi, Architede & Sculp- tor. Cantifis Foihinus, Architede Fon- tenier, which from the time of the Romans conducted the Channels & Lead Fountains of the City of Rochefort across the Cha- annuity. Corporal, ArchiteAe, which has lied the f. first books of Vitruvian; who made the Dome of Milan, - & the Charterhouse of Pavia. Carache, Architects & famous Painter. Carpion ^ Architee qui atravail- at the Temple of Minerva at Athè ' born. Cauaux, Architects in Paris, in 1739, he made the dcffein ^ the Por- tail of the Eglife of the Little Fathers, Place de Vidoire in Paris i & d ^ c 1705 that of the Eglife of the Barna- biceç of the same City. Cajfiodore, Archire £ te & Mathc matician, iifitleMonartere of K * a- come where he has pafTt; the refte dr fa life, 6c a laifTé writings fur Ton art. Cerdoi Architefbe. quiafaitun fcelArc-de Triomphe. Chardin ^ Architect, who wrote of the Architefturej he announces that the temple of Perfepolis named todayTi.helmmarde40.Co lonnes, was built 4d-o. years before Moife who lived in i ^ i \ before JEfu> Chrill; have linked the Columns are older than the Do order risk of 771 years These Columns had Doric bafTs. Cefifodôrus t Architeûe & Sculp- old tor. Car as, Chalcedonian Architefte added to Bellier invented by Pé phafmenos & invented the Tor- kill. Charles Maderne, Archite (9th, who continued St. Peter of Rome in l6ia. Charles fenaldy, Architcâe, who makes a Capitol Wing i6fO. C ^ ambray, ArchiteiSe François, who gave the Parallel of the Archi- ancient & modern tedure in 1702. as those who had understood lied V'itruvc before Mr. Perauld, who make the 10. Roman Authors: he was named Rolland Freard Chambray. Chamois y Architefie Parifien, who raised the hotel de Lcuvois in Paris as far as Mr. Manfard's deiïins. Chantelou y Xr-hite. ^ E François. Chartdcts, Afchitedte. who needs no matter how hard the hitefture is. Dear or Caretes of Ltndoi ■ Archi- re £ le (5 legs; i! had to- re 'sd. years old & fell by an irem- earthly; ii was similarly tal. Le Charpentier, Architect of the A- Cadémie de Paris in 1760. Chereas, High Architect of Po- lydus Architect of Alexander. C ^ KVAutet, .Architect of Aca- demie from Paris in 17) 8. Chiram, Architee'teôc Sculpteur very fa \ atit, who did everything he there is more beautiful in the Temple than Solomon frightened uieu; he was much loved by Roy Salomon, Cho / ot, Architect in Paris, who made in 17 ^ 1 the Portal of the Egli- fedelaCharité Fauxbourg St. Ger- hand in Paris. ChriJIophe, Architects of the Aca- demie de Paris in ijj; 9- Chrtjhphe Ltmbard, Milanois, Architect & Painter; he did & painted the Dome of Milan in i f jfî. Chnjhphe U'afe, ArchitcCte An- glois Chrjfes, Architects of Alexandria, who made the dikes of Dara, Viilede e ^ o ^ Perfe to prevent flow & re- stream of the Euripe river. Chjrcfnphus, from the Isle of Crete, ArchiredCjqui a fairpIufieursTem ' magpies in the City of TegéeenAr- cady, in the elopornefe. Oriahue, Architect in Florence, died in i jco. 70.3 years old, Ciriades, Conful & Architefte, who built the Bafihque fous l'Empi- re from Théodofe Ciroferrj ^ Painter & Archite (Se, born in Rome in 1 6 ^ 4. died in 1689. in Rome. The Pspe Alexandre VIL & Your three Succeffeurs luy rendi- rent Juftice; he gave Rome Plans for several Grand Palais - & magnificent hotels. Sr. de Clagnjy Architefte Pari- fien, du lems dePhilbert deLor- me in if4f, Claude de Marfeilles, Painter & great architect. Claude-François MUliet Defchales from Cambrai, Jéliiire ​​& Archire £ le en 2674. Claude At'.dran de I,} 'on, Painter & Architects, key of Mr. le Brown; who worked a lot on Lyon, ôc gave some chofe good luck Doric Order in Ï684. Claude Gele'c le Lorrain, born in Chamagne Diocèfede Toul, grand Archite £ te. Claude / '«• r« «/ ^ dAblancourt, Mé decin & Archite £ the one that started Vitruvian tee in 1984. & the elders in i66f. The face of the Louvre in Paris D eft of fon deflein. He cftmortle 9. Odobre 1688- ClaudiHs Vitalis of Bifance, Ar- chiteé ^ e en 261. by JEfus Chrift, crazy the Gallien Emperor. Clément Barozxio, Architcûe Ita- link. Ccurtonne, Archite £ le de l'Aca- Demie from Paris, who made a Trai- Perfpedive tee. Clément Aïetezeau, Architeéie du Roy Louis XIII. native of Dreux; he made the dike of La Rochelle de 747. Canvas length. L. Coccetfit AuEIhs, Archived £ le% difciple of Pofthumius of the time of Agrippé, drove to Naples & makes the Temple dedicated to Augufte. Contam-, Architect of Acadé- crumb from Paris, he made the Abbey of Panthemont, the Bellevedere from St. Cloud & the Manufafture of Tobacco in i7f8. Convers, Architefte expert at Paris in 1718- Conhus, Architects, who mencé the Temple of Athens. Cornelitts Celtus, Architeéle, who made up of Military Art & fur les Places. Cornelius Thaltus crazy about the Empire- reur Augufte: he worked fur the Architects. Coffutifis, Roman Citizen, cask one of the first who builds in fashion Greeks; he worked at the Temple from Jupiter Olimpien to Athens, who was of the Doric Order of marble. t ^ o '^ Cofutiftï Caldffs y Architecle, dead at the end of 3f. years. CojfHtius A ^ athangelui, Architefte, brother of the previous CofTutius. Crejjpho "or Cherpphron, good Ar- chiccfte, which conducts the work of the great Temple of Diana of E- pheft of 42f. feet long, 222 wide ; 117 columns of 60. feet, U invented a Machine with three mouflettes each pulley, to transport the co- lonnes of this Temple which being one of the fept wonders of the World de, was burned by Heroltrate. put it down what Htruve says about it. Cttbtfil, Archite £ le in Nimes, who made the Tribune des Jefuites 16 feet and a half between fes straight feet. The Srs. Father & Son Cuvillters, Ar- Bavarian Eleflcurs chitefles & deCologne, who gave flowers of great taste for diftributions of rainers May- pleading, & all strong defieins fur l'Architefture. Couplet, Architedie de l'Acadé mie from Paris, who gave in i-Tif the method of finding the load of the vaults, inferred in the Memoirs of the Academy. D'Apanus, Architede & Pein- be. D'yin: ^ y, Architefle, who wrote Air the pouffe of the vaults. St. Dalmatius, Bishop of Rodez who, being of Archi Science teftute; did redo the main fa Eglife; he always threw low, never find it not beautiful, & died fans finish it off. There are some good days of people who differ Architects, & whose works don't deserve better {lic- these, Damieti of Bergamo, brother Do- Minicain, Expert Expert. Daniel Barbaro Venetian, one of the ten Roman Authors who understood lying Vitruvian. Daniel, Architeéte & Marbrier from the Balilique d'Hercule to Ra- vcnne. D. '. Phnis MilcHen, Architefle ^ who built the City of Millet & the Temple of Apollo, Order Io- fuck. Daifier, Architeéte François. Desgoz. y Architect of Uoy, Bacimens Controller: he has a pillowcase the Château de Péquiny. Dtigo Sacredo, who wrote five Orders of Architecture. D'ivier, Architeûe, who given an Architecture Course fur Vignolle. He was born in Paris eniefs; it was shipped to Mar- feilles in 1674 '■> i' ^ translates the Scamozy's Architecture Course in 1684, i 'fiï * Montbelian l'Arc of Triumph; he died in 1700. His Father was from Nancy in Lorraine. Dtdale, Athenian, the most famous lebre Architeéte de fon tems, & very rngenieux, who made the l.abi- rinrhe de Candie, & a Va.he brazen. To this fujet he was put in '^ o ^ prifon, from where he escaped in fe fai- Caat of coated feather elders of wax, to make Candie's fawn in Sa'daigne by-defTus la Mer. It is claimed that the Wings were îes Voiles de fon Ship, for navigate with (on Icarus son, who perishes there by falling into waters. Dschyle, grand Architede & ProfelTiur from Agatari-hus. Dechales, Archife £ te, who treatise on stone cutting, & b from the conforming vaults in the Derand era. Decher, German Architefte, who made the Prince's Palace from Furts, who ell very beautiful. Dccofle, Architedle françois & of the Paris Academy in lyfS- Decofie, Architect du Roy, difciple of Manfard. We name it- moic Robert de Cofte; he was born in Paris in 16 ^ 7, morten ly ^ f. His Ayeul Robert de Cofte was auih Archirede of Louis XIII. The Fountain of the Royal Palace is fon Invention, as well as the Portal of St. Roch, that of Little Fathers of Charity, the Place of Lyon, the Palace of Verdun, Frescaty de Metz, & Le Paiais de Strasbourg. From the bottom, Arch te £ te françois, who did Father Lo- gier. Demetrius, Architeélc in 9fé3. or 421 before JEfus Chrift, which finished building the Temple of Diane to Ephèfe. Democrite, the fecond, who wrote of the Architefture. He was Athe. " nien, Artchitefte & Philofophe, & dealt with the Decoration of Theaters. Demophon, Architedle Grec « who has written a lot of Orders Doric & Ionic j but we don't find more of these writings. DertanHSy Architefte fous l'Em- Pereur Adrien \ il {ùx. responsible for most beautiful buildings of foundations; he restore the Pantheon, the Bafi- liquede Neptune, the .Market, says Fornm AugHfti & the Palace of Agri- pine & c. Devtlle, Liégeois, Architedle in 1682; he made the Machine Marly who is a masterpiece of art Devi / le- Fritac, Architect. Dense, Architeéte françois qui was in Rome in 17 ^ 9. Defargue, Architects of Lyonnois, who gave a Treaty for the Cup of Stones, which was put by Abraharar Bofle in 1643. DcTPez, native Architefte de Re- chain in Flanders; there is a lot traveled to Rome, in Greece, in Egypt, in Turkey, in Hungary, Germany, Por- tugal, en Efpagne & engle- Earth ; where it was taken from bring him to the Abbey of Orval. where he formed a General Plan ea 1760 for this Maifon of a taste Roman, but too old; it is why we don't run away from it in D 2 "^ O ^ all fes parties. He has in all the journeys lifted the ruins old & modern buildings born with their Profiles & defined at natural. De.xfphanes f Archived £ le, native the island of Cyprus appeared in 39- ^ 6 & worked in Egypt for the Queen Cleopatra, oh restored the Lighthouse of Alexandria eleven years a- before J C. Draguet- Rfis, Architeûe, which built the Mosque of Conftantino- ple en leéo dans la Mer. Diades, High Architect of Polydus Architects of Alexander, Inventor of the Terriere. Diocltdts of the City of Thracc of Abdera, Architects, who had the Siege of Rhodes. Dwgnctus, Architeûe de Rho- of & of Alexandre. Dimcrates or Demochares son of Peryclitus, Architect Macédo- nien, who lived in the year 332. before JE- fus- Chrift; he went to Alexander the big one where he dressed in Hercu the, preferred him to dcfieins, that he would cut Mont iïtnos in for me of a man, holding in hand left a City & right fa couppe which would receive the waters of all the rivers that flow from this mountain to see them in the Sea. This project was not not executed, but he built by the Orders of the Roy de Macédome \ ille d'A lexandrie in tgypf e in 3725-. 21Z years before J. C, completed the Temple of Diana at Ephefej Pto- lomce made him raise a Temple erî memory of the woman Arfinoé; he planned to make the vow- magnet stone & fon tom- beautiful iron but the death of Roy caused his project to fail; he did more proud buildings crazy kings who shared the Empire of Alexander; he builds a Temple in honor d 'Arfinoé Soeur & EpoufedePto- lomée Philadelphe. Dille y Architeûe, who built Bei- levuë near Paris. Dtphiius, Archivede diligent, as the proverb was made; more as late as Diphilus, speaking of Nymphodorus which was slow. DomFrarifois Hirrera £ / w "<> <, '7, Pein- tre & Architect nc in Seville, dead in i'68f. aged ej. years. Domimcjue Fcntana, Architect Milan in Lombardy, which gave the main monuments of Ita- lie, very sought-after first edition- chée J he was crazy Sixte V- en ij- ^ o. Dominique Grâco, Architect; he a hundred fur Painting, Sculptu- re ^ the Architeeture, died in Tolè- of in leif. 77 years old. JDcTujy Greek Architect, who has the first fact & cempofé the Order Doric of my name. Dfin SchAftten from Herrtra. Earnut- to, Architeôefilsd'VntoineHer- rera, my in Madrid, aged Go. years in 1671. Including Frd "f ^! S Kict Painter 5c A r- born in Madrid, died in Es- curial in 1684. aged 78. years. "^ © ^ t> om Claude Coello., Painter & Ar- cKireâe, born in Madrid. Including Juan de Faldes, Painter & Archite £ the born in Sévilie, died in ié9r. at the same old place of eo. years. Donata, Architefteôc Sculpteur, native of Florence; he had friendship Como de Medicis; he made her a Judith cutting the Tere of Ho- lophernes which is a masterpiece lives in Florence; ila aufll made in Pa- for the Statue Equeftre de Bron- ze de Gatamellata General Veni- yours. DttrerHs, Architects. Dftval, ArchiteLlefrançois, who finished the Val-de-Grace in Paris. EpeHSy Architefle, who made the Bé- tie to demolish the walls of the City of Troye 1388- before J C Epimachus of Athens Architeile of Alexander in 3677. or 270. years Before Christ. £ rrW, Architef) e, françois, who uncovered Mr. Parallel Chambray in 1702., & fa Forci fication. Ericinde Steinbach ^ / ^ rchiteâ-e, who built the Strasbourg Cathedral village since 1277. until '^ oî'- Which only makes -'- s an ^, all fur fcs defieins. The tower has f ^. feet; it is morr in i30f. she has ctécorfinurée p.ir îeanHiltsdeCo- logne, ôifinieen! 445.r! arun Ar- chitefte deSouabs dontonne; ç it not the name. Efltenne du Perac Arcbite £ te dc Henry IV. in i f ^ y, it was Pari- fien. EntimpHs by Candie Archite £ te, who started the foundations of Venife, by fe make a maifon in the swamp; he was imitated by 24 others; who were burned there in 4ZO; fà maifon was prefected from fire at prayer, & it cn ^ tPEglife of St. Jacques. Eflienne Architefte de Perfe & infolent, in 674. he rebuilt the mu- rails of the great Palace of Conftan. tinople. ALthertHs Architefte coated with a do honorable place in the Confeii the Emperor Anaftafe; he built pluficurs pieces in the big Palace of Conftantinople, & the for- the wall we made from the sea until Selimbria, ancient City of Thrace. EuElemon Architect tall Mathematician. EuàedeMontretd. Architedefran- who accompanied St. Louis to the Holy Land, & v he died in 128 ^. he fortified the Fort & the City the one of Jafa, he built the Church of the hotel -God, deSteCroiX, des Blan: coats, Fifteen- V'ingts, des.Mathurins, desCor- deliers, Sre. Catherine, & le Val Schoolchildren in Paris. EudoxMs deCnide before the reign of Alexander, great Archite £ te, & difciple of .- \ rchitas the Engineer. EKgefie Caxes, Architect born in Madrid in 1 y77. high patris Fon Pcrc. d ^ o ^ Evelin Architefte, we have a Jun Parallel printed in England in 1,706 tn folio EftpaliusàQ Megare, Architeéle Samien, son of Nauftrophus who said the famous Greek Channel. fw / '^ rrfjjor Architede, who don- born various [- "r 'sons very details Doric & Ionic Orders. Argo- EupokmHs, Arehiteile, who made the Temple of EviaCon- there to Juno. From Etyolte Architecte Se Ingéni- eur for Bridges Fereole Architedle, & Eveque of Limoges, who had more eurs Eglilés de fon Diocefe. Fayen Architects in Liège, which continued in 1763. May (bnd'Or- val, correcting the taste too old- cien du Sr, iJewez. Fifcher, German Architects, who gave the monumens of Egip- te, Greece & Italy great in folio, printed at I.eipfig. FoHga Chevalier, Archite £ le at Rome in I7f8- Flavius ​​FcgetiHS ^ f>; d / "j, Arcliitcfte & great Engineer to fortify; The Book he compiled by Or- dre of the Emperor Julhnien makes him honor; he was Count of Con- ifantinople. Fioejnet, Architefte françois, who made the estimate for the Canal de Pro- vence in 1746. France::. , Archifeffe françois & by rAcadémic de Touloufe in François Blondel AfchiteiSle fran- çois, who did a course in Archi- tecture, died in 1686. aged 73. years ; fon Architei> ure mile to day in 1658. d viféeen f. parts, it’s all the better this fcieiice; he had the ArcdcTri- omphe de Se Denis & de St. An- toine: he has achieved dignity of Marshal Camp, to be Di- refutor of the Archite Academy- cture; he friends in the Architecture of savotaujour, it made an impression sea ​​ik reprint. Fra'ifotf KlonAcl Archite £ le fran- çois Pn.fcfrcur & Direfteur de l'E- cole des arts, in 1760. & de l'A- cadmium of f ^ aris. François dOrbaye, Architects of Louis Je grand in 1680, raised from Louis LcfTaux. died in 1697 he gave the deffein of the Eglife of 4. Nations, that of the Premonstratensians of the Red Cross, & others or- vrages at the Louvre & Thuilie- rics. Fra? Içois Cirardon de Tro) 'e, Ar- chitede & Sculpteur, who for the C hapireau of the French Order here; born in 1627. died in Paris in 171 f. François Baromini, Architects of Mid- lanois. François de Herrera the old Ar- chitede, born in Seville & died in François Ignace Rttiz. , of the Eagle- fia, Painter & Architects, died in Madrid in 1704. in fé, ans. François Lopez Caro, ArchitcdCj "5 ^ o ^ tnort in Madrid in 1662. age of 69. years. François Manfard. Archice £ teàPa- reef, quiabàfile the Fomil's wing- lans, the Eglife of the Sre Marie daughters, the Portail des Minimes, the Hotel de Conry, that of Bouillon, that of Toloufe, O that of Jars i ctoit Archireftede Louis le grand in 1 666 born in i f 58 more in 1 666, he founded Choifi fur Seine, mencé the Val de-Grace, & ledef- fein des Invalides. /> - <î «c9; 'j /' r /> w <î // cf, Archire (fieBou- lonnois, born in 1490 he was born Archi- teâie by François Premier Roy cle France in if37. dead, in ifjo. he gave the Plan of the Castles of Meudon & de Chambnrd. François Romain-, Dominican Ar- architect, ncàGranden i6f6. dead in Paris in i73f. he did the Pontde Mafhricht, he was called to complete the Royal Bridge, was cfti- mc Infpefteur des Ponts & chauf- fairies. François Serlto-, Italian, Architeâe of Henry II. he was in Paris with the Cardinal CarafFa in i fff. There refta until if6o. Fragio / ^ 'î »W, Florentin, Religieiix Dominican, brother convers.Archi- fe £ te; he worked at î'Kglife & sumo- naftere de fon Convent in Floren- this in 1278. Fran ^ nct Archif: £ îe, de l'Acadé mie de Paris in 1760. Frtt Rifl '^ ro dat ^ ttioty frerc con- versHorninican, \ fchire £ te, quifit him second Eglife & Mona- ftere â.Q Santa Maria M / vel / aàsTlO ' rence in 1228. Freminet, Archifefte very-Iàvanf. Frefier, Architect & Engineer, Director of the fortifications of France, which gave a Treaty of cutting stones in? Volumes in quarto in 1738. & an abstract in ] 7f8. m twelve in 2. VoIume, with useful remarks for Part of Stereotomy; all by evidence & demonstrations; that's all there is better in this genre Archite (Sure. ' Frederic, B.trocke, \ v <: h \ tQS \ Q ^ born ett Yew 28 at Urbain. Frédéric Zuccaro, Architects & Painter in i f7f. / r /, Archite (fte, the first Roman who wrote Archite- cture & proportions of the Or- dres. Gabriel le Duc, ArchiteSe, who continued the Val de-Grace in Paris. Gabriol, Architect of Louis the Beloved, he made the Bridge Royal, born in Paris in i (> (, •] ■, died in 1741. Jacques Gabriel, Father of the pre- "^ O" ^ yield, Archire ^ e, died in i686. Gubrul. Arcliire £ te & Infpec teur, fur Steward of buildings by Louis le J5ien - \ imé ôc de V \ - Cadet d'Archire £ ture de Paris in 1970, he did the May on Choify, Su founded L'Ecole des Cadets of Paris & c. Ga / leaz.z.0 a Lefjy, Architefte Ges- nois, in I f éî. he was from Péroufe. Galien, son of Nicon, Archi- te £ 2f years old at the death of Fon Father, from whom he comes miers Principles of Archuedure, it fe fortified in Rome, & gave marks of (in Sience in fez writings. Cimure, Arcliitede françois. who made the Portal of the Royal Abbey from St. Germain to Paris. George Fajf ^ ne Darez.z.o, Archi- tede in Rome in i f 4.0. GuudtntiMs MerhU, Archite (fle, who commented & made the anno- Vitruvian rations. Germain y Architect. De Gendritr, Archite (3e 3c In- general manager of Ponts & Heated in France & Aca- demie from Lyon in i7f8> GerArd Cordemoy, Chanoine Ré- gulier de St lean de Soiflbns, who gave a Treaty of Architecture in iéo6 & a new Edition in 1714 much better. St. Grrmtim, Bishop of Paris, verfé. dans le Architediure, donna the delfeins of the Eglife that Chil- debert fit near Paris, at St. Vincent, & which is called au- jourdhuy St. Germain: he gave auffi un deflein d'Eglife à St Ger- hand Bishop of Auxerre; he did in- core a Monaftere at Le Mans, & some others in various places like Arcliiteiîte. Gilie de Steene '^ i Abbot of Citeaux continued the Church of Our Lady Dunes as Archi- teâe G Ile t- Marte Oppenort, Archite6le, -is, in i / fg. Sr. Gofrfalve, Religious Domi- nicain Portuguese native of Ama- ranthe, Architects; he builds in Fon 'ieu a stone bridge 6 : e Phdar.der, Parifien, Arch'.îe6lcen i f4o. Gua ^ lio, First Architefte of the Emperor in Vienna in 1762. Gmllenume of the. Brcjje, Archi- tefte, which has bàri -'a Cathedral of Bourges, & who made little Gai Icrie fur the Court of Fontainebleau in 1324. Ginlleatifiie Msirehanà-i ArchlteflS very favorable, who Completed the Bridge- Nine crazy Henry IVs. in 1604. Guillenume Viollet> Architetle s Engineer of Bridges & Chaufsces, & de l'Académie de Châlons fur Marl, GuilUaume T-Pickam, Architefte English in i 324. crazy Edward III. he became fleeing Bishop. Htrmand Dominique Bertrand » Jéfuire, Painter, Archite £ te & Sculptor, Native of Victoria in Biscay, died in 15-90 Hermogenes d'Alabanda, one of the More Famous Fon Architects tems, who invented the Ordinance Pfeudodipterique or Tem- ples. See the St. Simeon Eglifc of Trier ôc of which Vitruve cites the examples. Hermon fis de Pyrrhus, Archi- te £ le en 36 14. He worked with fon Father & brother Leocrates for the Epidamiens at the Edifice duTré- for at 01 impious. 33 1 years before J.C. Hermodorus de "^^ alamine, Archi- tede, being in Rome at the time of Metellus Numidicus, environna the Temple of Jupiter Stator from Porticoes, & builds the Temple of March in the circus of Flaminius, the year of the world 3880; Before Christ. 67. Heraclitesy Archite £ te, native of Taranto, which withdrew to Rhodes, where he set fire to a fleet of fairytale in the port. Henry Gantier, Architeftc Si "^ O ^^ Bridge Engineer ôcChaufsces, born in Nismes in 1661 j there is a Milking luy des Ponts & heating Fairies Edition de Paris, in 1728. Herrmtin named François-An- toinc Herrmann, Architedte Alle- mand in 17 ^ 2. Henry Wonon, Architefte An- glois, who gave a treaty of Architcâure. HArdouin, Archirefte, from Aca- Demie from Paris in 17 ^ 8- Harmonides, Architedeôc Char- pentier, who built the Ship in which Paris ame na Hélène to Troyë. Dazon, Architedte, from Acadcmic byParisen 1718 Hifpias, Arc! Iite £ te Roman, who has built several baths. Hilduart, Religious Bcnédidiin in 1,170. & Architect, who built the Eglifede St Pierre de Charrre. Hjacinthe Baroz.zio de Vignolle son, Archite £> e du Duc de Parme. Hiram OR Chiram, ArchitcSe of the pais of israel, who built the Temple of Solomon in the year 2572. & 57f years before J.C. From U Htrc-, Archite ; ■? by Siena Architect, Student of John of Pife; i! made a Cha- shovel in the Dome of Pife. Loms de Boulogne ^ Painter & Ar- chiteCte. Lonts de Foix, ArchifeCte Parifl- in, in if63; he was in Spain, where he built the Escorial, & the Mo- naftere than Philippe II. made raise; he set out to plug the Canal de Ladour near Bayone, & a built the Lantern at the mouth beyond d (^ o * ^ Garonne, which we call the Tower of Cordouans. Laibe de Claotiy, who built the information the Cour du Louvre at la Fonraiae des Innocents. Loutsle ^ i «.v, Architect of Louis XIV ^ very-favorable & illusory, quia given the deflein of a-: part of Thuilleries, from the Hôtel de Colbert, & dc that of the 4. Nations in 1665. died in 1670. Louis Jardin-, Archite £ le françois & du Uoy de Danemarc in 1760. Loriot y Profefleur en Archite- ^ ure, from the Acadcmie de Paris in I7f8. LoHis Metez.eaH, Architedcqui gave the deflein of the great Gallery on the Old Louvre side. "Louis Savet, Doctor & Archi- teile, who gave a Metropolitan Treaty diocie fur l'Architefture françoife, Air the roifé, & the frame. Lucien, Architcéîe, around the year i.éoj he wrote of the Architefturc. Louis le Gardetrr dtt le Brur. , Pro- feflciir of the Royal School of Ma themes, Engineer & Archi- part of the City of Metz in 17 ^ 4. C, LuciKiUS j ^ lexander, Arch.tC- fte. AT-!. D. Lury, Architect, from A- cadcmie of Paris in i75'8- Have it! , Archirede & Ingé- City & Academy denier from Toulouse in i7r8. MafTn-i Architect by Marcelle HE AtAghont, Student of Nicolas de Worse, 'Architc £ le & Sculpteur; he has ended in Naples the ^ life St. Laurent & various T <. Alurca Ca ^ Ac, Architefle en I ioo. at Cuzco Ville (apirale du Perceived, who founded ôc builds this City where people learned from him to look forward to. Mandrncies de Samos, Archite- £ te, who made by Order of Darius a Pont à Samus in 34-6 471 before J.C. From the A-f.iirie, Archirede, who given the delTeinde the hotcl deSou- bi (e & fa Colonnade. M * rc9 JuiéiM. Architect, who built the General Hospital of Venife, & made it the whole story in the eleventh century. Marcel Cervin y Architect, who worked in Rome in St. Hierre, in I $ -94; il eftmorten i f? f. Adarchuine., Architede & Sculp- Crazy Italian Innocent III. he several large workers in Rome ges, in Arfezzo, & in Boulogne. Aiarc Aurele, Engineer & Ar- architect of Augufte, contemporary Vitruvian. Marc v ^ truve Polioriy Author Ro- main, Architect of Céfar Augu- fte, 40 years before jEfus Chrift. ^ oa Book in Greek & Larin has seen translated from; Latin in Iranian, ca ij-2i. & in if47. he was born françois, & préfenrc at I fenry IL Roy of France. He was born in For- mia Ville de laCnmpanicen 3 «84, It’s the good book that reftc of former Architects 11 gives two Doric Orders, & I e ^ o ^ the Composing Order of Pitagore, which is a 26. Connrhien. Martino Buiji, Architect, who writing of Architecture & perfpedli- ve in Latin language. Marchmony 1 Arc ^ tefte duPape & of the Apoftolic Chamber in I7f8- Margaritone i Archite £ le, Painter & Sculptor, native of Arezzo in 1270. n built the Palace of Gou- painters from the City of Ancona, & raised the Arezzo Catholic Church fur les de / Teins de Lapo in 1289. he died: 77 years old. Maranz.el, Architect, Aca- demie from Paris in lyéo- Maroloisy Archite £ te & Engineer françoisj who wrote a treaty of for- little value. Martel Ange, brother Jéfuitc & Architeâe, who made the Novitiate of the Jéfuites in Paris. Adutunn foujfe-, de laFIcche, Archi- te £ te, who gave in 1642 the fecret l ^ o! ^ "f, Privfs l'Heur d'ArchiteCtu- re & de Stereo comie in Paris in I7f8- Menanâre, Architefte Grec fils of Parrhafius, who built the Tem- ple dedicated to Jules Céfar. Menoriy Architect & Mathénna- ticien, quia wrote de l'Architeéiure. Mtnefles ^ ArchiteCtc, who did the Temple of Magnefi dedicated to Apollo. Meriotte, ArchiteCte Parifien, who made Tables for the Ni- really. Met agents .f ArchiteCte & fils de Ctefiphon, who worked at Tem- full of fertile Order Ephefe. Metichus, ArchiteCte Athénien, which made the Place of Athens. AietrodortiSf Famous Architect, native of Perfe & Catholique; he has built in the East Indies & Baths. Meyffomer, ArchiteCte & Deflîna- the Cabinet du Roy. Mexaris, ArchiteCte, whose writings are lost. Mtchel-An ^ e Bonarotc ^ born Cni474. Architects & great Painter; he worked at Fonder St. Pierre de Ro- me in ifé ?. & died in ij '^ 4. aged 50. years. It’s fur fes def- pretend that the Capitol has been com- menc by him crazy Paul III. in If 40. Myron ^ ArchiteCte & Sculpteur former. Michel Anguier, ArchiteCte ôt Sculptor, who worked in Val- from Thanks to Paris. Michel ÇS Jérôme GArcia, Archi- native twins tectes deGre- mad nade Philippe IV. iSe ^ o ^ Mneficlest Archice £ le, who did the Stained Glass of the Castle of Athens. Mocctoy natifdc Siena, Archi- teûe & Sculpteur; it rained their works in Tofcane, & in Arezzo, in Florence, in An- cone, & at Ste Marie del Fiore. Air. le Muet, Architede du Roy, who made an abbreviation as they opened Palladio, recognized as good, even as a way of building well. Molet, Architect of the Academy from Paris in i7r8- Maurettu, Archite £ te, of the City of Paris in 1763. C. Mutins, Architects in 1880. He did a lot of things in Temple of Virtue: we find Medals struck in the spotlight from this Architefte, 67. years before J C. Mufiiiis, Roman Archirefte, who has led various Temples & Aque- dukes both in Bithynia and in Rome, also the TempledcCérés conltruit to Tifernum by Order from Pliny the Conful Nembrod, Architect, who built the Tower of Babel in the Plain from Sennaar; of 329 roifesde Dia- meter, & eooo no height. A '^ /// or ^ r, Archite ^ e & Graveur, who made the elementary collection of Architecture containing plufi- their studies of the Orders of Archi- teâure, in the opinion of An ciens & the Moder window ncs a volume in folio engraved in ï7f7- liicQUi de hdle ne. Abbot of Ci- feaux, furpafla tous fes Préde'cef ^ feurs in the Architeflure he trusts run in the space of ai years to Our Lady of the Dunes in Flan- dres. Nicolas Gtrdrd, Architect at Paris. ■ • {'■' ^ 1 Nicolas de L'Epine, Architeâedu Roy, & from the Paris Academy in 1718- Nicolas de Pife, Architects & Sculptcur, in the middle of the XIII Century; he built Boulogne l'Eglife & the Convent of the Prê brothers cheurs, after making a tom- beautiful marble for the body of St. Dominic; he was aufJi em- folded in Pife 5 ô (in several Cities of Italy; he gave in 1240. the defiance of the Eglife of Sr. Jacques that we commented on at Pifloye. Ncolo de Modène, Painter 'St Ar-hitedle, in 1 f 39; he worked in France for the Pri- matice. Ntcomedes, Architect of Thef- falie, in 3890. f7 years before J.C. i! was a Mitridare engineer. Nicon, Arthitct & Surveyor of Pergamos, crazy about the Empire of An- tonin Pie; he received lessons from fon Art de fon Perc ôc de fes aycux; he died in lei of J. C. NtceratHs, Architede & Sculp- Old teur. Ninns, son of Nembrod, Ar- chicec'ie, which caused conft.uire la City of Nineveh in i ^ fo. or 1996 Before Christ. dS »p« ^ Nlno de Pife »ArchitefSe & Sculptor. ; - Noe, who made the Ark, where he fe will laugh during the flood; it even the Architect was crazy about them Orders of D; cu. Ntmphodorus ^ fur Who prover- be was done, because it was in entreprife (later than Diphilus.) Odo, Architefle & Maître Mason, who made the Tower of Bauvais in 1080. Oelien, Archite £ le, around the year 161, wrote of Architeflure. Oobab OU EUah ^ son of Achifamech or Ifamach, Architects of the Tri- drank of Dan in i4ff. or 1452. before J.C. PaontHs, Architect, crazy about Em- worst of Augulte. Paolo Lomazj) ^ Architedle, quia written in Latin from Architefture. Patris Caxes-, Architede, who writes a treatise on Architecture as Vignolle in Caftillane language, fbus Philip II. & III. Pau! by Cefpedes y Architefte, na- tif de Cordouë, died in 1 608 - aged 70. years. Paul Because, Florentin, Painter, Architect & Sculptor, quiarra- vaiilé in France at Fontainebleau, & at the old crazy Louvre Henry II. in ij-f4. Panl Veronnejfe -, Painter & Archi- tede, crazy Henry III. PaufaKiiii, Archived from around the year 10; he wrote Architecture fousAntoine Pie, 6 <; MarcAureIe. Pellegrino Tthaîdi, Archite £ le & Boulonnois painter. Parent, Architects in Paris & of the Academy in 1708. He put a Treatise on Theory framing. PeligriKo Ttbaldy i Architeéle Mi- lanois, in ifég. Petitot, Architect of the Duke of Parma, in 1760. Peomus, Architect, Contem- porain de Demetrius in 3fé3, which helped finish the Temple of Diana at Ephèfe; 383 years BC Pephafmeos, ArchiteCte & Char- City of Tire pentier, who invented a ram to sharpen the City of Gades. Perinos, Architeâe, who worked valiant at the beginning of the Bâti- City of Athens, & at famous Temple of Jupiter Olim- pien. Perdix, nephew of Dales & fon Schoolboy, Architect, who invented tee saw & compass. PerUn, ArchireCte, who completed the Maifon ProfefTe of the jéfuites in Paris. Peronet-) ArchiteCte, Engineer & General Inspector of Bridges, & Heated from France; He invented Many machines, which make a great utility for confruCtion bridges ; he is the Author of a efpece of Academy, in which fe are crazy for diredion games- our Engineers ôiChauf ^ fairies. Pheax, Excellent ArchiteCte en 3/26. 0UJ2I. Before Christ. Fa t ^ o ^ Phideos, Archite £ le, who wrote about a Temple of Minerva built in Priesnne in Afie mineu- re, which was of Ionic Order. Phidias, Architedte & Scvilp- tor. Phtlbert from UOrme. , Archived £, Author Romain, who lived in if4f. with Serlio; he gave in ij-67 a development for the frame, building a little strawberries, & a treatise on cutting Stones; he was chaplain of Henry IL in iff7. ; He wanted make the Order Francis but he was not fuivi; he died in I f 77. from the time of Henry III. lia does the Fer- à Cheval de Fontaine- bleau, the C hâteau "* from Meudon, that of AnetideSt. Maur, & the Pa- lais des Tuillcries; he was abbot of St. Eloy, & de St. Serge d'Angers; it was called the Crofîée Trowel, it donated ten books from Architecture. Philolaus of Taranto, Architedte before Vitruvius. Philo ”, Architefte, who con- duit Arcenal & Piraeus Port & several Temples. Popular by fes writings & defcriptions, it it is deBifance; he made up War Machines Treaty that we printed at the Louvre in Pa- laughs at a manuscript from the Biblio- thèque du Roy Phiromaehus, Architeûe & Sculp- Old teur. Phdippe, Architects of Eixcellent, buried in Nimes. Philtppt Calendaric, Sculptor & Architefte, who lived in the 14th, Century; he did the magnificent Venetian porticoes in marble which make the circuit of the place St> Marc; he had the Doge's eftime & the honor of my alliance. Philippe Bertrand, Architedle & Sculptor at Montpelier. Philippe de ta Gnefpterre, Archi- tedte & Direfleur des Bàrimensdu Duke of Virtemberg; he gave a Collection of exquife Architedu- re. Phœmx, Architedte de Ptolomé Philadelphe. Phyros, Architedte, who has much blow written fur Architecture. Pitct, Architedte, who provided the fecret of the strength of the hangers des Voures, fleeing from the anguish as given to pieces of wood: this fecret is inferred in the memos- res de l'Acadcmie 'de Paris eii 1729. Phneus, Architeifte, who is a part of the Tom- fuperbedeflein beau du Roy de Carie, who is a àes fepr Wonders of the world; he the Queen's time eonftruifir Artemife at Halicarnafre, Picard, Architedte françois, who gave Tables for the Ni- really. Pierre le Befgue, Architeâe expert in Paris, who gave the Obelisk project dedicated to Mr. D'Argouche in 17 ^ 8- Pierre le F other, Architedte fran- (yes. Pitrrt Patte, Architedte in Paris, di ^ o ^ who gave the Project a border tispice for S. Eufta.he, but what Project was not run; he refreshed in several notebooks good taste of Archifeilure with we difcours was this object in ijfj, Pierre - Paftl Olivtcri y Archite O Venetian; he worked in 1381 at the marble tomb of Boulogne Pierre Perugm and Architect. Pierre / '' jff, Architefte, Pein- tre & Sculpteur, born in Marfeilles in 1022. died in 169 ;. He did in France a lot of figures in Bos- quet, Andromède & others Pierre, Architects, fiftieth Abbé de Citeaux, who did TE- glife & the Monaftere de Notre- Lady of the Dunes in Flanders in 12 14 .. St, Pierre Gonfalve, Religious Dominican, born in Tour in Galicia in 1 1 90, where he made a Stone Bridge near fon lieU) where he died in 1240. Pierre de Cataneoy Archite £ le, Au- Roman Roman, Sedator of Vi- truve. Pierre Berettim de Tortonne, Ar- architect & painter. Pierre Roldan, A rchitede, Painter & Sculptor, born in Seville in 1624. died in 1700. aged 71. years old. Pierre de Monter ean ^ Architefte, who built the Ste. Chapel at PariS) & at Vincennes; died in 1266; he also worked in St. Germain from Paris. Pittori, Archite £ le; fon Archî- tedureaétémife au jourby Vafari Aretino. Pierre de Fran ^ ueviUe y Architede & Sculptor, who did the 4 Hen's Eftal Foot Slaves ry IV. Pierre Lefcot, Abbé dc Clugny, Ari.hite £ te françois fous Henry II. in if28. We assign him the Fund taine des Sfs.Innocens, with Gou- jon. Pierre le Muet, Archifeéte, born in Dijon in 1691. died in Paris in 1669; he has completed the Va! & the Hotel de Luines, that of Laigne, & de Bauvillier; he is the Publisher of Vignolle & Palla- dio, Pilon, or Germain / * // (? ", Sculptor & Architefte de Paris; he did the three legs of Mofolée de Hen- ry II & by Catherine deMedicis at the Céleftins de Paris. Pir ^ nefe-, Archite £ te, quiacom- pofc the foubaflement uncovered by Pierre Patte. Pirro-Ligorio, Architefie & Anti- quaire Romain, the feul which has well defined moldings & Pro- son of the Antiques in i fff. Pkron, Architefte & Engineer, who worked at Pont de Blois. Plme le 7f »w, Architede & Con- ful Latin, who wrote the fixième of the Architeâure & did quan- of beautiful Maifons in Rome & in the surroundings, the Lorentin & fa maifon of Tofcane. d ^ o "^ SMjrui, Archire £ te, ledef fein du fuperbe Tombeau & Mau- foléc du Roy de Carie. Savior, Archite £ le in Paris, & of the Académie d'Architeflure en 1724. & great mathematician. Severten, Archite £ te, which has increased lied the Book of Daviller in i7f f. Saurns, Architefte in Rome, who built Temples at the expense of times of 0 <ïtavia. P. Sehaftien Carme, Archite £ le, of the Academy of Sciences. Sebaflicn Serlio, Archite £ le Bou- lonnois, Sefrateur de Vitruve en 1640 Sebaflien le Cler, Chevalier Ro- main, Architects of François, quia given in 1714. a good Treatise fur rArchite £ lure, with igi. Flanches. SebaftiendOja-, A r>; hite £ le de Phi- lippe II. Roy d'Efpagne. Sedutne, Architects in Paris, & of the Acadcmie d'Auxerre. Feel friends, Archite £ le & Reine, she had the City of Babylon in 2000; she has makes its own works with fcs Lords. 947. years before J- C. Sernatust Architede, which born a lot of detail as the Or- dres Doric & Ionic. Sunfovtno, Italian Architefte, Sdm ^ Archicede. Saumatz.e, Architefte. Scrvundoni, Painter 5c Archite (îie Iralien, born aFlorcnce in i69f.Ex- ce !! er! tpourlcsfpeftacles; he bought vé l'Eglife from St. Sulpice to Paris, & made many decorations for public holidays, he was also Member of the Académie d'Archi- teiture of Paris. C. SeviHs Lupus. ^ Arch £ £ which built in Portugal the lantern of Ro- dear dear to Mars Augufte. Scofas, famous Architedle & Sculptor of the Isle of Paros from the Aegean Sea; he lived the year of World 3f72> or 37f years before J.C. He worked at the famous Maufolée, that Artemife had my husband erected in the City of Halicarnaffe; he did auflî to Ephèfe a famous coloone bre, & a Venus who was trans- brought to Rome, & the Sepulcher of the Queen of Caries that Artemife made for my husband, & worked at the noble Temple of Ategee, Diane à Ephéfe: this Temple was the most sumptuous of the Peloponnese, Doriqtfc, Ionic, & Corinthian, he worked at one of the 36 columns of the Temple of Ephèfe, which was all there was more beautiful & better worked at Temple. Sccfias de Syracufe, Excellent Ar- chitede before V ^ itruve. Scha ^ f Architeâe in Dresden in Saxony. Sextui PompetHt Agafim ^ Archite- ûe, who built in Rome a small Building during the Ger- manicus Céfar. Sexulphe, Abbot of Medesham- ftede in great britain which aconftruit fon Monaftere. &has been since d ^ o ^ from Evêgue des Merciens; he receives good architecture. SiUmon. Archirede, quiabesu- blow out of the Architeclure & îiorammenc des Orders Dorique & Ionic, but we no longer find these writings. Stlvere de Bitainvien, Archire £ le • & Engineer; he made a Treaty of the fortification in leéj-. who has for liter, the universal art of fortifying. StfaraKt, Architede, quiacom- lying Vitruvian. SiletiHs, Architect, who donated born the Proportions of the Order Do- risk. Stmmat ^ ut-) Smart architect, died in year f i6. Sojirace Gmdieriy Archirc “^ e, who made by Order of Ptolomé Philo- has a Tower called Pharos, who does one of the wonders fept for the convenience of Naviga- teurs. ]. G.Souflot ^ ArchiteSe àParis, born in Irancy near Auxerre & des Paris Academy of Architecture, ■ Lion ôc Florence in 175-7; he did the Plan of the Church of Ste Geneviè- Fri SoJhéitHs., The most re- named fundamentally, who made the Terraiïes or fouten walks- , naked by Arcades in Cnide fa country; he made the lantern of the IsledePa- ros near Alexandria ^ ilétoitfils of Exiphon. StHrm ^ Archite £ lc delaSouabe, who wrote fur the frame mills, & ufines in 1710, N. Le Sueur t Architefle françois, in 17 ^ 0. , who made an Eflay lur the five Orders divide the mo- dule in 12. parts. .S ^ <ï "cW /? F <'/, Architede, Efclave who worked at the Temple of Athè- nes. Spintharus, Arch ite £ te, who re- built the Temple of Apollo at Del- phes in 3433. or fi4. before). vs. StratemcHSy Architede & Sculp- tor. Stepam, Painter & Architefte famous; he died in lfo; he was born Florentine. Sttgger ', Architeéte & Abbé de St. Denis, - he had the Eglifede redone St. Denis in iifo. & took it main hay; he was the best Architects of Your time. Tanevotf Architede, of Acadé- crumb from Paris in 17 ^ 8- TarchepMs, who wrote the propor- tions of the Corinthian Capital dansfonTraité d'Architedure.de- then the invention of Callimacus. Talei ^ Architede, one of the fept fgeges of Greece, first Inven- Geometry & Aftro- nomie, who made the faifbns of Pannéeôc predicts EcIipfesduSo- leil, & who gave the first of Proportions of the Ionic Order after Jon Fon Inventor. L. F. Thadés, Painter & Archite ^ from in 1 ^ 75-. Tenichns, Architects, who made a Pierre's ship, G "^ O ^ Tttctdesi Archite £ le, whose writings are lost. Teremtus f'aro, who made up nn Book of Architecture. Thadeo, said Gad frf / "; 7, Archite £ le, which wrote a Treatise on the Five Columns. Ftncent àe Benavidti 1 Painter & Archite £ ie, died in Madrid in 1703. 66 years old. Ftncent d Anty, Architect of Grand Duke of Tofcane, died at Peroufe in if76. 46. ​​years old; he made the Statue of Julius III. & at been in Spain by Order of Phi- lippe II. pinch Scamo ^ y, Architects of Ve- nitien, who gives volabour- te Ionique, & commented Vitru- ve; he is Roman Author, & blâ- me the Bafe de Vignole; he did a Treaty of Architecture, which was reprinted in Holland in 1736. pir.cen ^ o, Architefte. Voglte, Architect & Engineer françois, who gave the deflein of the beautiful fale of the fpeâacles of Tours in 1761. Jïanvittclljf, Architedle du Roy of Naples, General of Engineers Italian, although native of Flan- dre; i! lived in i7f8. mif, Christian Wolf, Architefle Pruflîen, Baron & Confeiller du Roy de Prufre, who wrote the Ar- chitefture & Mathematics, & whose writings have been put in françois by a Benediflin from St. Maur in 1747. Iauhier de Me k tan, Archite £ le, who completed the Bac Eglife, which it has since been burnt. IFuJfari, Architcûe, Painter & Sculptor in i $ -40. îFen, Architefte, Chevalier Englishman who made the beautiful Eglife of St. Paul of London. îVtTmbolde, h.Ych \ iQ ^ if Maitre Ma- lesson, which began in 1078- E- glife of St. Lucien de Beauvais; it could not be completed by him. Xemck ^ Architeftc, who did the Dome, which covers the SanéJuaire of the Temple of Athens. Xetitcrate, Sculptor & Archite- dre old Zoilus, Archite £ le, who worked valiant at the Temple of Samos, with Theodorus & fon Father, Zorobiibel, Archite £ le, who con- duit the Couftruftion of the Temple of Jérufàlem crazy Cyrus in the year "from the world 3481. or 466. years before JC. Zenodore, Architeûe & Sculp- ter who lived crazy Nero. G ^ f ^ 9 ^ h ùA ^ tcnitectute fcavattcc ^ Oeyeyov en-fifi tej atttaiU y JL ^ euteuje Ctecejc boasts ^ U avott nate to ptoate ^. N. Ch. De Vers, fj aiitot àaiiâ a novù O ^ fuvezùe otaouuatict ^ J3t 'Vof TLOtJ ^ att ^ / ci * ait ^ vouuaiit ta Violeitct ^ ^ otiJ-tembLete? wanted y (iA.tcnitec £ e * HOuveau> iD y JU a qtanè d / Ltc ce utiomvne imttet fe Ut> ctceau. TAbbé Régnier. TREATY DARCHITECTURE. or PROPORTIONS THREE GREEK ORDERS ON A MODEL OF TWELVE GAMES. Definitions of terms of Geometry? the Intelli% e7ice of this Treaty. § | j, t 4ff E point Phyfiqiic cH: robjct least fcniible qui'Planche i. % {i0 ^ J & '^ puiffe fe prcfentcr à la vue: it fe done with the pen, ^^ 8- •• r ^ & - ^ éh or the point of the Compass \ tel eli point A. The po- ^ j ^ i ^ P ^ V * "inr eft the center of a Circle & a radius, or the beginning • 0ilines F. 39- The Plans enclosed by curved lines are called Plans Cur-F. | g. vilins; those (enclosed by straight lines & lines curves, are called Platis Mixtilines. A Plan enclosed by three straight lines Cq names Triangle y Y. 11. if.i ^, . & we could call it Trilatere. We triangulate the triangles with '* *' ^ "* * 7" their sides, & by their angles. The triangle E ^ uilateral cft that which has the three sides Sç the three years, F.i4 " egreg. The Ifascele triangle is one that has two equal sides. F. 23. The triangle 5i-rt / ("; / ecfl the one whose all sides are unequal. F. i j. X-when we confine the triangles with respect to their angle $, or the dirtingue with three forts. Know: The triangle Reâangte, which (also called Ortbogone, is the one that has a right angle. F. 22. £ 51 * around a circle, a square a ociog072e yVoie'Z what eji traced in Figure 75. Plate 3. Another way of drawing the Eptagon in a circle. PI. 4. Fig. 9. From center E, describe a circumference, of the same opening of compass describe from the center C the arc AFB, which will wind through the center F, & which will cut the circle in AB \ draw the line AB, that you will also divide in two by the CEFD line, the part AE or EB will make one of the sides of the Eptagon. Cut a straight line into equal parts. PI. i. Fig. 13. To cut into 5 equal parts on the right AB, from point A me- nose at will AC line, & furicclle pofez y times the compass of a even open JK, lead straight DK <3c fa parallel El, FL prife of the ic. part, where it will cut the line AB into L; Inter-- val LB will do the 5 *. part of line AB. Trace the figure of a pointed eye or oval. P. 4. Fig. the. Make a round of the golf player that you are removing, you will share it in four equal parts, paltate the lines through the center, you divide the diameter into 4 equal parts, and you will take some two parts to form the diameter of the circle of the tip of the egg, that the two circles form tangent to each other; leaking you pull the sides of the oval in you fevvanr raions, which have fervent to describe the two circles, which you will extend outside the oval pointed, where will make the center of the curves of the sides of the oval. Reduce a small Poligoie or increase fans change the figure. Consider the Figure of Poligonne 3. from Ja Plate 4. which has fixed dimensions k larger or smaller, draw straight lines from point A at all angles, draw parallels to these sides of line in line, foil inside or outside, &. the figure will be reduced or enlarged Reduce a triangle. PI. 4. Fig. 6. Draw parallels on the OP side, parallel cliac will sort, angI femblablc. Reduce wi Pejitagone PI. 4. Fig. 5. Divide the Pentagon into a triangle, & make each triangle as in the previous one & it will be reduced. Bodies, or folids, make insane three dimenfions, which oni width ^ length Qi. height or depth. The faces of JoliJei make fuperficies. Equal & fcmblable folides are completed by femblablcs ridges equal in number & in size. The sharp angles make the inclinaifon produced by more than two lines that touch at the same point. Piramicîe, eftun folide understood of several plans which fèrencon-, holds at one point, & which have another plan for bafe. 5 d. & 56th. Figure from the 2nd. Board. Prifine, is a Solid surrounded by several reflex planes r & - opposite guliars &. equal, as Figures 55 & 66. of the 3rd. Board. Sphere, is a Ball, or folid body included for a sheet ^ area which has a point in the middle that we call center, we I call aulfi globe, as in Fig. 52. of IP. 2. Calote, is a curved furface, to which a straight line cannot be applied in any case; the cap is concave inside, & convex outside. PI. 2. Fig. 53. The Cube, or hexahedron, is a folid ending in fix furfaces quar- recs & equal. PI. 2. Fig. 58- Cone, efpecc of Piramide which in a circle for bafe, it is made by the movement of a right triangle, around the ua dimensions which form the right angle, which side is the axis of the Cone, who misses the point & who falls in the center of fà bafe; there are Straight cones, Fcalene cones whose axis is inclined to fàbafè, & Truncated Cones, PI. 2, Fig. J4, 59. & 63. 6c PI. 3. Fig. go. & 81. Cilindrc is a round, long body like a pillar; he there are straight cylinders & obliques; the cylinder has two circles for bafes, it is made by the circular movement of a Parallel- gram around one of the sides; the line falling from the center of these two bafes is called the axis of the cylinder, PI. 2. fig. 5 i. & 57. Héiifè, eft a cylindrical body in the shape of screw which turns also- slowly around its axis, as if it is spinning around a cylinder. Plate 3. fig. 79. The Annular, is an arch that revolves around an empty or a * column & which has the shape of a ring to put in the must. These strong voutesfe conftruifent for defcentesde cellars, or sharing, OR stave vaults, such as the semi-annular of the figur * 1 16. tk'la 4. Plank, which cut by the axis of a piece of wood, 5c which is foureniic fur fcs edges by two circumscribed circles which close it veur de nainiincc. Having spoken of the cojnpqfîtio7i of Lines, Plans, Solids ^ of their figures j / '/ lie these are pins than to speak of their me- swears Sy from e72 find the lengths ^ lesfurfaccs ^ the loyalties. We said cy- before that the line cfl a length fiias au- cune width nor cpailîeur j it is therefore only a question of walling length: but this length fe mc (iu-e fuivanr it ei \ pofée of level, or fleeing foninclinaifon, as for the toifé of the materials em- bent in a conlhufHon, fbit cut stones, masonry, ^^ ois (Others, who enter the compofition of a Building, one me- the lengths as they prefer. But when it comes to mcfure lines that enclose (earthen urfaccs to form the Plan before building or sharing, the lengths that inclined must fe mefujcr only horifontalcment; expected that it is only q \ K by this means that we can relate these lengths, to form Ja furfacc or the Plan. We will deduce this principle of mcfiu-e horizontal longer in the Surveying of woods, soils, meadows that make up the Terriers &. their renovation. Ainfi, to measure a diflancc from one point to another which make the two ends of a line to be mcfured; compare the length from a known length to that of the length which we have known; This known structure is a pole, a rod, a toife, or a foot, the length of which is known; & to iterate with jutleffe, it is necessary to follow exaftcment a straight line between fes two points, & it is preferably to draw this straight line that you must wear the mcfiu-c known ; because all the other lines, faiflmt néccfraircment a more or less large dvtour, are longer than the straight line you who makes no detour. From the Diejnre desfitrfaces. it is obvious, that the common size of the furfaces must be cll> even a furfacc j by excmjjlç, a multiple pole, uxic yard ■ i quarrée j or a roife or a quarré foot, make furfaces: because a square foot which contains in length x 2 inches, dark square and 144 inches to a square toife which is 6 feet long, dark square is 36 piccis; because 6 times 6 is thirty-fix, like 12 times 13 font 144. By the same raifbn uneverge, which one names in German mand Ruth who is 16 feet tall, square and 256 feet tall; a per- che who is 22 feet tall, square and 484 square feet 5 strong that a wall which has 4 broad & 6 long, that is to say 4 times 6 is 24, which contains the surface of the Quadrilateral rectangle. Of the mad of the foolish. The lines that we have said lines & furfaces, for- see fuffirc to understand lame fúredes folides, that is to say, expanses terminated by furfaces, which are called mad, & which by conféquent fè m.cfurent by the three dimenfions which make the geurs, the lengths Se the heights or depths; whose pra- tick is done by comparaifbn by measuring the length that one fu- pofe of 6, then finally measuring the width that one (lippofe equal- here lies 6, & the depth or height which is still ilx; oh to know its solidity, we make this rule by multiplying the lar- geur by the length endifant6 times 6 is 36 which is the square of the furface on one side; " "M 7 ^ 1 ^ Scotie, hollow round. L Quarter Round. Half hollow C »vet, 01} or we or "not or in ea we had 19 Three authors, Regict and Strip. i I \ fhaga; e (^ Small torus, Superior torus. Eschine, atragille leibicn. vs Escape or Doric Cimiife I r ^ -l \ '! ifmÊaài'SSS "\; S! fi ^' If: .... ■ ...?":: .. -? -.ïsrrorra.isgnE-TKiir ^ lé d ^ o “^ Mrs. Wolff & Frezler, & which the Greeks did not give pedestals to Orders, however we will prefer those from Mr. le Cler. Proportions. £ 51 'divide the three Greek Orders' The Orders divide crazy three known parties, fçavoir, in pie- deftaux, en Colonnes, & en entablemens. These three parts are core divide fous troij others, façoir; The pedestals, bafè, dais & cornice. The Columns, in bafcs, in stems & in capitals. The entablemens, in Architraves> in friezes Se in cornices. And all these parts are still divided into moldings, like oa will explain it cy after. The Module will do n coinpojê. parts, £ jf each part from 1 2. other smaller parts. The module will always be half the length of the bottom of the column which will have 12 parts. But the whole height will be 8- parts to the portion i the portion will have 8 parts which make the> - of the module. The Doric Order will have 37 portions of height which make 24 modules to have, The pedestal - - The Column - - - 24 The entablature - The Order loniqne will have 40 portions of height which make 26? Nodules \ fçavoir, The pedestal -. - g ^ The column - - . 26> 40 portions or 320 portions. The entablature - - - 6) The Corinthian Order will have 43 portioris in height ^ which make 08 inodule \ fçavoir, The pedestal - -. 9 The Column - - - 28 ^ 43 portions or 3 44 parts. The entablature - - - 6 7 servings ^ i4> 37. or 296 games. ") PLATE VI. The portion is g. parts> the three portions will make the grojfeur Colomy from below or outsourced of which half will do the module of 12 parts. Gradation of the three Orders. Doric 37. Ionic 40. Corinthian - - - - 43. As ilfe can meet, that young Archice £ lcs, apparatus- their, or stonemasons, are employed to restore some beings at the Gothic churches, which are crowned by figures hearts, pears or other coupled pieces & stuffed with moldings other than those explained & described in Plate 5, we we saw fit to place here some of these figures, to mark their proportions & how to draw them, not needing hay other Inftruftion than infpeftion sheet of Plate 6. Proportions of Columns. The proportion of Columns for their total height, including the feet - the feet, will be found in this program 37. 40.43. ■ which are 24 modules | - 26 m. i & 28 modules i, so a high being given to raise a Column of Order of Architecture, we find the module & the diameter of the bottom of the Column as it leaks. For the Doric Order with pedestal; You have to divide all the hau- in 37 portions; three portions of the height will be the diameter be at the bottom of the column, half of which forms the module. For the Ionic Order with pieileftal, divide the given height in 40 portions, so three portions will be the diameter of the bottom of the Column or 2 modules. For the Corinthian Order with pedestal, it is necessary to divide all the height. tor in 43 portions, three of which will be the diameter of the bottom of the CO ' lonne, or two modules. Proportions of Colorws fmis piédejiaux. For the Doric Order divide the height into 30 portions, 3 will the diameter of the Column. For the Ionic Order, divide the haureiur into 32 portions, 3 will the diameter, or 2 modules. For the Corinthian Order, divide the height into 34 portions, 3 will make the diameter or 2. modules. From the Columns Module. Architefles do not stop at a traffic light to de- complete the module, some took the diameter of the bottom of the colon do, which I divide here into 24 parts, which the Architefts name other large modules have taken half-diameter, including I am using it here, and that I will divide 12 parts to make the modu- the; Architects call it medium module, & moy, module. Finally others have divided a third of the Diameter to make it small module, which I divide here into g parts which I call portions, because let me divide the height of the Orders, ■■ •• ■ he. .4 |. 81 | 3âC «« * ««> r Areoftyle, i. " “■ B ■ a • I 10, I " 4 " 4 • " 91 * * ^ : = ^ Me NOT ^ K-S • * % ; lv * 3 M 9l. »* * '• I I- : VS NOT Sr.v * '' /, li. # ... * '•> ..., û 9mm mmm sstBKfsam IS c ^ o ^ 11 in the same way of the 6 coupled Columns of the 8 Plate. the 4 columns concenuiqucs lo lo modules, & theiropopred 12 modules i. Their centers in ell: distant from 19 modules; Inter- valles des Colonnes i 2 modules] & their oppofés i j modules their center is 24 modules apart. At the same Plate g. Columns separated by five modules them from one center to another make Picnollyles. The diftances of the curves 7 modules | , & their oppofés i o modules which is Diaftyle; their cen- be away from 22 modules. At the same Plate g. The 6 columns that have the intervals Pycnoftyles, the radii of the curve 2 module {. & oppose them Picnoftyle 5, distant up to the center of 7 modules. And at the same figure 5 Picnoftyle, & de leiu: oppofé 7 modules |. The center be away from 13 modules |. AT PLATE Wine. "9 ^^ • ^ ■. »» »*" '* 'i / '/ <". ïi'iyJiiii; . • • ■ "ta" ^ /! îl | ii | î ii'i • » Efptcem «nn • i [e Colohiic. ^ * in portion of Circle. ii ■ 14 '■ 3 . o at. 5: 'is ^ Mm ^ s! 30 't ^ * ^ On Plate 9. i. Figure. The 4 Coupled Columns & Pic- noftylesfont in dilbnce of 7 modules \ from the center of a Column to in the middle j & the center of the concentric circles of the 4 Columns eft distant from T9 half motlules. L: s 4 Columns of the same Plate, figure a, so a diflance cft Picnollylc ôcfon oppofc of 7 modules i, fcnt in diflance as the preceding of 7 modules •, & the center of the portions of circles centric in distance from 29 half modules. The 6 Picnoftyle Diftance Columns, figure 3 & 4, the Areoftyle 10 & fon oppofc ï2 modules i, distant from their center with 5'4 half modules. The 4 Columns of Figure 4, of 12 Modules î, "Scfonoppo- fé 15 modules, move away from their center of 32 modals î. The 4 Columns in Figure 5. of 7 modules ^, & fon oppofé 10 modules, make distant from the commim ceiirrc which has shrunk them, dc 54 ^ half modules. The 4 Columns in Figure 6 that make Areoftylc, & fon oppofc ï2 module i, fontélorgrés of letir center of 76 half modules. Having room for this Plate 9, we figured a com not on the wrong way, with a lead & dark eye, &. a level of ' pofeur with its lead, the faulfc squaring will coiling angles reailigncs, take the melures- & bring them back to the stones of cut or fur the woods; the nivcaru fcrvira to dictate horifon lines- tales -, & the lead will be used to draw & check the vertical lines &. at lead. L A N C H E î X. a »'Mn';> aaM.i'MViii« îa-friii-r * ip- ' "7. ^ c ^ 'mm T.w-ï * S I S. ■ ■ s * H "S W Picnoftyle- have . ^ ww., .- 1 • '■ ^ - H / - • .7 ^ ç.m. z.m. I he É »O • ■ g " ^ he VftO • "" L "< ^ '' 'Ij *' • E Level. ij.; yy ' L 2 3 * ^ o ^ One can form a double column aceouploc a Périftylc of the- Columns in a circle with 12 other columns with concentric ceiclcs ques. See Plate 10. Qiii cft the Plan made for the cross from the middle of the City of Echternacli, which is enclosed by 24 Column? Doric Order, & the cross in the center of the circle for a Colon- ne Corinthian; the Columns which form the chapels, make, as we said accpuplécs, the Columns from within make away born from each other from "half modules; therefore they make diaftyle j & from the outside they make efpacces of 1 5 half modules from one department to another. So the trigliphcs & mctopcsfè find all listed very well shared; & the center is far from 9. motKilcs l, having located the module 14 inches from France; so the Columns have 4 feet of grolTcur, the chapel in vre 22 feet 2 fonts for Your Diameter; delfus clt finished in cap covered with cut stone with joint-covered covered with middle by the Sativator; at the top of the entablature, above the Columns cA pofé fur a pedestal each of the 12 Apostles; in- dansaudefîijs of the entablature, the vault which closes in the buttress, includes naiflancc, & is three feet high, clicks away half a half concave fpherc decorated with 12 Arcdoublcauxquifc end enrayons around a Sr. Esprit fufpendante au ceiling delacoupollc au dcfïïis du Chrifl de la Croix. Lon goes up to the entrance of this chapel of five steps, the 5th of which forms the ceiling or staircase, which failed the Colon- nes de n-ois pieds, what is the landing for the Fan Columns pedestals. Below the chapel there are two pourap steps. to approach the cross that flows: at the end of a Column of the Corinthian Order with pedestal; but the Column was not finished; that by fon Cha- piteau, which receives the Cross & the Chrift. It is to this Cross that the special Procellîons give to the 2 Feast of Pentecost the afternoon before their accommodation, where they re- receive rlnflru (^ ion & the blessing of their father. This: again to the same cross that is set on the next day at 4 a.m. rin the same special procedures before going to the place of general afTcmblce, where fc starts the Proccflion folenncl- Jc & general to come to the Abbey; laquclIcProcdlion is getting there As much joy, oh fatigue as Devotioft, PLATE X. 33 m ■ Bmk mm .y 'wM ■ "'* aiii, i ,, iiiiit' i; i 34 ^ o ^ Ji3 We have yet another column efpacemcnt fur cour * concentric bures, which have diltance lo modules of the center of u ne Column to the other, which shift ert Areoftyle, Plate i t. including the first part of lo modules, fur fon oppofe 12 modu- & a half. The center of the two curves is 24 dia- meters and a half which make 49 modules. The fertile part of the same figure, which describes curvatures from one Column to another of 12 modules & a half fur oppofé 15 modules, which are distant from their center by 60 modules. Having more room for this Plate 11. We have traced the way there Father Dcrand Jéfuifte cnfeignc in the cut of stones, for make the eFForr of the vault poulTy of all types: method easy but not very crazy. The size of the voiite being given known AB likewise that the height of fa rnontêe, find Nppaijpur of right foot or abutment. After that we have described the arch of the vault from the couinnets AB, it must be divided into three equal payments AD, DC, CB, & run away draw a straight line from the point of divider C to the point of the neck ^ fmet B, which must be extended from point B to such dirtancc like CB, where we will raise a plumb line which will regulate the épailîeur the right foot of the arch, which right foot will always elevate as high as the arch defllis & more, if it was balanced, had gar- netting the Kidneys of the vault Uti. 7. JttMnvtK mi We have also given an example to the same Plate of make the Pithagore square where there is a right angle. This operation easy ration; she does it by putting 4 feet fur a straight line & ends of which two other sides must be made, one of three feet the other of 5, & this will make the square just in Fiihagoie; because line 3 with line 4 meet them ano right & of equcrrc, as it sees in figure J. such an operation is auflî jullc that with the Surveyor's square that we figured in the same Plate; however the equestrian shortens the larger ones more operations as they are described in right angles auxfio-uresK &, L. de l; i same Plate; which we will explain further in the Treaty of the mcfurcs. Columns Orders. The size & proportion of a Module is half the diameter of the bottom of the Column: I divide it icy into 12 parts. If I give here the three crazy Greek Orders a new method & a 12-part module, I don't plan on raising myself vel Author, nor enter a difcours acefujctqui fcroientfupcrflus: the number of figures that I give, whatever gra \ ecsfur wood, is pluff fuffifammcnt, it will be enough for me to make some remarks, & some observations, which I believe are necessary for Tiurtrudion's those who are starting this study. Of the Doric Order. The Doric Order has no scroll, but it has many molds. res, "Se fa frife ell adorned with trigliphs & 'metopes. To construct this Doric Order with fon picdeftal, we divide- ra all the height in 37 equal Portions, 'we will give 7 aupié- deftal, at Column 24, & at the entablature 6. So the whole Fe- ra en frayions / ^. il & / _ which make 24 modules i. If we want to build this Order pedestrian fans, we will give to the Column 24 portions, & at the entablature 6; each serving will do of 8 parts, &. the whole will make 20 modules. The baffle of the pedestal will have i o parts j of parts, fon dcz auras 3 P T, A M C H E X I I î. 4T * iast '<' 'WJ «a! T23SEaC2l! S3af2S'ÏK: î2ianES! 44 't ^ o * ^ ■ 3-part modules | , & fa cornice will have 6 parts. So the pieJc- There will be 4 modules |. The bafo of the Column will have 12 parts, Your fiât will have after the draw- equal 14 modules, & fon marquee one module, which was all in all 16 modules. The architrave of the entablature will have i module, fa frife i module ], & cornice wire will have a module 1, all making 4 modules. The moldings of this Order are rated both in height and bankrupt as Plate 13. The import of this Order is 10 parts high, & 4I bankrupt fon Archivolte will be 8 parts wide, & 3½ parts ■ bankrupt. It will be noted that the mutules of this order are diminished &. re- due to 8 parties i of bankruptcy, by confiscating bankruptcy of the ledge only 2 1 parts. The ceilings of the Doric cornices that we gave to Plates 14 L" / ii ./^.^^,^^: i ^^, gi} <^^ I u ^ ^ take advantage of Your 30 leagues away to make the Archi- straight span & form a ceiling above the door, fansréHcchir to repure traced in the Eglifè where the entablature makes return, & where the trigliphcs & metopes fe are distributed. When he returned he was more time to demolish an Architrave & a frifc where the defect is fc metopes are a little too wide. Celaneferoitpoint arrived, ft we had followed the establishment of the structure in accordance with the plan approved by the Major Superiors on January 22, 1754. PLATE XV. ^ "3 ^ Plate 15 shows the ceiling of a Doric Enrablement with returns, & a Column or pilaftrc at the mocking angle, May $ there is an obfcrvcr, that, if there is a Column at the corner, there is ve a cantilever to the Architrave which almost flir the cutter of the chapi- column of the Column, a defect which cannot be avoided; that vein puts a pilaster there which should not be diminished, the Architrave makes a treats the pilaster's knot, a defect that can only be corrected return to the entablature which is yet another fault to be avoided; '. ée strong that when we meet several faults, it is always necessary- to choose the slightest, when orders are made to reflect, or Do- eric, Ionic or Corinthian, the relTaut cannot be less i * the Doric Order as a metope, to the Ionic of many dcnti- culcs, & to the Corinthian of a modillon, to be able to connect ' ine that the cutter in two ways ^ The import of this Order will be divided into 4 and 4 parts "Nor bankrupt. Its Archivolt will have a height of 8 parts, 5c of failUa: 3 parts {. PLATE XVI. 49 From the Corinthian Order. The Corinthian Order is cara (£ check by rr ois chofes, fàvoLr par1 “ bafc de ft Column which has three tori, by {one marquee which has * cauJicôtes & dcii.v rows of leaves, &. by the modillions of (to cor- niche. This Order is the most beautiful, the most perfect, & the most glove of all orders i call it the delicate ec virginal; oa employment at all celebrations, triumphs & entertainment, to games 6c at the Temples dedicated to the virgins. It was invented by the Architects of Greece, in honor of Corinthc son of Maria- tuna, & "{bn marquee by CallimacKus Sculptor " ^ n'i" ■ I '"-' * '■ ■"' '^ î' ** "* '* t ^ ) We will of course observe that there must always be a rnoâH.- lumb down in the middle of the column or the Pilaftre. The Corinthian import will have i height module i & 5 parts of bankrupt, fbn Archivolte? '; ra a module of height & 4 parts ^ of fail- lie; the interval between the ArchivoItc ôc l'Architrave will make g panics, & fà coiifble or key aura, 1 1 parts of ûillie. We have given this Plate the way to reduce the colon- nes, fans no bulge ^ the gruffeur & the height being tei'minécs divide the height in j. Having determined how much we want that it decreases, we decrease it icy by a fixicmc of the Diameter. Ay- ant therefore 24 parts from the bottom & as many by letiere, we decrease * laCo. lonne of 4 panies at the high end, which makes two parts on each side. To achieve this, we make a semi-circle at a third of the Column PC) I "; divlfe the other two thirds as cheerful parts, as we wish icy cry 5; Column tax charged by CNLIGQEA points on draws a parallel from point D to point R which is the decrease in Co- lonne cnfuite we divide RF into as many parts as we divided the top ^ tor of two thirds icy it (Goes to 5, & we draw parallels of the points OMKH jufqucs fur the divide curve at each di \ rfion point; enfc; i- 4 we draw from point D to point O, & from point O to point M. from point * M at point K, &. fled to point H & from H to F a line flowing by all these points, which will decrease the Column sought. Find repivjjeurdn right foot of third party sale - poiirt. . Divide the height of the doelx of the voureen two eguiemcnt, corame | icy t figure BD, extend the length BD juf ^ u 'in E, from point E' elevate the line at p'omb parallel to FB, higher than the arch; &. BG will make the back of the right foot of the arch AHDB. , j May trace the Frontons., The width of the Fronton being given as icy at AB same Plan- 1 - che, divide the line AB in xleux also as in C, draw a * | - * - ^ perpendicular CD to AB, bring from C to J) the length CB or CA, the point D will make the center of the curve AEB, which will form the Fronton if it | is curved, or if it has sides, AE & EB will make it the same, expected that CE will measure up. ! ! . ^ ^ ^ i **, - ■ > Ordie-s either Dorique, Ionique, or Cwinthien rise on straight, curved, or mixed faces, or finally on landings straight or curved lines of rain, forming fronts or rear bodies. We even have several orders for each other, but you must always place the most the most delicate madcaps, and that the "Axes of Columns fc re- lay vertically & plumb from each other, from mèniô that i.1 is represented on Plate 1 8 i where we placed the Doric says JHercuiéen, because the noble pride of fa composition and fa prepare for the foutien of the other two Orders, &, that the interval of .1 o modules from one Column to another furpaffe that of the Areoftyle, having aulK mark the acoupL-es or diftanics columns of a half module ura de groffeur that 29 inches, which is reduced by a liv; th, it has from the top only 2 feet I pcuce loiignes. AinfiJa Corinihian column will have from below than z feet j inch, "Scparlchaut 20 inches 10 lines. However when there is only one Order "q-di takes from the bottom of the fbcle until the roof of the building, it is much more magnificent, & i'm open in eftplus male & more prominent; instead of several Gold * always pulled each other make the work very sketchy & little é'egantj moreover the larger the Orders, the more the moldings in are strong & nervous. the more male and more visible ornaments. O f4 dS »o ^ Qiioique ayoïib gives us to boards 14 & rç the way To train the cnrablcmcns with feedback, both in Oiling angles, and in Inward angles; we saw fit to represent icy on Map of the Eglife & the Portal of the Abbey of St. Vincent de la Ville of Metz, where we will notice the ten Doric Columns, end: fa- those of straight lines with returns proportional to the construction of an ancient Gothic Eglile. Q ^ iovqu'a Eglife almost weak- you or he only has to make it regular by lengthening it ccqui lui ell nécelTaire so that the width of the nave (bit half of length, we always notice more difficulties in adding a portal that responds to all the capital points so wide than the height of fiiits works, especially when it is necessary to obey wishes of the owners, like icy in St. Vincent de Metz, where it takes three doors that meet in the middle of both the Nave and Collaterals even at the height of the vault, where there was a window to light the grandstand which ruins the organs; he was born ^ to make this window go up to the ceiling, fans al- check the proportions of the window. These demands there are particular reflections. Auiïi Mr. de BrolTe benefited from it so embarrassed at the portal of St. Gcrvais, where he meprified to place the Collateral doors in the middle of the collateral: raifon why keeps them closed. On the Doric Columns there are 10 other Ionic Columns riont the axes of the Columns fe respond, & the jMla / lres which make behind fe withdraw in proportion to the knot of the wall which always rebates with lead. On the Ionic Columns fix in the middle of the gate rise fix Axures Corinthian Columns accompanied by conlblcs who come fercpofèr fur of pedestals that terminate the entablature Ioni- only with vafes: The pediment which ends the 4 Corin Columns- thiennes in the center, bought the cross which is accompanied by two va- fes pofés fur the Corinthian entablature above the Columns in. retreat & aflis along the pedestals that make them unique. Regarding the Doxal of this Eglife, we will give some in the cutting of stones the Plan, the elevation & the profile. PLATE XVIIL gmm ^ Mi ^^ tiwMiujmiiuM pi i i i i i »« ss r ^ - ^^ S ^ Jï * loaique. f Vtm -ise ^^ ZJg ^ ) LiLfii_ilirjlL! ._ JII_l_J • 5 "ni *. / i "liA T ** £ * T *. **"> * AAAA 'MtiÀA àé vs 5 ^ -J k, - ^ Ooriqne ,. Where Doors. The doors must be stored for three different Clafles: eî- '' They are large, medium, or small. Large ones (have por r your Triomphales, doors of Theaters, & Amphitheatres. Lc $ • porticoes which form between the Columns & the pilasters stand also ! ■ a row between the door rails; all these big doors have to H be arched from above, those that are between Columns &. of pilasters, must be accompanied by sidewalls, & Ar- chivolts. The doors of churches, palaces, hotels, even like Maifons who have gates, still number i - large doors, like those of Courts, gardens &. of • »'Parks. The latter must have at least once & i of their lar- geur for height. • 'The Arcs of Triumphs make constructions that we make fur Some shares with various ornaments in the entrances of the Roy9 • rainqucurs * These Arches must be beautifully decorated with Architecture & , Sculptures, but fans confufion, to preserve the memory of ^ their great aftions in profiteering. We make several subscriptions & bas-reliefs which show the exploits of great men. Therefore the Arcs-de-Triomphcs make large doors that never close but & which stand at the entrances of the Sovereigns, & for the magnificence ficence of peoples. They must be brilliant and noble i pofition showing large streets, or highways that I respond, with avenues of trees which border them on both sides. tees & that make them be seen in the distance. These large Tri- omphales must be accompanied by two other smaller doors. even tites, when they come together along paths or •. trivial avenues, they are given afpefts responding to each a- Yenuës. We still practice fbuvent, in their collateral, baflins with water jets or waterfalls for kurembelliffcment. 1 Plate 20 represents the idea of ​​two crazy triumphal doors ies special plans. \ The vaults & sockets of these Triumphal 6c doors PLATE XIX> % f îç. ^ V | ^: 'f ^ - "a" ^ V ts ^ ' / ■ P] year of the Eelife of Sf. Vincbnt de Metz, completed eni7j'f. & ^ enlarged from line AB. with a Portal of 4 ^. Columns or - ^ S * - ^ Employees believe the orders, Greek, & a Tuperbc tribune fur les deflsins by J. Antoine Architeore, & Arpenteur General in Metz. ■ SMBi W ^ their Bows must be decorated dccompartimcns riclicmcnttr ^ .vaiKés low reliefs, which announce the fujct of the “ntrcc, the exploits of the He- ros & fcs victories, in order to make the crossing more pleasant. These compartments will make Archirecture moldings, & the skin carved from below. reliefs (to be too busy. We also sometimes do these Triumphal Arches of the Platte- shapes adorned with balufhcs that end them all around, could ^ femblcrlcs peoples in the entrances of Sovereigns, <5c sometimes “Ulfi these plattc-forms or covers are terminated by grada- to show the Ladies &. give it this magnificence, which announces with words, songs & cheers the joy that connect & that we defirc to communicate to the winners. The two models given here will suffice to get an idea of ​​their compofition, & will provide the means to turn it into a canvas Plan me that the trrere will allow it, & as such elevation that the Ar- "Hite £ will find it most apparent. With regard to the great gates of the Eglifes, they make or- dinarily between Orders which finish their heights '.'i: ^ . i ^, ■ (% d ^ o * ^ The medium doors make the entry doors of the maifons, that we call Portes Bourgcoifcs, or Portes Bâtardes j doors should not be less than 4 feet wide, nor wider than 6. The height must be proportioned to twice their width. There are still other doors that are only three feet width, & some others two feet t those with two battans, & the small ones with 3 feet, which fervently of communication & clearance to small apartments, & which communicate in the inter-fols » Double leaf doors are usually 4 feet wide, sometimes 5, 5î & up to 6, "but they must never paffer 6 feet, nor be less than 4 &. half. The little ones, who than 3 feet, must be at least 6½ feet & 6 feet 5 inches tall. FIGURE XXin. 4t When making doors in a Building, you have to be careful to place them as the same alignment, & in a row, thus distant from the wall in a room that in the other, & when there is a return for the doors, the row must be always days opposite a window so that the look can be extended; the view has had satisfied, & the apartments make them lively; but it is difficult to place the doors vis-à-vis the windows, since the corners have to be stronger, than those of the building's faces, it would be more appropriate, instead of windows, to place it P 2 H d ^ o ^ Fig. 24-that a mirror glass, which prolonged by a perfpcclive the view of apartments. We will take care not to place the ports too close to the mur & de laifTer at least between the “hambranle & Ic murJamcmehr- geur than the door ch-ambranlc. As for the height medium doors Apartments, if There is no gap point & the doors have J feet wide, they can have 9 10 de liautcur i c'eltla - height of work who directs this point to cause Here are some things quads coming fur lesportesjcarà por- 5 feet wide, ten ft. tall for 1 6 apartments feet does not crack a door elevation too big. 11 taut have regard to attics & at the gorges of the plat- funds. Donors at- J door tick feet wide does must have a sign or table only 3 pi- 7 inch high teur, which ell half from the door square who has 25. In addition, the doorframe must be high. i “ur of the quadre of atiique have 1 g inches, besides 1 1 inch. for the throat e ^ - o ^ 6S from the ceiling 'i ceqni made in all i6 crazy feet ceiling. By the same Raifon to a door 6 feet wide which would be 12 high the frame will be 6 inches long, the two quadrars of the atric will have twelve & the panel will have 4 feet 3 inches for the side of the quarré 18 half of 36, with a foot of gor- age on the ceiling which will form a height of 1 8 feet 9 inches crazy freaks. It is therefore necessary to have regard to the attiqucs beyond the doors to adjust the heights of both the doors and their fittings. But when there are mid-airs defTus of room pedestals, like in closets, & wardrobes, doors cannot be high than those explained before. Sup- pofons here Wittlich Castle where "The apartments are only 17 feet tall. 1 ^^ inches crazy ceilings, the inter-fols have 6 feet 6 inches, the work which fepare have thumbs, & he never rebels for the height of the pieces beyond inter-fols that xo feet to inches, of that ^ it is necessary to remove a foot so much for the deflus of the door with ià small corni- che, that for the throat of the ceiling, Confuciously the door of five feet wide cannot be high less than 9 feet 2 inches: beyond the pan- attic level will be 5 feet wide geur fur 6 in height. We paflbns here in the way & in the deffein, in the same way me as the battans or cha volans. which door. We will just have explained the proportions & heights: free, however, to the Archite ^ e to make changes there- gemens fuivanE fon taste. 6 (“^ o“ “^ Windows of the maifons in general. The windows of the maifons darken with the maifons what the eyes do men. They must be piopoinonaelks to those who occupy these maifons. There are windows of all sizes, but we will only talk of those that have been three feet wide until now, albeit the countryside there are 2 feet &. 2 ½ feet. Those of three feet wide place in the maifons of the limbs individuals; those of 6 to the maifons & the Palaces of the Kings, Princes, P; éiats 6c Lords of the first dilution. The windows are in proportion, as for their width & height, flee- praising the 47 proportion of the first book of Euclid, & still fleeing the difference of chaflîs quilesrem- pliffent j & chaiïis still do proportionate to the people which these maifons make up when they want to live in them. We usually put pe- wooden breasts with windows of maifons extinction people, & lead to those of the Commoners. As a principle we will give cy- after dimenlions for wood from windows or croifs from three feet of water jufqua 4 feet 3 inches. If there will be more very dimenfionsfor the woods of el- them from 4 ft 3 inches up to 6 ft. of width; & one & the other, will be shared by an import or tnancau with two height tiles above, five at deflbus. sometimes 3 tiles fur im'impoflc, 6c 4 de / Tous, fleeing that the case the demandci-a for the bottom or for the top of the apartments which by decreasing the dependence of large Spaniards, will save at the same time - the height & the size of the woods, which make fujeM i fe torment. Bois des Fenêtres » Window wood from 3 feet up to 4 feet 3 inches will have of grofleur, favor, the rest amounts to inches | art, fuS 1 4 claws of epailfeur. ° The monks of the chaffis will have width 2 inches 3 lines with their walnuts, fur 14 lines of shoulder fairy. The two middle mountains auron 17 lines of épaiffeurjfur 4 inches 8 lines wide taken casts up. Small spiked woods Diamond will only have ten lig- nes de groffeur. The resting beams at the bottom & from the top will each have 3 inches these tall, fur 2 inches i of shoulder. And the crossings of volans 2 inches i of spikiness, two and a half inches wide geur. , ^^ j ^ Imports or maneauxau- will go with the chaffis of the volans, 5 inches tall, two inches these 5c half for the tax or maneau, & 15 ligncîS for the lef ChaiEs. For Windows from 4 feet 3 inches up to 6 feet. 'The dormant montans will be 3 inches wide, fur 16 line ” thick; & ù. we put counters there, they need 2 inches & half shoulder. The montans of the small wood shutters will have 16 lines of epairtcur, fur 3 inches Si. half widej to caufc the nut of 6 lines which must enter the dormant. The two middle montans will have 19 thick lines, & J inches 2 lines taken together in width. The two bottom and top rails of the frame will be 3 inches & a half in height, three inches thick. The bottom rail of the small wood challîs will be 3 inches high teur, Tur 3 inches of shoulder to form the backwaters. The top of the steering wheel will have a width of two inches 1, as 16 shoulder lines The impotte will be 5½ inches tall. " Small clover woods will have 14 lines of groflcur, including the bats to sharpen the glasses. Ainfi, by forming window croilecs with fpecified woods of this strong, we will have the widths of the tiles, whose diagonal of fbn quarré, fliiving the 47 of Euclido, will give the height of each that tile, & fùivantle computation made in the Fuivante Table. We need this- during obferva that when we make the same window round from above in the Avant-Corps, & that it came from rees aux Arriéres - Coqis of the same facade, the supports must be &, the covers come level, furtous when there are tre-fols, so that the impoflcs which hide the work of entre-fol ^ must be on the same level. For this it is necessary that the fans of the fe- Xictrcs arched are a little furious. This lesser fault than having windows of two high walls that look ridiculous same alignment, some orncrrienr that one can make while the window-> be "^ O '' ^ 69 r o o AND Yes vs f6 r o vs not o X o o VS had o not 1-S > -! n> pi VS ro vs • -t P ^ not vs: O O o oq o had rs • T3 O r> O "-S o not Pi VS "-1 had r-t " oq o VS O VS r-t not U 3 cr h- your D had at P ' in. 7 7 po li feet in. 4 - I feet in. 9 - 3 in. II in. 6- 6 -9I4 - - 9-9-9 1 ^ 7 - I lio | 7 -2 -4 | 4 - - - IX0-5-4I7 9! 7 - 10 | ii-i | 7-9-iLf4 - - - I11-0-11I7 4 | 8 - 7 I12- 2 1 | 8 -5-9 | 7 ■ 3 12 - - | 8 • . -. 4 - 3 | 9 - 4- I13-2] 9- 0-6I9 - 6 | i2 - 9 8 - 6 4 - 6 \ 9 ■ 5 î | i3-4 (9-3 -4 (12 - 5 12 - II J9 9 | io-2 || i4-5-ol9-io-ii | i2 -7 | i3 - 4 | 9 | io- iii | i5-j5 | io-6-2 | i2 - 10I14 - 6 | io 3 | ii-8 II16-6 | Iii.i-9i | i3 -2ÎI15 -2 | io 5 • 6 | i2-5 II17-7 iiii-8-4l | i3 -3î | iS-8 8 | ii - - 5 -S9 I13-2 î | i8-7 i | i2-46 | i3 -6 | i6 - 6 | ii- 5 feet I13-11I-I19-9-0I14-03I13-9 | i8-i | l2 - square to align them to the arched windows which is in two ma- nières for 6 feet wide & 14 ft windows, 3 lines height. The same should apply for those who have ^ less width. O 7 © t ^ o "^ Figure 2 6. V ^ ' PLATE XXV II. - jg P ■ ■ ”? ■ <*: -fflL »i ^ ^ rt. ^ 71 7 * i ^ o '^ ? By this Table we see the width & the height of each tile, the height & width of the windows, those of the grooves & the cor- niches above the window; & adding 2 feet 8 inches window sill height, it is at the height of each room crazy beams as it is marked in the table, as well as the lar- frame of window frames. By confâiucnt Your see that it the width of the fcncrre which gives the height for beams' apartments, & that we do not come to the knowledge of the height windows that only in width, relative to the width tiles which give their height at the same time. There are also windows called Mezanincs, other than we call Skylights, others that make round bccuf eye or oval for roofs; but when they put them on the mental- ment, they should only be three-quarters of the width ^ delTous, however always square or bomb, &. an inch per foot or semi-circular from above, not round or oval. The drip lines in the cellars will be the same width as the skylights, but will only be 8 or 9 inches tall. The stone windows that are placed in the attic name mezanines; they must have the same width as those delTous with 4 tiles wide, but they should not have that 3 in height, or sometimes two. These mezanines are all days wider than tall. Instead of those made of cut stones & who place fiir the entablature should only be three-quarters wide those of deffous, but still 4 tiles wide & 8 five in height when glazed. The skylights that are placed in the roof above those entablemens or in the attic beyond the Brifis, must not be as wide as two-thirds or at most three-quarters of the Lu- carnes au-dclibus. These strong dormer windows are either round or oval the & have a better effect, than in lozenges or triangular. It will be observed that when a wall is too thick, it must be lightened from inside to the right aasi for the others of m ^ mt ^ uc le »lanniui dftcavfs C (!« «Lucarnei des coablci. ? 4 (^ o "^ A window 5 feet wide must be 13 feet tall lie inches having three pancaux fur there width & 5 crazy the naiiianee of cin cin-e, each panel having at the foot 6 inches 8 lines of lar gcur, & 2 feet i inches 5 lines high. A window 6 feet wide must have a height of 10 feet 5 inches; having 4 panels at front width, & 6 at front height than the naiffance of a semicircular cover, which must form Kn Fan with fcs panels; strong as each fousfanaif panel- iànce must have width i foot 4 inches 6 lines, & height I foot 1 1 inch 4 lines. A window 6½ feet wide must be high '17 feet 3 inches: fi width being divided into 4 panels, each of which can be 1 foot 6 inches wide & 2 feet 2 inches tall, not understood Fon EvantaiJ which like the previous one divided into 6 panels * By means of these proportions one can form windows as such width & height that Ion will want; but these should not be windows rise only slightly more than twice their height geur fous the naiflance of the hanger fi these windows were higher, el- it was like flutes. From the Diftribntion of maifbns. i have treated doors ^ windows that place in the walls 'around the edge of the buildings; There is no room for dealing with proportions, Feftihuks-, Halls, Rooms, Cabinets-, gar- dresses which are 71 different from the buildings specific to the dwellings. to pajfer to the aivji chimneys than to the furnaces. The different Authors who have treated up to prefer beyond diftribu- region of the Maifon Plans, did not give a proportional railbn nelle for the pieces that make up your maifons. Some have them squares the other quadrilaterals, rendered, oval or with sides in Exagon or in Oiftogone, fans will differentiate the proportions that agree. It cfl: vray that they make them a little longer than the but it is not enough to instruct, at least that we do P L A: N C h E XXVIIL € foot. i can. idcrmine piccirémcnr the ratio between the width <5c the length dff each part. The figure of an o val provides us with an example that we find reg-ulier, & that's what we need to train the other figures which have an exact ratio of length to width. AuHi the 47 propofition of the first Book of Euclid quadre be aware of this, because the diagonal of a square has something to do with the small & the large diameter of an oval; So it is this principle that we must tracing the pieces makes up everything that is the building. See the fi- oval, quadrilateral, & oftogun gures of Plate 28. Of which double the square of the width of a room is equal to the square of fa length, therefore fe will do all the distribution of the feet these of a Building i & on this fujet we formed the fuivante table. There are rooms from 6 feet wide up to 3 4 with their length commensurate with this principle. In the 2 8 Plate we see four ovals which provide the idea of 4 oval chambers larger one than the others next to it we see five quadrilaterals that give the idea of ​​five different rooms, including the square of the eyelash length doubles the square of the width. Latroi- fieme figure represents four octagon or half-sided pieces, the square of the large Diameter it doubles the square of the small Diameter. These are the proportions we give to the rooms, to the fallcs & to cabinets; po. pi po. pi po 6 - - 8 - 6 15 - 6 21 - Il 25 - - 35 - 4 6 - 6 9 - 2 16 - - 22 - 7 25 - 6 3« - - 7 - - 9 - 10 16 - 6 23 - S 26 - - 36 " 9 7 - 6 lO - 7 n - - 24 - - 26 • 6 37 ' 5 8 - II - 4 17 - 6 24 - 9 27 - - 38 2 8 - 6 12 «• t8 - â5 ' 5 27 - 6 38 p 10 9 - - 12 - 9 18 - 6 26 - 2 28 » ' 39 - 7 9 - 6 13 - S 19 - - 26 - 10 28 - 6 40 - 3 lO - - ï4 - ï f9 - 6 a7 =■ 7 29 - - 41 . lO - 6 14 - 10 20 - - 28 - 3 29 ' 6 41 - 8 1 1 - - 15 - 6 20 - 6 28 - II 30 •■ - 4* - 5 n - 6 16 - I 21 - - 30 - 30 - 6 43 I 12 - - 16 - 1 1 21 - 6 30 - 5 31 - - 43 - 10 12 - 6 17 - 8 22 - - 31 - I 31 - 6 44 - 6 13 - - 18 - 4 22 - 6 31 - lO 32 - - 45 - 3 13 - 6 19 - I 23 - 32 - 6 32 - 6 45 - II 14 - - 19 - 10 23 - 6 33 - 2 33 - - 46 - 7 14 . 6 20 - 6 24 - - 33 • lO 33 - 6 47 - 5 IJ - -' 21 - 2 24 . 6 34 - 8 34 - - 48 I Plan A prefers the Belvedere foundations, where we practiced a small fervent cellar to share an Icehouse practiced All Bcive- R 78 t ^ o "^ dcre, whose Icewater Flow goes by - deflbus them rooms in the large hollow path which is there. Plan B, which is the ground floor, is raised in two ways higher than the Qiinconce level: it repivits a small Half-timbered room, which fills the Antichambre with two small bedrooms dear, in the corners of which we practiced cupboards & a convenience, all closed with doors. Behind the Sal- there is a vcftibule for the (nettle as the campaign, & next to it vcftibule fe finds the Staircase to climb to the Belvedere. Under this Efcalior is that of the cellar, & next to the Paffage for the guard-man- ger. The cuifme is placed on the left side of the vcftibule, & leaked a room for domeftics. Under the chimney of the cuifme there there is room to heat the stoves of the Hall & the small bedroom bre. Plan C prefers the upper Floor where there is only a Half-timbered Room for summer, with 5 windows to enjoy the charming view on the main street of Setioune en vaugcs; for Mr. the Receiver of H.A. SeréniJJime the Prince of Salm. This building has only 39 feet between the two maifons half width, & from the main street, which is in front of the Bâ- timent, until ftir the behind whereeftle garden of a private individual, there is only 49 feet and a half from France in length. This building elevated higher than street level by 12 inches these for two steps. Before entering the maifon by a jacket tibule J which leads to corridor M, where there are two oppofoated doors, the u ne for cuifineK, where is a small oven with chimney, a small pot- tao-er for rechaux, in the shank of a window i yaaulfi a pump well, & a water stone in the interlocking of the be window. From this cuifme we enter a small pantry, next to which is the communication to room N where the cuifmiere: this common room for the Domc table- ftics. On the oven there is a place to store utensils communication & trouble. The other oppofee door, which is in the corridor, gives communi- cation to a marked eating hall, where there is a Ro- maine to warm up this falle. In the middle of the corridor we see the PE calier to mount the upper floor. Under this staircase is that of the cellar where you enter from two places: through the courtyard, for defcen- dre wines 5 & by the corridor to go take them by the bottle. PLATE XXIX. Ef E The cellars of the maifon. F The heated floor. G The upper floor. H Rise, & profile. 7 ''. '' .. "i ',: i 11! Ll'V-.1iiii: M, l. \ \ 1 * i ■ '' '! I' ■ '■.' '' I 'S-' '■■■■' ■ 'j' '■ iN ^' T '. '' r ^^^ - j-iK iVv'X? iS \ ij ^ ei ^ • «. At the end of this corridor there is a door to communicate the courtyard (. ^ &. at the stables & rcmifcs of bo- is R; next to this courtyard door make the aifànces or conveniences. From this corridor as well as from the dining room we communicate to bedrooms O, P. which have their chimneys in the corner bedrooms ; & from the room to sleep P we can still go to the courtyard by the glass door, fans in- break those in room O. Falling rainwater in the yard can flow in the street by a small channel in the pavement of the corridor j expected that the street is fixed inches lower than the courtyard. This courtyard was not spared that to be able to take the light there for the apartments; & to make a blanket to hold poultry 6cle bo- is covered. The fftcriber floor plan eftdi- ; ifé in 5 rooms, as large as jctitcs, but always proportion- actually traced from the main ; here above, with the communications on veflibule S at top of l'Efcalier, & a fireplace in each of the rooms, which cannot work out the location of the furniture for housing. We also note that the pipes or four chimneys from the ground floor de-chaufféc were unveiled & put away in the Epailleur of the walls mittoyens, 'so that the fupérituics chimneys (can be conveniently placed in each room, corners, mess in the middle as seen in Rooms T, V, a & in the sleeping rooms r U, X, Y. who both have their fbrties at the veftibule & laGallerieS. whereefl placed leftalier of the attic, which leads to the lantern that we can call Dungeon, then that we discover the whole city & the countryside. Observation. We notice by this dilution at françoifè, that there s no place lost as in the German one, & that the whole divillon en ell: much sharper, more convenient, cleaner fainter & less liable to the fire, waited for the master to see days which leaves him to his fire having made him look crazy; instead that by stoves or ranges neglectful domeftics laiflent burning wood out of the stove, & the tifons falling along the boards light them fans that the master or the master who make in the room does perceive there because their room being heated they connect to it shake until smoke & fire suffocate them. Donors, you have to have a big hay to arrange the places to warm up these stoves & we don't notice the fire from the outside j it’s why there fout find reductions that steal from the sight "of those who make the Master quick. Chimneys. And? Cores to guarantee them linco? Nmodhê de lafiimêe. The Chimneys must be of a proportional confluence. more or less large, felony places where they are placed. We must difh-ibuer them in three slaps, in large, in small, in averages. The large ones make for the kitchen, the Halls, the Salons, the Gal- leries, the Refectories &. religious boilers. The averages, for the Anti-chambers, the para- from, the bedrooms, & the large Cabinets. Small ones for ks Cabinçts, Içs wardrobes, smrefoîes es galera ?. 14 dSt "o ^^ Those of the ciiifincs are of different sizes. When do pofees against walls, we make 7 or 8 feet wide geur between their legs, & sometimes jiijqua of 10 feetj them must have always been crazy about the 5ft coat. 2 inch memo up only 6 feet, & 3 feet deep before starting their hood, which reiuit to 3 ft. fur a foot for the smoke palfaged. The height of the hoods of any fe chimney always reduces to the height half of the width; as strong as a chimney 6 feet between legs & 5 feet 2 in. crazy height I eat head, fa hood will be 3 feet half of 6, & my pipe will start cera by conféquent up to g pi. 2 inches, in order to rise a little in slope & that it is a little wider by the top than by there is about two inches. This conftruc ^ we give to the an ease to assemble. When a Fireplace builds & spreads smoke, it extend the foot by one foot with three sheets of sheet metal, iSclaillcr a gap between the three tabs & the sheet metal j this gap will stop the filmed & will force it to go up with that of the fire which only a flame but I am very strong to lead with her the one who is: Experience will make it known to all smoking chimneys, f These strong chimney stacks have no need for ornaments: it is best to make their legs quarter-round as long as they stop between two nets. The one outside will finish (bus the ledge, &. The in it will go around the two legs & the end of the coat of the fireplace. This coat is finished with a small cornice of 6 or 8 inches bankrupt, furquoy ellpofé the nailfauce of the chimney hood; the cy-après eft model for an 8 foot wide fireplace with my profile. To these strong chimneys which form against its dividing walls the rooms, we trim the backside, which we call countercccur, of a cast iron plate, more or less large felon the large deur des chimneys. We stick this plate in stones cut. These strong reluctance warms the rooms or bitches who are screwing behind them. It is important to never put there neither door nor window opposite chimneys but rather a very ailments. Fireplaces large cuifi- born, like those Abbeys, great lords, & Princes, fe conftruifent fur four pillars, or more, in order to see turn, act '^ P around the fire & y put quantity pots & necessary pots for the use of these maifons. Fire fe puts for the computer- naire as a large iron plate fade from 7 or 8 square feet & who care iron grid where we put the wood for the contain. We put the pots & pots on one side & the Brooches roast on the other. These fireplaces are usually fujettes à la fu- mée, since there is nothing to direct her to go up the pipe; c'efi: why we must hold the flowerbeds, which are supported by the pillars, the lower it is weak; that is to say, 5 feet & from- mid at most, & that the hood should be extended in sheet metal by one foot at least all-around ins of the hood; the pipes of these strong fireplaces are square, usually three feet, for the pa (- S 86 d ^ o ^ ' fagedclaruméc, Scclevc-s so that the niyau mess up a little wider ge by Je haut à fa naiflance, just as it cfl cy- before expli- than. When the extension of the hood with sheet metal does not guarantee not at all times smoke, although against experience, it is necessary pierce the vault of the cellar, place in it forty small lead bodies or tinplate, attach or embed them in the pillars to the four corners of the hood, & up to one foot higher than naiflan- this. This air which blows at the four corners prevents the smoke from fe rab- beat, & direct it to the center of the pipe, or lead the one that comes fire. These four tunes even facilitate fairy; but these poles do not ignore them clean; their pipes make same as those of chimneys; we split them equally others by tongues, * though there are some who are reimposed in the same chimney fans smoke. When the rooms are large, they have to place two po5- '' ^ O ^ 85 them, a scalper proportioned to Room 5c by fimetry. We place them a few times in the middle of a cross wall, ink two doors oppofoped to each other, as in the Great Hall à l'Italien- from Wittlich Castle, or in corners by fimetry as in the Audience Hall of the same Castle. Sometimes we only put a stove in a room, like in the day office dudir château, which is in the middle of a wall between two doors tremors. But in small rooms of little they are placed fouvent in angles so as not to in- to furnish the furniture, & to have the facility of heating more proud stoves by the same mouth & for the same chimney. The two small cy-front German shots explained demonstrate perfectly their location & their mouths for the heaters iron. All these stoves fire in detailed stone chalîîs which fit the mouth of the Pocle. These chalîîs are decorated with lures with Frame, finished with a small cornice which bought a ca- dre in plaster or stucco worked more or less felonious the dignity or quality of the people who must occupy these buildings. mens. We shape this mouth more or less large, to be able to light the stoves fans to inconvenience themselves, which fert mouth of the jamb to the pipe to paflate the fi stove. The female of these mouths is usually raised from floor level of one foot or i 5 inches, so that the stove do not touch fi near the floor of the rooms. We will not talk about the decoration of the fireplaces, which make usually plaster or stucco, decorated with enclosed frames in Casings, or with curved pillars, or with sides. These frames are lined with panels, ornamented or defigures, or filled with mirrors & paintings more or less richly worked, painted & golden. One finds of these models of crowning of che- mined at the imagifles & sellers of Eftampes. Workers can use it. After dealing with Doors, windows, fireplaces stoves I have given small models of how to 90 '' dSf o ^ distribute & pofcr each place-, I thought I should give a dcflein of Bigger & more confidable Building; where all parts (è findalFent gathered together, so that one could judge the proportion relative tion, & of the Simctria which It must obfervcr in the arrangement- mcnt of all these enclosable attachments, from where they acquire beauty law -which make proportionally arranged «Se reiinics each in the place that theirs is: clean; With all the more raifon, that the x-rules of Architecture are extended, that there always finds chofes more known to each other than to others. The dejfeinde this Building efi the General Plati of the Castle of Phiiipps- Frfud to / Fittlich, which jay projects by Order of S. Alt. Emin. Elechrak de Irèves-, ^ whose tltn has done me the honor of entrusting me with the Execution. General Difpojîtioji of the Châteim de Wiîtlich, l ^ des olfe. goes- on the place of Jon favorable eviplacement. IVittlicb is a small "Bailliagere City, ruined along the main road from Trier to Koblenz, 8 leagues from the City of Trier; where paffc la petite reviere de Lyfer, who arrofé le pais, & qui est very fertile in Ecrevifes, & enPoiflbns of the best Efpeces. This- te petite Rivière fert in the float of firewood for the provisioning of the country, which discharges the deflus of the Village of Lyfér in Mofelle. The Bailliage of 'Witdich is the most fertile TEle ^ torat the in good wines containing crazy addictions the best ribs of la Mofelle in Wehlen, Piesport, Keften, Wintrich, Urzig & .c. II is also fertile in grain and vegetable boas: wood is abundant & the game of all Efpeces is very common: besides the country is laughing, albeit a little lined with mountains. The stone of size is easy to pull, & one of the best qualities of the country; albeit reddish & fablonneufe in color, however firtance capable of refecting fire & burden j can be drawn from it blocks 8 to 9 feet square. In the upper & eastern part of this city was built old Electoral Castle with a Park of a conidiable extent: this Castle had been burned by the enemies of the Allemagae, &. whose 'd ^ ^ 9î it only contains old vertigo from very high, but ruined walls by fire, & by the amount of time since Your Fire. In the ruins it contains a cellar with an extent of 158 feet in length, & 51 feet and a half wide, all excluding works, & i 5 feet depth ; she was fucked up by crazy surrounding walls 7 to 8 feet thick. The vault of this cellar was for foutien fix good ashlar pillars, which divide it into 14 caps separated by arches-doublcaux of quail stone, pillar in pi- bind. Well quilted, well masonry, well-shaped beanies in other arches-of-cloister very well ôc very-solidly built, & whose foundations were in condition to receive the naiflance of a new castle. Its location being on a plain 31 feet higher as high as that of the City, &. having fes four faces directed to the east, at midy, at Couchant, & in the North, fans no declinaifon, eft of the most beautiful expofition that one can take out. The plan that I plan to build up these fblid cellars by Or- dre de S. Alt. Em. EIe £ torale, was approved by fa called Altcflc on 8 Sbre 1761, & she ordered me to fii the conrtruftion, so that the Castle was in condition to be inhabited on the first of August 1763. Finding myself obliged to obey a Prince, to the merit of which we do not can add nothing, I made my preparations to demolish the old ones vertigo, & I found myself in a position to be able to pofer the first stone on March 29, 1762. I bring back here the two engraved inscriptions on the plates of lead & copper, which have been pofccs & mifès in the niche of this first stone with Relics & medals of the time, & wines of the year. ^^ temtete S.ir lo foJc s'clovelc Bâtiment, & àfon à plomb do pofécs Bafcs de l'oidrc q ^ 'i make attiqucs; each pilalhc has protruding fur knot of the wall ix inches. The four Building Angles form circular planes “Flax quarter round fur h foele feulement, being squared to dclAll, priv iur deux, fac.s each by pillars rcfendi: s of 3 feet dôvclopemenr, who have neither Bafe nor Marquee, but who take * " naiffance flir le focle, ôc which rise until crazy the architrave, also having fixed inches of protrusion fiir the knot of the wall: these angles curved which borrows the two sides of the Building, are accompanying. born of pilasters of Roman order, 6 inches from diihincc; what bet very well the Angles, & approach the corner the Roman order; strong as the angular tremors do not become too material- riels, have the strength necessary to their solidity, then they have a third more than the width of the corner window. The rear -bodies retreat two feet from the front- body; but the pilasters of the front part of the middle of the Building, fè redrent of only ig inches, monk of the pilaftre, to caufè of a ar- 1st split body 9 inches front, &. who has fixed inches of Sa- illie fur the rear-body of the building. The junction of the fore-ends of the ends of the building with the ar- laughing-body, fe made by a split pilaster which has neither bafe, nor marquee, & whose plan describes a curved line in Sy- maife: this pilalTe- split at 6 inches from the projection fur each node of front and back walls. The elevation of this Roman order with its entablature is high 26 modules, having overcome it, waited for the benefit of this high so as not to be able to give more width to the pilasters already big faces; & to window width of 5 ½ feet * . The fore-bodies of the two faces of the midy, &, from the north, undermined by pediments, which surround the arms of Son Alt. Eiecc. Next it cft rcprcfènté tàia Facade of one end of the building "is lying. '^ 98 ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ 99 The imports & archivolts of the closed windows flew the ardre Roman, but the windows of the rear- body are curved eii ar- rière voufFures redeeming the qiiarré du Chaiïïs. Support from women beings that quarrccs make bombs in plan & orcillonnés in delfus wherele fundraising leave back form vouffiire by defibus in the middle support to buy the quarter round molding which is straight crazy support it. The front windows - Middle body make a balcony with ar- laughing lights, with 4 feet of bankruptcy width from one pilaihe to another, The keys of all the windows are sculpted as trophies with accompaniments that fall on the archivolts.- • ' L C? i ... - ^ - ij-.j L ^ Plm of Rcz-de-Chiinjjl '. inot p- ^ ^ "- lir = 'r = ^^ '£ t = J ^^ - M. ^ ïP-J | fcar-® = 4 [jr ^ At Veftibul entrance. B Grand Stairs. C Cuifme. \, D Veftibul. i - E. "F Chamber of the mr.itre ofBcicr. G tî. Uffizi. J. Salle des CavaIJicrs. LM Room of the butler. N O The Secretaria. P Velèibul. Q ^ A The silverware of the table. S Désaûfcmcnr. K Common of the Livery. The skylights on the iMitablcmcnt are made of dressed stone, having the the association with the one we have indicated above, inais les ocils dc-bocut "au 2, pan of the roof only fbnr in wood similarly having the proportions that we have cnfcignées. The distribution of the rooms on the ground floor of the Château fe fiùt affésre connoitre by the plan ci before marked j We will say fcule- In a few words, that in all the rooms on the ground floor, there V a dos Entrerols, except that there is none in the big vc- Entrance hall A. ri fur la Salli. with two stoves below J. All these Entrefols have only fixed feet and a half of crazy height; background, & are lit by the part of the window, which is door. It is noted by the distribution of this plan that there is a communication perfect cation from one Room to another, "Se with the clearances.cmcns necessary to transport by any fans to inconvenience the person; • He Under the grand staircase there is a display for the Officdsî Hall ^ & a defcente on the left for the cellar & to go to the rooms little batimcns fans dcfccndre in the back of the cellar. Under this same large Efcalier there is on the right a small Efca- link to go up to Entrefols, which does not occupy a place this, having always been crazy about this little Efcalier keeps him eating cat cooks "at. Sun> L Distribution of the Upper Floor. law 'we notice by the plaa of this Floor lo. laCrande Salle at Ita- lienne which has e. x windows, bottom with balconies, & fix others in the manfàrde which 'light the gallery & the ceiling, two stoves opposite & four doors, this hall decorated in Stucco with a gold- dre jonique with frame decorated with Cartouche, an architrave with gor- ge who fèrt of frife crazy about the gallery; This Gallery has fixed feet of lar- geur, elle eli ended by balulîres: Le deflus, ce même that the four walls are planed in Ituc with Cadre & Cham) i ^ nle to the windows which buy back the ornaments of the back panel, worked in a very -bo; taste" t ^ ■ li If Plan of the beautiful Floor. The audience hall is lit by three windows in the air- body, the supports of which are only 16. inches high, furnished with little bauons, There are two stoves in this room in the Angles; O in the middle is a door, at the opening of which we see a Chapel, where it is said to be wary of s. al. 10 * * ^ o ^ p 5000/5000 Zeichenbeschränkung: 5000 The 3 '. picccçft s company company. al. & on he gives fcs small Audiences •, this room c (Lit by three cinematic windows linked with balconies, & which open from the bottom to the bottom, the Im- there is only one stove or stove, & two doors of each listed, one for the bedroom, the other for the Communi- cation of the Valets de chambre, & of the little Efcalicr to scale flugarden. The 4c. Bedroom, and is the bedroom of S. Al. With four doors, one for the amenities, the other for the wardrobe, the troificme to communicate by the clearance at les valersde bedroom, & there are two arched windows in this bedroom with balconies. Room 5 ", cft that we name the places in the AngloifcLa 6" "is the Wardrobe & palLge 7. leads to bedrooms 8- & 9. of the Va- House lets that of offices, Bou- langeries, deTofficialiré, des Prifons & Logement de Suide tier, which were indeed built & completed in tems. This plan dijîribiiê h lafraj / çoife is here as it has been approved pure Tarchitejle de fa Majejiê Very Christian ' The entrance courtyard forms a horseshoe penetrated by a portion at Circle, where there is a fountain for Symmetry & Perfpe £ livc at the entrance to the Palace. This fountain is accompanied by two niches with Statues. 108 ^ o ^ ts * We go up to this Palace by an Efcalicr with three Ramps of fcpt height markets. At the top of this E (caHcr is a large ally fajlant the h.uueur of the foubalicment, & (ur which begins the order Romani who decorates the three fore-bodies, must be foriiie the whole height of the building. It is the same for the face in the garden, but it is necessary to except the front body of the medium, which forms a paitie dOctognc, whose three sides make Ssillic fur the ecalcal du jaidin. One leaves in this Palace by a large VelHbule, which gives no communication to a fair in the circular garden. "^ right ell the main staircase -, on the left & on the right do the Anticham. bres, Chambers, Cabinets, & Guards - Dresses. 11 taui obdrver that fur all hs pccices parts like small Cabinets <5c Wardrobes, there are En.re-bowls by dclfus with small Efcaliers to go up there, & which give communication to the Floor ; .- s ^ RI The £ (calicrqui having been planned for a great vize to date n * a not been executed, • there is one (ùbltitué another which I will give the hovered the cup; &, which similarly has fcs communications, but which fills more lacing than ccluy that we had projected. This Staircase leads only to the first Floor, at the top of which cfl: an orand landing, which communicates on both sides in the ap- partcmens: Û has at the bottom fcs four communications, besides a x d ^ o ^ > ii large landing, which communicates on two sides in the apartments, He also has four communications below, in addition to a reduced space (or fà first ramp whose entry is out of sight. PLm ^ U7i Bntimeiit more extensive. To give the idea of ​​a more confiderabic building than the previous ones teeth, I thought it was necessary to prefer the general plan here that I drew for the famous Abbey of St. Mathias near the City de Trêves, at the invitation of the late Mr. Modeihis Manheim who Abbot in 175 8- The elegance of His Architefture is proportionate to the devotion of the people, who in fulfillment of their vows come annually in public procession to reach the confines of the Holland, Cleves, Gueldres, Julliers, Ber- X 2 <^ II2fi ^ i ^^ o ^ lily gucs, & de rEIe (n: orat de Cologne 5 their number fills the City from Trier & around: they offer great candles in the E- glife of St. Mathias, & they arrange them around the High Altar: they honor in this 9t. Place not Only the Apostle St. Mathias whose the body was transferred there by S. Hélène Mère de Conltantin on Large, but aulïï the tombs of S. Euchaire, Valere, & Ma- dull, the first who preached the Gospel in Gaul. Of first of these Saints the monastery fe formerly named, Mo " vajîerimn SanBi Eucbarii. From there, entering the City of Trier, you can see the Porte de the City the figure of the Savior with St. Euchaire & St. Mathias Apô- be sapling, sculpted with the inscription of their names in old Ca- harsh. By this Plan which is explained, the punctuated lines represent the old irregular building; & the lines ea lines rcpriiement cc- Ini qui eft drc / Té in accordance with my General Plan. The Afpeft of this Building faces the Mozclle ​​River & at the Grand Chemin de Trêves in Metz, where he has Your tickets being North or east of Buildings. I will not go into the details of this large building which feroil too long ; I'll just mark the plan of the main staircase " cipal with its elevation as being in the VeftibuledcSon tréc 5 enfembk the intersection of its cloister. We notice that this vcftibule is oval, & that the ceiling of of this Efcalier in eft Soutenià by 8- Doric columns. ^ 114 "^ S- ^ ■ jr ^^ a ^ - '"" ... '• « // "•. - • ^> -; vî ^^ .. vv.-. •. \ - Av *> ••: = V "• •..." •. ■ y From this Vcltibulc we communicate by five NecclXary Places to His individual plan. '^^ ^ * Ilf / ^ OP ^ - '^^ âsatfKa * r- ^ J I ^^ t; ^ '^ "' The Cloister is decorated with a Doric order, including pilasters are 3 feet 9 inches wide. The Entre- pilaftre is eight mo- dules, or 15 feet which makes 3 Trigllphs between each pilaster. The gantries are 12 feet wide, the annets one foot 6. It there are two windows over each portico which are 4 feet width each, & 8 feet 5 inches 9 lines in height. The cloister's vaults are 18 feet high; so the Floors on the ground floor are 19 feet and a half, & the bedrooms bres des Religieux are only 12 feet tall for the ceiling. We have said all about this book, who hears crazy the name of the Building, less a building intended for habitation, than a large de Place which announced by fes out an Order that the capi- tale, in him furnishes Jiijfant of outlets îf ijjucs to lead me directly from the Place as from a center to the ends of the city. I will not forget to recall here this project of a Place Royale, that I have the honor of preferring to His Excellency Maréchal Duc de Belleisle in 1752. to be built in the Center of the City of Metz & whose idea he approved. <= ^ II6 ^^ ■ "^^ -It ^ Map of Place Royal do Metz pre / cntc a S. Exellance Mr. le Maréchal Duke of Bcllcislc the 2nd. February 17) 2. A. Cathedral F, the chanting district of Cathedral L. La Ravierredemozelle li.l'iiûtclde \ ille G.lafigure EquellredcdeLoVfù »M.Lintendance N. La Comédie C. Icaillailliage H. the body guard of the place O. Sf. \ 'I laccmcns; which conf- truciioH will do fur ls Pians who will make drclfés & arrested au Confeil de Sa Majcflé; it would therefore be necessary for the Confcil to order that the forum to which the Delinquents will be condemned, for damages by them committed, the rcflitutions awarded to the Owners of the fund, already ofécs in the hands of a Receiver nominated by VtVtrc Exceilcnce, for erre employees fur your orders, as said eff, to the conffrudion of these buildings, fleeing the price of arljudicarion which fcroit made by such parlonne that it would please His Majclte to commit. ; By this means the King finds a discharge from a reconfiguration. that the building of these buildings, for the administration of the youth, makes next Se indjrpenfable. The damage done to the Domaine de VEvcché by the cutting down of these woods, '' feroic repaired there was used damages to the conf- trudion of the Palais Epifcopat & with the purchase of maifons for its location cement} this depenfe that Mr. de S. Simon would have to do could be regarded as an extraordinary burden; puque on the one hand, it is obliged, in accordance with the arrangements it has made with the heirs of M. de Cuiflin fon predéccireur, to repair all the items depending on Your Bishopric, & to put them in good condition, & in particular to rebuild the Palais Epifcopal. This wrong being thus repaired, the fucceflcurs of Mr. de S. Simon there will find the act emcnt to ink in a new Epifcopal Palace, where they love nothing - to add; in a word> the whole country fe rellentiradc the relief that will have to be done for these new ccnftruclions, & we will will spread at least a part of the money the woods have produced audit Lord Bishop, & other Beneficiaries & Communities who have delinquent & who delinquency daily; because finally Mef- the Delinquans can't promise to always be discharged dehts by them committed; they should be perfused that The continuation of such a discharge would do infinite harm to the King, at the Domaine des Bénéficiers & c throughout the Province; that such example unpunished kioit capable of bringing to new entrcprilcs even more daring which ruined the state. It is true that the Ordinance imposes sentences against Delinquans & C against the Owners, failure by them to ensure the confervarion of their woods; but these sentences are moderate to such point that we find the profit return there again; the damage applied to hospitals, Se factories, fuccefleurs, don't pay; which causes recurrences & ruins Forests ôc that of the State, because it does not find any interest {ur places during the convictions> what should bother His Majcfté to make it an application that will perceive, which, through perception of non-moderate damages, will prevent recurrences i & there the Forests will no longer perish & ù fc rctabiironr. It is therefore a chofe which p.irt'it demonstrated to me, that it is easy to find shears on the main buildings that must decorate the new Place Royale; Se le Souverain (e autniic to do rap ['lication of damages, interests, rcllitutioni & c c.); ihfcations, Failure by the Owners to lift it &: the collection. Besides, the owners who declare themselves, they can to apply the damages by them cjulcs; & we couldn't do better cn-.ploycr only to public buildings which will make the ornament of a large City. Neither the King nor Your Confide can interfere with the application of the said damage, for the conflrudion of a Place Royale with the Buildings; because the application of funds &: their collection both tend to state property. And the chofcs being thus driven by your hay, Monseigneur, this Place Royale will make the most beautiful & the best placed of all those found in the cities of the Kingdom; because independently of the Cathedral which forms a fu- perbe, in the middle of one of the faces of this Place, & still inde- pending from the Palace for the Parliament, the Bailliage Prélldial, the Town Hall & the Epifcopal Palace, which will face it & it will entry fur iceli'e, the need to haggle the pavement, would oblige all individuals who would have maifons fur said Place, to build nine the faces of these maifons which both belong to Chapters of the Cathedral & of S. Savior; they work for forced to build on the same alignment & at the same height, all in accordance with the Plans you would make it reflect. I wish, Monseigneur, that the Project that i'r> i the honor of introduce yourself, may deserve your attention inclined to make it resuscitate, Sc that I puilfc by it deserve the honor from Votie Protection. % o ^ 1X5 Before entering into the way of founding Buildings, it is necessary to before knowing the pefaïucur of the materials which enter the compofuioii fa fa ftruition, mire of other supplies necessary for the human life of the Workers. Pef author of a Cubic Foot of Materials above. bed. Gold pefe, cubic foot, 1368. Quicksilver, 977? Lead, 828. Money, 744 • Red Copper, 648, Le Fer, 580. L'Erain,. 57 '”• Yellow Copper or Brass, 548. The Marble, 252. The Ardoife of Trier, • 180, Fresh stone from "Wittlich, country of Trier,. 176. The Pierre de Liais, 166. La Pierre Grife de Trêves, 160. The common stone, 140. L'Ardoife fine, 156, Clay or Glaife Earth, i35 " Earth Graffe of Potter, ns * Ordinary Earth, 95 I Oil,. , 66. The River Sand, 13 ^ " Freshwater, 71 • The Strong Sand, 124. Sea water, 73 I Earth Sand, 120. Le Minot de Bled, 55 • The brick , • . 130. Wine, 70 • La Thuile, 177. Quick Lime, 59 • Blue ivy from Tours, ......-- ^ .. 12 $ " Z iij 130% o # ' The Stone of S. Leu, 115. La Cire, 69, Honey, 104 | Le Bois d'ofier, 38. Salt, . . . .- 110 I The Bois de Chêne fec,. 60 * Plaster, 86. The Green Oak Wood, 80. J ^ e Morfier, 120. Le Bois d'Aulne, 37 1 TABLE of Weight Equality Report of the main Places of Europe, at that of Paris 100 pounds, weight of marc de Paris, equal 100. . Amfterdam, Befançon, Boutdeaux & StxalboLug. I from Antwerp. . of Alicatite. I. Alcotes ... , .d'Archingel, d'Avignon, de Breflaw & de Ko- . . nigfberg. . . from Auiiourg, from Bremen. . of Ancona. . .of. Bergues. . .of. Bern. . dcCatti, from Batavia. . . of. Ball, by Francforr, from Nuremberg. . .of. Bergamo, from Naples. , .de. Boulogne. . .of. Bourg-en-Brefle ,. from Cologne. . .de.Bciiges, de Cadiz, de Scville, de Trêves, de . .Coblentz & preferably all of Germany. . .from Copenhagen ,. of. ijtetin. . .dcConûantinopLe. . at the bone at. 108 at zz .. at. I »5 • at: 103 at. 149 at. 95 at. 111 at. 83 at' 98 at. 169 at. 251 at. 104 at. 106 • at. 101 at. 88r %; o4 ^ ijr iw. at 112. de Courtray, de Gand, d'Oudenarde. to 113. of Dantzick, of Tournai. to 114. from Diksmuide, from Lifboune, from Lille, from Portugal & Ypres. to 105. d'Efpagne, Gueldres, Leipfick, Liège, Lubeck, Mons & Midelbourg. to 152. from Florence, to 89. from Geneva, to 150. from Genoa, to 102. from Hamburg, to 116. from Lyon. at 99, from La Rochelle. to 109. of London, small weights. ^^ to 97. of London, great weights. at 145. of Livorno. to 123. from Marleille. to 168. from Milan, at 175. of Mantua. to 164. from Mefllne. at 151. of Modena, of Raconi, of Turin. at 120, from Montpellier. to 96. of the Viscount of Rouen. - 'X ^ to 122. from Riga, at 151. from Raconi, from Turin, to 117. from Stockholm, to 26 1 Rotes de Seyde. to 62. Sicilian Rotes. at 80, from Siam. to 158. from Saragoffe & from Valence, to 118. from Touloufe. at 161. from Tortofe. at 166. from Venife. All the quantities that make up this Table, (have equal • entre'ellcs, puifque each in particular is equal to the same amount ; which is 100 liv. weight of marc de Paris. Using this Table, we can calculate the quantities for each car, & for some other chore necessary to the conftmc- tion or to human life. Foundations of Buildings & Maifons. Land excavation for Foundations & their transportations an obicc sews néniblc in the Bàtimeiis-, it f.uic therefore give the actcn- tion needed to regulate the price, both according to their quality and congratulate the diftancc where they must be worn. The lands are common, or picrreufes, or rocaillcufcs •, & what do these three qualities that make the difference in price. We experienced that four men can creufcr in ordinary ground, as of a garden or fable, or a meadow, two toifes \ of cubic earth, & will lead them ten roifes in length; which makes ^ 8d wheelbarrows, expected that the toifc cube of earth fc can lead to 150 wheelbarrows when it don't go up. But when the earth is full of stones, it's worth twice beyond previous-, û it is rocky, you need pliers, picks o powder, & this can only be estimated with regard to the difficulty. To have foundations you always have to dig up the right bottom, either in fec clay or in wet clay, & well level or by redant. In marshy terraces or glaife earth it is necessary pilot even with grids, although it is necessary to avoid over-venting the sticky earths. Tuff is the best of all kinds. You should not found fur stirred earths; the fable which has not been stirred, can destroy the foundation, which must always be made with allignemenc, in order to abut it against the land; & the mncll> ns must be well pofé of their dish in good mortar baths, all at the corners where we don't care to put the best libages, so that there are descmpattcmcns at least j inches on each side; the affifes will always level up the costs around the building. OF , \ V. DELA CUT ROCKS, OR STEREOTOMY. 'f ^. ^' ^ '^ Part of the Stereotomy, in the conftrudion, cft ^ ■ 5b 4> to? Fe the most difficult Art; c'cfl: why we call it ^; î; L ^ 3 Secret of the Architeâure. All the principles of this ^: ^ 4-4- fi ^ fcience are founded on Geometry> which infringes on s ^ '^ \ „: ^ - ^ t to twist the Epure before putting it into practice, (nonobibnt Mr. Cartaux’s criticism, who will always rejects. ) Necessary to shut up a good Architect, so that it does not project anything that is not punishable by execution, & that it make these works beautiful, light & also pleasant than bold. The Stereotomy of the Most Favorable M. Frezier is all that is better & more necessary in this part (the diic of the operation. I will confine myself to explaining the names, the terms of this Arc with the difïerence of the Vaults & the Parts of Line, in order to give emulation to those who want to increase some parts. You can learn about this Science of Milking practice, cutting faiths to make parts for the assembly of this that we plan to defeat. The stone of S. Leu & Champagne, even the spoiled piece & the grainy earth can fervor this pra- tick. We will observe that this Science only depends on the line horizontal & plumb line; by what we can trace all strong with stones, either by panels, or by squares or by derobemeus. ÎJO P ^ o ^ The Vaults take their names only from Geometric figures which they make up against their plans &: their elevation. The vaults fedifting the Plafjnds by their curvatures, while that the Ceilings are straight, horizontal &: in flowerbeds. The simplest vault cited in full-ceintre; & to make them Lighter vaults & unload the puff, we practice glasses of all figures. ^ In the cutting of stones one ff fert of piuieurs tools or inftru- mens to trace them, as well as to trace their Voûcc ". & their vouflbirs, like the rule, Icqucrre, la fauflc-Écrcrre, le mveau, sinkers, faults, cattle, ladders & others, such as the compass, the mallet &: the eyelashes of all types. La Voûte qui efl: in full painter, eft, fleeing that we we said, the simplest; click is formed by a half circumference fERENCE ABOVE YOUR COUFLI- net or imported, & who a fiery painter fervent of pro- radius dudion to every joints of the stones which form Fon painter. painter. Furbal arc / Tc. Za Fiirbatjfée vault cfl the one with three or five ccintres, as we have- see defined in Plate II. of this Book. All the vaults furbaifièes have more pouffe than those in full ceinite. % 0f ^ i5 " Zes Ara rampans font described many centers, & have their imports or coullinets of unequal height over their right feet. Zes Arcs ùUis des cfpeces of cow horns produced by the obliquity of a face with regard to the dircdion a Vault or fon jam- bage, which forms a bias sometimes with respect to a paflàge that must be larded. Ze Bias pajje eft double the horn of cow, being biased through front & behind- re, & whose joints of bed don't make pns parallel to the sides slap, like in the vt read ordi- nails but whose direction tends to diviiîons uneven vouflbirs, in inverted position from front to back, <] which means at the entrance & the fortress; strong as the bed seals at the dcëlc should not be right. ÏJI % o 4r Z * rLte-B.wâc, straight or curved, c'cfl:, for fear of cutting stones, a straight vault: flat, level, curved or creeping lintel & term fcrt click on a door, window or to any other bay, such as the arciiitrave fur les cntrccolonnemens, the stones which make them parts are called clivals, & l not voHJfotrs y as at the other Vaults: the length of the Flower bed between fcs feet -rights is called scope. C'cfl: the kind of Vault that has more depopulated. The Flowerbed of the Efcalier of the Epifcopal Palace of Toul efl right, although on a wave plane. That of the Efcalier of the Château de Wittiich cft also straight & inverted, same wavy in the first Flower bed. The Plate of the Efcalier of the noble Abbey of Sprin- guicrlbach is fucked by parts of vaults supported fur les walls fervent to him of creeping couillnct; & the Ef- Flowerbed calier of the great Abbey of S. Mathias de Trêves is ruined by eight Doric columns; she lashes between her columns, èc fcrc of curved architecture that leaks from one of the columns. % <> ^ Ï3Î Zes j4rriercs-youjJures make small vaults whose name expresses pofition, because they only put behind the opening of a bsyc of door or windows, in repaiflcur of the wall inside the rebate of the table of right feet; Your use is to form a closing in flower bed or, in full belt, or curved foliage. Those who make a flower bed lintel rebate & eu semicircle from behind, fe name rear - Voujfures of S. Antoine, like that employee at S.Vincent de Metz. Those who do it right rebate painter ii in flower bed from behind ^ on names them Back -YouJU ' res of Montpellier, as those of Wittlich's Chaccau which make 348 windows. But if they were shriveled bulging from behind, 01 the call ArrianS ' Voiijfuns de Marfeille, Aa '54 Vaults, La Voiitc en y4rc- de-Cîottre cft com- pIcc of pIulicLirs portions of ber- hides, which fe- counter at angles rcf) trans in their concavities, & do not their torme sides don't the outline of the Poly- vault gone. The vaults of Ogives or CûfhiijueSy or Tur ^ points, make those built in ancient Eglifes. These Arches are loaded with O- gives by croHillons which connect it to each other other. % o ^ ' ns 'Les Tontes dA ^ rrete oppofeesaux Voû- your in Arc-de-CIoîcre, in what they form stops in co-workers of years returning gles. Trumpets, There are trompes de pîui- proud efpeces (but it is ordinar- rcracnt a vault of the figure of a half of cone which fc pre- slot by fa bafe or efpece en- barrel,) round dfs along the faces straight or fundamental Trumpets the; this is from this figure which is cylindrical, where the deflous cft in scallop shell, less- that half a circumference in the projection of {bankrupt, but whose fa keyboards must be a little higher that fa bankrupt for fa foliditc. ^ a \} M ^ % 04 ^ The Trumpet place supported fur two straight-faced walls, mant an inside angle, & C that we call the Trompa in f angle, cft made by a see inclined to the horifon, & which is supported by both adjoining walls, as we see here. La Trompe fur le coin cft the one that is at a fail angle lant, where we are sometimes forced to cut the angle, liver straight or in portions of circle to favor the paf- fagc, & whose cone portion fuck the angle by means of fcs clnvcaux supported fur un trumpet of a stone fire, making the naive of the Trom- pe If who is at the fommct of the part of the cone returned, as he sees it here. % o> ir ^ 17 We still call TrompHlons the little Trompes that we make Every quarciers spinning efcalicrs to begin the weight of silts in the air. These horns pressed against the walls of the cage. The circular vaults to finish shovels, fouvent per- created with glasses, tears or abajours, to light [ceilings coupolks, like the shows the attached figure. These glasses form it in bias, or ebrafécs par de- outside or inside or inside abaiour, comniel'ouvragc requires it. Ï38 % o ^ Vis-à-jour furpendiies for Efcalicrs, (c form fouvcnt in a round cngc, or in a thinking or quirky cage; But sometimes these stringers & ceilings are ruined by parts of Here you lean against the walls of the cage; & other times when they are made smaller by steps carrying their stringers, two of which steps make piifcs in a stone fire. If the vuidc has more than one foot, you have to put an iron ramp on it to guarantee fear & prevent fc from rushing from top to bottom; for then the dellus of the silt is four, instead of a pudding. i3 - 'S ^ i ^^^ & ^^! :: ^: ^ - X ^' • ■■ ^ - ^ 7 ^^; ^ MM J % o ^ '39 Za Vis S. Gilles formed in a cradle, round detour, vaulted & creeping, on a circled plane, or on a clip, or such figure of plan that one will want, with a defccnte of cellar by dcfl'ous, where all the steps (ruined by a railing vault &: rotating. 140 Niches. Niches make rufccptiblcs of prciportion, they must have a ratio of the width with the height, so that the ft ^ tucs or the urns that are placed there, produced the cctct that we take advantage of. Their doorframe ornaments, archi- volts, imported, must hold the taste of the building. It's at Ar- chitcdc to conduct this part of decoration; their proportion cft to have 2 times & i or 2 times 5. or 2 times î. their width: because they must be more or less high your: when they do more or less high, they should form a semicircle in their concavity, & that the piedelhl of the figure does not the cxhauflc no more than at the height of the import dcflus where should fllligner the eye of the figure. Lorfc] we put Niches in games of split buildings, the fc splits must end against the Niche doorframe which will be united, like this figure. We are obliged to laifTcr in the conftrudion, Bof- fagcs for archery & sculpture, both for door frames and architraves, saddles, archivolts & cornices; because the moldings being cut along the pile make them much cleaner: we even recognize by the ancient buildings, and in particular by the Church of S. Simeon of Trier, that the oldest Architects of the practice do so. This Eglife of S. Simeon mostly creates a Monument to the Anti- of the most conlidcrable, which seems to have been conrti ued by the Trcvirois long before the arrival of Jules Céfar in Gaul; the The ancients named it Porte Noue; click would appear older than Vitruvian o> ^ o ^^ 141 rt - "i'r" r * r'TrT> H .1 ^ B b 142 C / ^ O -J? 5 ^ J Vitruvc who lived forty years before Jcfus-Chrirt. This building, today BaHliquc, is of the proportion pfeudod ptcre, as the Temple of Diana in the city of Mjgnéiie en l.i Natolie, which have 8 columns at the fronts 1 5 opposite, Iz length being double from (to the feeder. I am confirmed in my opinion, by oc that in ecric Monfigneur dcHontcim, Evcque fuifragant de Trcvt--, in Ion rrodromus Htportd Trevirenfis, tom. i. pages 14. 15. & 16. or there give this fupcrbe Monument in plan & in elevation, & believe that this Bafilique fervoit d'Allcmbléc pour les Nobles & Notables des old Trévirois, Trevirorum Itberorum opus, non Romenortim. We have said that it is of the pfeudodipteral proportion & with two fore-bodies at each end &: at each face; the before bodies that face South-Oucit (have quarrés, & the fore-bodies which face North Eft are in half circumference, which form the cage of clcalicrs. This building is decorated outside with four orders of columns one after the other, engaged in the wall of a quarter of the the column. The Doric order forms the attic of the ground floor where in my middle there is padding by two gantries on each side, separated by a color, fans no windows, which made it strong obfcure ground floor; this order has height from the focal point, including the entablature, 2.0 feet &: half. His entablature is 6 feet & a half tall; so he does not reftc for the bafe, the column & the marquee, only 14 feet. The Ionic order which efl: pofe fur le Dorique, efl: likewise fur un small focal, &: has height from this focal, including fon entable- ment, 16 feet 3 inches, basically only 4 feet & a half. The Corinthian order which seems to be fur Ioniqne, cft similarly Affis for such a focal length of 2. feet &: half, & has been high since this focal, including fundamentally, iS feet; the entablature has no height as 4 feet 8 inches. 9 ^ O oj ^ j ^^ The qni Forebodies form tapered & round towers, Tonc decorated with a fourth order, which I think is compact, I mean çonnc that Pytliagore uncovered five cens before Jefus- Chrift; having height above par Your foclc 19 feet 4 inches, fundamentally 5 feet high. In defTus of the two orders Corinthians & compost are promenoirs, so that it appears by the supports from which it still exifits dizziness, what Vitruvian calls hypotensive, or expelled in the air or rain, like the Temples of the ancient Scythians and of the Greeks. The bottom of the piers of the Mozelle Bridge in Trier seems to me contem- porain of this Bnfilique. This Bridge was built before Jules Cefar; & the conftrudion stones, albeit from diferent quarries, are similarly. As I did not find any Architeite which gave the defcription of this Bafilique, being on the place I examined it up close, I figured out the proportions, having nothing finished in it, nor even of cut in all the outline of the Building, iiaon the joints which are extremely small & shod against each other, & by regulated edges (on the whole outline of the Building. In the arrangement orders there is no piedeftal, it is: proof of anti-ion fairness; because for the time being the ancient Architects do not admit it. H there is only. appearances for the bafc, the column, the marquee, the architrave, fnfes &: cornices, & a foclc of z feet and a half of height as what for each order .. Between each Ionic, Corinthian & z-shaped column. 3 *. Se 4 '. orders, there are windows whose supports are 3 feet high & a half in height; these tenements are only j feet wide half, & 5 feet neut inches tall surrounded by the haur * There are two large screw efcalicrs in the nucleus, which communicate from the b.is luiqu 'on all floors, even on the building in ks round & square towers & beyond. B bij 144 "^ - ^ The Bottom Map faic see the entrances & Your pagTagcs, & laïolidité de fcs'murs, constructed with stones from 6 to yô S puds in length} & height between their Lts lo at 24 inches. 4 ^ Pieas. 24- 12 6 By the Pl.ins of the fupéricurs Floors which I recceent, one can there see their dnTienfi'Uis, the bear pifligcs, their ", proportions & their dcga- gcmcns, nude means of rtchclle pofée fur each Plan> & on there remjn] do not at the same toms as d.ms the laiilans angles fur the columns angular ra'chiirave pole rate beyond the lead of the roundness of the colomnc; & c even the entire pofe srchirravc false in the "; corner angles on the city side, having neither column r, i piLluc in the returning angia for ftutcnirles architraves (y ^ O -J ^ 14 < proof that the Architects of Antiquity have faults that the modern Archicecies little fa vans onc fuivies. The facade on the side of the city, which faces the south-west, is worth seeing fon a / ped & fa déc ^ -ration. which should be better maintained for the ornament of a city aulli as old as that of Trier. It is probable that this Building was placed in the middle of the City; but as before the arrival of the Romans in Gaul, there was no not yet a closed city & surrounded by walls, these, in fubju- guani the Tréviriens, made a regulated City of their Capital, & I make fervent of this beautiful building to make it one of the main doors where they led the enclosure of the walls; what this maflè was very pro, with the two Voiites made in guile of doors, when the whole building was erected. = pÊi ^ = ^ t) ^ 4 (^ O '^ H7 The length cut of this building shows the arranc- lies from within, & the corrcf- pondering that there is a cham- bre high to the inner one by the hole that flows: through the arch for communication & r publication of deciûons. Archbishop Proppo has it I converted into an Eglilc, & there are founded the Collegiate Church of S. Si- meon, which the whole building carries today the name. c ^ o V ^ îfo Corniche PROFILE of the order Roman, in black lines. PROFILE of Fantastic Cornice Gothic, in weighted lines. L 5 %; 0 ^ f "H9 The Doxak de rEglifc from the Abbey of S. Maximin de Trêves is a strong vault, strong, leaning against two large pillars of the Eglife, & which is discharged behind by two hoops forming glasses in the primitive vault & which fouticnn the pouffe: fcs arches are leaning rant against the big pillars than against the old little Do- xale which is of Roman order, &: that I have enlarged & raised higher by dressing the large pillars with pilasters of the same Roman order, completed by the capitals, architraves, frifes & cor- niches of the order fufJit, fleeing the fentiment of Mr. Letlerc Archi- tect, Roman Knight (a). (a) The Oef of the Cabinet of Princes of TEiirope, printed in Luxembourg for the month of February 1765, made the praise of certain Tribune or Doxale; But a man of a bad g ùr, in the absence of Abbé 6c de l'Archiœâe, & against their will, a ca (7ë all the modilions & moldings of the cornice, which caraderate the order, to yùibftitucr a cornice of fantasy & goihique; lest they attribute this ugly work to me, I had the Corniche engraved in profile that favois has executed, & which is here represented online in this, fur Icqufl profil est ponâué the one that was made up there, so that the Connoif- We can therefore judge of this difference, and convict (on the irregular) of this change; we notice that, to execute this ugly profile, we have pushed the ftifc & the nine-line architrave out of the lead of the pilaster; strong that the architrave is no longer weighed down by the pilaster, nor the bankruptcy of the archivolt. This MO % O0 ' ** 1 "i .. ^ nitd u "* h'om '• "". •• "■" liliIf it ! ^ il®l Ml The Doxale dclabcIleEgli- fedeS. Vincent of the city of Metz, eftau (ïï a Ban- of foutenue by fix cornes cow, which take naive- childhood against the pillars o.doC- These on the wall of face of the Egli- (c t 6c which does do (scattered only by two back- res fit of lusts, whose all don't care te -bande; this Doxalc cft a room at (fi har- die frightened ante. %; o4 ^ In the Cul de cul Oven or Spherical, all your the rulers reign there level, & the joints make in section as in ordinary vcûces; it's efb most popular line do more & who has very good tone utility in any strong of works, as well that we notice it by the figure cy beside. A Round Tower Door to all Your lead seals & level, &: fa cou- verture in section as in the va- your ordinary, as noted by the figure cy beside. Ccij "5 * % o4f Les Portes fur le eotn ou les Corner doors, fe conftrui- jrj-- ^ (i / / <1> '% ^^ "^ the same with jnims from ïi ^ ^, 4> ifc; ç ^ i ^ 'il * level & plumb; & their cost curved, ceiintéc, or ea cross-section, as shown before said. And others who wore the angle in the air by means of a mistaken who fembic loath to solidity, as Jl paroïc par the figures cy to side: it is necessary cc- penJai.t oblcrver t ^ ue ces forts of doors never make a good indeed, SZ that we do not say the practices quer que dans le bcfoin & pour des nécédités abfolumcnt inlif- penfables, Icfqucllcs make more cuneufes to caufc of the line; that clean to the decoration of the Bâiimcus. I ;. % o ^ Miss / Sf - ^^ 1.;. I La Voùtç J / f NoyM y cft celie tji ^ i ^ tour- . nc. around a round lolidc, like a pi- bind; these strong no vaults do the most louvcnt que half or pastries of circle in their plan, to favor pafiagcs in fordres, all joints beyond the Voûcc (have plonib & level; but to form the Voûtc> it is necessary that all the joints be in section, as in the Cul-de-Four vaults firing at the center of the Core. Bridges. All that the Sovereigns have imagined best to facilitate it of Commerce, the good of their Subjects & to make their country flo- rilîant, c'cft the quantity of Bridges that they made conll; raire, in imitation of the Romans, (for all the large &: small rivers which bathe the valleys & plains of their states. The Françoife Nation since 3 G years has furpailè all the other natioas in this part of conf- trudion; & prefer Ponis & Chau (lé (.s de France are worn to a high degree of pertection, which it is not pollutable to add to their solidity. Begins detail we mcncioit too li) in, gives us let's roar the idea of ​​a culvert as we prefer to make it France, fans enibarrafl'cr us of these great buildings of Ponts, including one, made by Trajan fur the Daniibc, to have io arches of 1 50 feet, & 160 in their openings. This bridge of 600 toifes in fa length, it is the most beautiful &: the largest in the Universe: it was bic to fight the Arabs. Emperor Adrien had it shot down. Bridges fc do it in different ways. The most beautiful & most fc fc made in whole stone, others in stone of size &: m.içonneric; others of whole masonry; others finally of cut stones & masonry in their piers & abutments, - covered with chatpenic, or whole churpcniecn. % oir »I * î There are still other particular Bridges, like Bridges - floats ” Ponts-volans, Ponts-Uvis, Ponts-k-bAjcules, Ponts-à-couIilVcs & Bridges- tournans. The Bacs & Pontons are still doing Ponts Pouc elpeces the setting of waters. All the Bridges have two abutments to make them go up in class. The Bridges have had or several openings for the payment of waters, called arches j where in the culverts, arches, the piles fervent support to support the arches. These stacks are advanced & backpeaks. The forefronts divide the waters, oh the arnere- beaks widen them to prevent bubbling. The Bridges fe must always pofer quarrémenr during the river, never at an angle-, & you have to raise the lower surface of the mid-arch always 3 feet above the largest water, & proportioned arches. The Bridges are facing the paths; but the water is too much stiff, it must be made dormant by dikes, which are formed iStf '^ o ^ aii-dcfTops cîu Pont at some distance, to make the cnu less fast. This (practical for the strength of the Bridges, & to prevent quclcsgrandescaiixiie search the batteries and do not rcnvcrfcnrle Po.it. All the Authors who have dealt with the width of the arches, & of Ic- paill'eur des abées ôc piles, agree that an arch of ^ o piejis must have abutments i 6 feet, & for batteries the fifth of the arch which make 1 2, feet. We made the table (next on this foot, & a 60-foot arch must have a stone base lasts four feet in height. If the peak cfl: tender, it must have 5 feet & 10 lines. TA B L E of all the Proportions of the Main Parts of the Cr Bridges Pleceaux d Plein Ceintre ^ from 'a Pole with a foot oiiii'crture y up to an Arch of 10 toifes or 60 feet of their different Culates, f of their Piles & Voufj'oirs. \ -?; - Open- ture .les Cule'es. Archer. Pieds Pied'!, pouc. 1 I.... 2.... 6.... 6. 2.... 2 9.... 0. 3 ... . 2. ...II.... 6; 4.... 3.... 2....;0. 5.... 3.,:.-4.....âr. 6.... 3..-.. 7... 0. 7.... 3.... 9---- 6. 8.... 4.... 0.... ?:»•• 4.... 2.... 6. 19., »• 4.... *).... 0. II.... 4.... 6.... 9. 11.... 4.... 8.... 6. 13.... 4... 9-... 9- 14.... 5.... 0.... 0. 15.... 5.... 1.... 9. 16.... 5.... 3.... 9. ou fToirs de Pierres dures. Pitds 3 pouces . O 1 I 2 2 3 3 4 4 S 5 6 6 7 7 6. o 6. O. 6. O 6. o. 6. O. 6. O. 6. o. 6. 8.... O. Vouffoirs de Pitrres tendres. Pifd';, pouces. 1. 1.... 6.... 0. I.... 7 1.... 8 I.... 9 I....IO ... 4. ... 6. ... 8. 2.... ... 0. 2.... ... 8. 2.... I ... 6. 2... 2 ... 3. 2.... 3 ... 0. 2.... 4 2.... 4 2.... 5 ... 0. ... 6. ... 0. 2.... 6 ... 0. 2.... 6 ... 9. 2.... 7 ... 0. 17 c^ o ^ 157 Ouver- ture des Arches. Culées. Piles. Vouffbirs de Pierres dures. Vouflbirs de Pierres tendres. 17.... 5-- .. <,... . 3- .. 8.. .. 9. . 8.. .. 6. 2 18.... 5-- .. 6... . 0. -1 3 ■ • .. 9.. .. 0. . 9.. .. 0. 7 19.... 5-. .. 7... • 9- 3-- ..10.. .. 3. . 9.. .. 6. 2.... 20.... 5.. ..10... . 0. 4.. .. 0.. .. 0. .10.. .. 0. 2.... 21.... 6.. .. 0... .11. 4.. 2. .. 5- .10.. .. 6. 2.. .. 22.... 6.. .. 4... . 0. 4-- .. 5-- .. 0. .11.. .. 0. 2 23.... 6.. .. 6... . 6. 4-- .. 7-. .. 0. .11., .. 6. 2.... 24.... 6.. .. 9... -T 4-- .. 9.. .. 7. 2... . 0.. .. 0. -> 25.... 7.. .. 0... . 6. .. 0.. .. 0. 2... . 0.. .. 6. 2.... 26.... 7-- .. 3... • 5- .. 2.. .. 5. 2... . !.. .. 0. 2 27.... 7- .. 6... . 6. .. 5-- .. 0. 2... . !.. .. 6. 2.... 28.... 7" .. 9... . 0. .. 7.. .. 0. 2... . 2.. .. 0. 2.... 29.... 7-. ..II... • 7- .. 8.. .. 7. 2... *> .. 6. 2.... 30.... 8.. .. 3--- . 0. 6.. .. 0.. .. 0. 2... • 3.. .. 0. 31.... 8.. .. 5... .11. 6.. .. 2.. .. 5. 2... . 3.. .. 6. 32.... 8.. .. 9-.. . 0. 6.. .. 5-- .. 0. 2.., . 4.. .. 0. 33-... 8.. ..II... , 0. 6.. .. 7.. .. 0. 2... . 4.. .. 6 34--- 9-. .. 2... ■ 7- 6.. .. 9.. .. 7. 2... • 5-- .. 0. 55.... 9.. .. 5... . 6. 7" .. 0.. .. 0. 2... • S.. .. 6. 36.... 9.. .. 6... . 6. 7- n .. 6. 2... . 6.. .. 0. 37---- 9-. .. 9... . 6. 7.. .. 5.. .. 0. 2... . 6.. .. 6. 38.... 10.. .. 0... . 0. 7-- .. 7.. .. 0. 2... • 7-- .. 0. 39.... 10.. .. 3 ... . I. 7- .. 9.. .. 7. 2.,. • 7-- .. 6. 40.... 10.. .. 8... . 0. 8.. .. 0.. .. 0. 2... . 8 . .. 0. 41.... 10.. ..II... . 3- 8.. .. 2.. .. 5- 2... . 8.. .. 6. 42.... II.. ., 2... . 8. 8.. .. 5.- .. 0. 2... . 9.. .. 8. 43.... II.. .. 5... . 6. 8.. .. 7.. .. 0. 2... .10.. .. 6. 44---- II.. .. 8... .11. 8.. .. 9.. .. 7- 2... .11.. .. 4- 45.... 12.. .. 0... . 0. 9.. .. 0.. .. 0. . 0.. .. 0. 4.... 46.... 12.. .. 3... • 3- 9.. .. 2.. .. 5. . 0.. ..10. 4.... 47--.. 12.. .. 6... . 8. 9.. .. 5.. .. 0. . I.. .. 8. 4.... 48.... 12.. ..10... . 0. 9.. .. 7.. .. 0. . 2.. .. 6. 4.... 49.... 12.. .. 0... .11. 9.. .. 9.. .. 9. ^ * ■ * . 3.. .. 4. 4.... 8. 9- 9- 9. 9- .10. .10. 10. ,10. ,11. ,] 1. • II. ,11. o. o. I. 2. 3- :)• 4- 4. 5- 5. 6. 6. 9- ,10. ,11. o. 1. 2. 3. 3. D d ,.. o. .. o. ,.. 3- .. 6. ,.. 9- .. o. .. 3- .. 6. .. 9. ,. O. .. 3. .. 6. .. 9- .. O. ..10. .. 8. .. 6. .. o. .. 6. .. O. .. 6 .. o. .. 6. .. o. .. 6. .. 8. .. 6. .. 4. .. o. .. 8. .. 6. .. O. ..10. 158 f^ ^ — Ouver- ture lies Arches. P ieds. 50.... 51.... 52.... 53.... 54.... 55.... 56.... 57.... 58... 59..., 60... Culées. Pieds, pouc. I 13. 13. 13. 14. 14. 14. 14. 15- 15- 15- 16. • 4 . 7 ,10 . 1 • 4 . g .11 . 2 • 5 . 8 o. 3- 8. 6. 11. O. 3- 6. II. O. Piles. Pieds, pouces > 1 10. 10. 10. 10. 10. 11. II. 1 1. II. II. 12. O 2 5 7 9 O 2 5 7 9 O o 3 O o 7 o 5 o o 7 o Vouflbirs de Pierres dures. Pieds , 3.... 3.... 3.... 3.... 3.... 3.... 3.... 3.... 3...- -» 3 .... pouces, I 4.... O. Vouflbirs de Pierres tendres. 4... .10. 5-. . 8. 6.. . 6. 1- . 4- 8.. . 0. 8.. .10. 9.. .. 8. 10.. .. 6. 11.. .. 4. 0.. .. 0. 4. 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4 5- 5- Pieds, pouces» 1 4.... 4.... 8. 5- 6. 7. 8. 8. 9- 10. 1 1. O. , 2. , O. ,10, • 7' . 3 . 2, . o 0....10 Here is the model of a Ponton 6 feet del.nrgcur, confl: ruit with wings. These forts of Poncoaux are called Culverts in wings. One can aifémcnt, as well by the plan as the profile &: the elevation, understand the conftrudion of these Bridges, & by this means we can as this model build more conliderabics, fi we judge it ^ about. r ^ 6 ^ 159 d ^ o ^ î (Jr rtviBBflamiflBivyT i Frame. The frame is one of the most necessary parts in the Archi- tcdliirc & whose study should not be neglected, any more than fa pra- conftruclion tick. The framework here is much older than Masonry, since it has been modeled on architecture. The structure of the pieces of wood that fervent to the compofition & conftiudion des Bûtimcns; & ù the woods that we put in works to build them, fe name Charpcote wood. These pieces of woods have definite lengths and groflcurs. The timbers are mcfurent to the piece of folive, which efl of 3 cubic feet: that is, a piece of wood 3 feet long heaving Se from one foot of grofTor on each side, forms a folive of 3 cubic feet, or 5,184 cubic inches. A 6-foot piece of wood in length 6 & 12 inches from groflbur, f.iit aifll a piece that I call it folive. The same is true of a piece of wood ix feet 6 inches long, groflora, one piece or folive. Fe oak woods sell for a hundred pieces of folive, which efl the same thing. Before building you have to look for wood & C ter; it is therefore necessary to have them fitted. The woods that make round ôc with bark, fe call wood logs: these are the ones that you cut down in the forests when you buy them by the foot folive & in log. The wood of chcnc which one bought in the building sites, ordinarily makes- deny it squared, the bark and the white wood make it removed, & we name them tidal or structural timber. But before I do shopping you have to be able to wallow me. Example of a piece of beech in logs. A piece of wood ^ 6 feet in length & i8 inches in reduced diameter, multiply the 1 8 inches by 3 inches \, waited for the diameter report at the circumference which is from 7 to 22. And you will find 56 inches * for the circumference of the room, that you will multiply by a quarter of the diameter which is 4 inches | , & he will come ^ 54 f, which you will multiply by 5 toifes which are 30 feet; & it will come izji inches f, which you will always divide by 72, (whereas there are 72, pegs in a folive); he will come to quo- hold 17 foljves & reftera at divifion 48 f, which make two-thirds 72 or a folive. So the piece of wood therefore contains 17 folives two feet, which make the 5 of 3 cubic feet including the folive is composted. Example to measure ^ fool a piece of equarrk hois. A piece of wood 4 toifes in length or 24 feet, which in a iz of squaring, that we multiply 12 by li to have 144 square inches for the end of the piece, which we multiply by 4 you length tie, it will come 576 cubic inches which we divide always by 72, ÔL will come to the quotient 8 folives for the content of the room. These two examples of walling in the woods are fleeting to light up those who want to register there, & so as not to be deceived in the purchase, nor deceive in the sale of logs or rendering fage. Inexperience ejue M. Buffon made to increase strength bots y their quantity, their Jolidué ô "their duration, ruerite ajjez, finm le bienpibliC) to be reported shortened. t <: 4%; o ^ He says that it is only necessary to bark the tree from the top to the bottom in the bean tenis, & c laiflcr fcv-hcr cnticremcnc fur pied before you shoot it down. This preparation n; request that a very small depenfe; we will see the precious advantages which result from it. M. de BufFon made ccorccr on} May 175} four oaks at the foot of the top to bottom, from jo height to 40 feet, & from grofl'cur 6 feet in circumference. These oaks bark about 60 years old. He had four other unpeeled oaks felled fuccefîivcmencenc, femblabics in grofî'eur to those who are barked, & was cons fool a hangar to lick in their bark. On July 10 one of the barked oaks saw disease, & the} o • August he was shot and put under cover: he was extremely hard. The fertile was not slaughtered until August 30, 1734, and also put to be covered. In the month ofoftobrc (following M. de Butfon, faifant knocking down the two others, furious at the insults of the air, & led the other covered in the forepieces of the preceding. These last two were found of any hardness. To compare the strength of wood from debarked trees with the strength wood from those who fell with bark, M. de Burfon has cut into iblives 1 4 feet long by 6 inches grof perfectly femblahles feur; the folive of the dead tree first, can be Z4i pounds, oh break the weight of 75 ^ 40 pounds. The folive of amber in bark which was compared to it, can be 154 ] iv. &: she broke crazy the weight of 7310 pounds. The beam or folive of the fertile bark tree is 149 pounds. & die only broke the charge of "5 ^ 1 liv. & that of the tree which was compared to him, pefoit 136 liv. & broke crazy the weight of yii $ books. The The beam of the barked tree & the insulting laifle of time ^ cfoiz 258 liv. & only broke the weight of 8916 liv. & that of the bark tree, which was compared to it, was 439 pounds. & broke crazy 7410 pounds. The folsve or beam of the last tree felled bark bark z6i liv. & wore, before leaving, 9046 liv. & the tree in bark, which was compared to it, péfoit Z38 liv. & broke the charge of 7,500 pounds. He even experienced a folive drawn from the top of the stem of the tree barked & laiflé at the insult of the tcms. This folive was only 6 feet length Qc 5 inches from groircur; it sucks 7 S liv. & no caflà that the charge of 1 1745 ^ 'v. & such a fohve drawn from the trees in bark péfoit yt liv. & broke the load of 118S9 pounds. From the sapwood of one of the barked trees Mr. de BufFon had several pieces of three feet fur i inch, péfant 23 ounces each or about each, & who only crazed the weights of Z87, 2.91, 275> & having compared them with tree bars in bark, caught in the sapwood sapwood 2 5 ounces, they brewed crazy for the weight from 248 liv. Having tested such a bar of bright oak no bark, it pelts zj liv. & only went crazy for the weight of 256 lbs. This proves that the sapwood of debarked oak wood is not stronger than ordinary sapwood, even much more than the heart of oak, although it is less harmful than the latter. M. de BufFon has had many other similar experiences strong, oh who all prove that the wood of barked trees is licked as the foot is harder, thicker, smoother & stronger than the wood from trees felled in their bark. From where we can judge that it is more durable. All oak wood that is sold for sale are all square 5 however, the quantity of fans must be reduced, the strength reduced. E e 16S % ;. o0 * It is also necessary that their liver grofleur relative to their length. Thumb ect effect we will be fond of the Table given by Mr. Belidor. A beam of Length. Width, Height. 12 feet, auii. 10 inch / ur 12 inches. 15. . • 11. . 13 18. 12. 15 21 13. 16 24 13 1 t8 27 15. . 19 30 16. 21 33 17 • ■> ■? 36 18. 23 39 19. 24 42 20. 25 . . . 1 It is therefore possible to comply with these different mefurcs for the groffcur of the pieces, as well as that of 1 1 & i j inches we take 2, inches; h that of i j & 1 6 we remove it 3> that of 1 8 we remove it 4 days, and thus aucrcs in proportion to the groffeur. These parts that we remove, in no way diminish the solidity; c'efl: on the contrary a ■ savings which are used for other works in the area of ​​the conflrudion. The most necessary part to know is: the assembly of the Frame in the art of architecture. The most closed works- rablcs of this efpece make the roofs or roofs I & we can say that fi in the clcvation of buildings fills it is usually the last in execution, it is: however the first in the intention of the Architcclc. By the attic, we mean everything that covers the Buildings, even the domes of the churches which are more or less stiff, let’s congratulate them places where they are built. In countries with a lot of snow a little stiffer than in flat countries where it does not fall so much. It is a beautiful proporcioa in a cquilatcral triangle, for oppofcr to snows when they make roofs of anardoifes 5 & lorf- we want them lower, the proportion of the frontons determines slope. Prefers the roofs to the Manfarde, which is called roof space - brick, do a lot in ufagc. We make them of a beautiful proportion in France " being included in a semi-circumference which is divided into five parts; the first for the level of the Briiis breakdown, the deflus fe shares by half to complete the ridge failure. This proportion is worth better than dividing the half-circumference into four. They are made too high & too pefans in Germany; they appear like wanting to crush the building by their exceifive height. The German Carpenters work their different frame- ment of François Carpenters; but it loads the buildings too much & puffed out the faces outside, when they don't stop by anchors & well linked, clinging & attached after the beams works. When the woods are not long enough to be able to from one wall to another, either in round towers or quarrécs or other- or in steeples, we can have them carried as I shown in Figures D, & E. of the next board. These woods can- wind to fade in the fablieres of the circumference, & to receive the aflera- blocking both of the scratches and those of the pieces of the sides. The frame profile A. defines half of a farm of the eleva- roof of Wittlich Castle, conftt uit at La Manfarde, of a proportion to Françoife, although the crowding is done to the German, but well clinging, hey & anchored in iron fur ks pieces travurcs. The frame profile B. represents half a truss at the Françoife, performed at the Palais Epifcopal in Toul, for the cover of the main wing. The profile of the frame C. represents in the same board the af- fcmwiring of a half of furbaiflè painter for a mason's bridge- built in the village of Moivron. E e ij the% <^ o ^ (^ o ^^ $ 16 At the following plnnche there are four frame profiles; Meadow- mier shows a part of the renovation of a frame farm used on the roof of the Eglife that I had done at the Pareille de la City of Montmédy, which is anchored, crampon ôc linked with iron scarves. The profile of half of the Charpente farm i. rc a Françoife frame, used to cover the Conventual Maifon of the Benedictine Religious of S. Vincent de Metz beyond the Dormitory. The profile of the Manfarde 5. shows a frame to the Frr.n- Coife, who wants to cover [for Maifon that) have done for me by City of Metz, ôi. where there is no iron used. .I7 " P ^ O r '^ c # o - ^ 171 Profile 4. shows a drawbridge model of the fentiment of M. de Bélidor, for a half-moon or other advanced works, to close the entrance; which rises by means of a bafcule- à fleche, fupporté by a çhaffis, fitué fur the farm, having no need other explanation than my profile. Profile 5. shows the cost of a painter for the conftrudion of a Bridge of the invention of Antoine Sangalo. We even add that Michel- Ange fuivi this model for h compofition of the hangers, who have loutcnu the stones of the conftrudlion of the Dome of S. Peter of Rome. This profile can help provide ideas for frame, &: fervir to project some chofe touching this part conftrudion, with all the more advantages than skillful Archi- Tcdes are not uncomfortable with using it. Mr. Manfard as it went copied fes all to two cgoiits, which we call from this composition the Roofs à la Manlarde, of which there are models above. I7i (/ ^ O 'J ^ I was responsible for founding the rfvicre de Meufc in Confenvoyc, & to dreller the Plan d'ui Pont de Charpente for the sharing of Troops of His Rs-Christian Majeftc on the road to Danvillcrs in Varenne. I draw here the height of a pile with an easel pofé fur la pile de m; iÇo; ineric, for the foucicn of five beams which are covered with planks for a first floor, 6c which fuck the paver to pofer by-dcll'us. It is held by the sides with pavers guarded against the uprights of the guardrails. % o0 ' yff fe- ^ ^ ^ ââ I M Here I give the elevation of a bell tower that I had done in conC- faking the Eglife of Rupt en Voivre. The Dome is as tall that it is wide; the lantern is twice the height, which is one fifth of the overall width of the Tower; the little Bell tower that ends the lantern is four times the height of the lantern. By this model we can build more conli- maple trees. We will obfcrve as it is appropriate, for cleanliness of a frame of this type, not to use wood of a grofleur auifi coniîdable than those for bridges & roof spaces. With woods of a mediocre texture well inflamed, one can make these strong of structures mad and which do not load so much Buildings. The wood of the first jam must leak dimenfions those of the works, since they support the whole bell tower or the Dome. So it’s the length of the master pieces that will hug the flower. As for the goulTetSjaux hearths & the branches F "f - 17 " P ^ ^ f ^ 9 ^ 175 chcmcns, they can have the master pieces of the top pieces fens; but with regard to epailTeurj it can decrease memo A half. It must be observed that all the parts of a cnrayurq must touch by the defîus ôc by the dcflbus. The struts of the first elevation "will be enough 5 inches tall at 8, & arms & ties proportionately, but always from high fens, which means doxant. Others' woods scratches will make them thick, 4 inches thick / 8 inches wide, & the other struts, ties, jambs & curves to proportion of 4 inches fur 6. The 4 to 5 inch posts wood diameter of straight strands, the thinnest & the brightest, &: the other woods proportionately smaller. 4 inch stoppers with 2 inch & a half rafters over 4 inches, fufflront for support the load they will have to bear, being perfectly af- females & paperbacks. I'm always running away from menuifiers for those strong of frame & for those of efcaliers; they aflem- blister more cleanly & with more puffiness than most do Carpenters. In refte, it is to Architeite to favor what grollèur you have to give all the pieces of wood, fans to take pride in the Carpenters. Eglijfes. In the Architeclure the Church has to hold the most distant rank tingué & the most refpedable. Should they be decorated with a noble manner, of great magnificence & conforms to modeftic of a place which must fervor for the worship of the Most High. It's Mailbn of the Lord, this is where he repells, & at the same time it is the place where the faithful gather to pray & to obtain the most necessary graces do. All the Eglifes cannot be of a great magnificence ficence each other; they will always be pleasant to God when conihuira them according to the modcftie ôc au 176 ^^ o 0 ^ power of those who make them erect. There are dc4 fimplcs which have no collaterals, others with low ribs make you more conli- maple trees. For the conitrudion of the Church there are proportions which one should not deviate from. The most beautiful proportion, it the nave is of a suitable width, the length of the double to wide width; & only the height, for small Egliics single, proportioned to the width, making the four of the double width of the square in height, by the 47 'figure of the T. book EuclidcIf strong that a 30 foot nave of Ijrgcur must have height 1.5 feet &: half, & others to proporrion, from which I flee fcrvi for a number of Egliles that I have built in the Parishes of campaigns that make limp churches, where more proportion is needed that of magnificence. Sometimes there are pitfalls for the location of the Church are bounded both in length and in width, & which force the Arclii- tcdc not to be able to override, although it must contain a certain number of Paroifficns; such as the eyebrows among others the difficulty in which I confided ^ truire the Eglife at low coxk of the Paroiflb of the city of Montmédy. he was enclosed between two Streets, the Rampart & the Maifon Prefby- tèrale, ainfi that it is seen by the attached Plan, of which fai dcia given the profile of the frame. These strong earths make it necessary to flee an Arch'tcdc to strengthen proportions, where to find room for Ci> nrcnir le; " ParoilTicns, I formed collaterals lower than the nave, to help take care of the poullce of the vault of the nave, coiiinac or see it by the profile of the frame. r ^ o ^ 177 : 1 : i m -liP '' '' iJ- ••. /! •• ■ •• .- ,. 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