\ . ' \ -L I S Tá 0 F SU BSC RIBE RS. \ Lieutenant Colonel Burton William Crichton, Efq;á Thomas Burton,á.. Efq; Mrs. Cuningham, of Enterkin , Dr Ą. George Buxton Sir Ellis Cunliffe, Baronet .. :VVilliam Cunyngha.e, of Craigends, Efqi c. . Lady Curzoná The Moft Jlonorablc James, l:\farquis of Carnarv.n \ . The Right Honorable Philip, Earl of Chcfterfield D Ą\\1 1The áRight Honorab{e George, Earl of Cardigan His Grace William, Duke of Devon1hire The Right Honorable á George, Earl of Coventry The Right H.norable Bafil, Earl of Denbigli I The Right Hono,:able John, Earl of Cafiils , The Right Honorablc William, Earl of Dumfries and Stai. The Right Honorable Charles, Earl 9omwallis The .Right Honorablc William, Earl of Dunmoree _e The Right Honorable Lord Frederick Cavendi{h ,The Right Honorable William, Earl of áDartmouth The Right Honorable Lord Frederick C_ampbell The Right Honorable John, Earl of. Darnleye , The Right Honorable William Lord Vifcount Courtenay The Right Honorable Hugh, Lord Clifford The Right Honort..c . Robert, .ord Clive Theá Honorable Lieute.ant General Conway Thomas Calderwood, of Polton, , Efq; The Right Honorable ., James Campbell, of Ardkinglas, E.q;eHenry Dagge, Eiq; _e Daniel Campbell, of Shawfield, Efq; Ricpard Dalton, Efq; Librariaq. to his Majefty Alexander Campbell,, Efq; , of Grenada Sir Hugh Dalrymple, Baronetá ,_. Mr. Benjamin Carter, Stat.ary, John Dalrymple, of Cranfioun, Efq; Nathaniel Cafileton, Efq; Hugh Dalemple, of Fordle, . Efq; ry . . Captain James Dalrymp\e . , ,e \ of Edinburgh; Merchant Mr. John Davidfon, Clerk to the Signet Mr. George Chalmers; Robert Chalmers, Efq; James Dawkins, Efq; . ,; I .. , r: Rice Charlton, M. D. of Bath Sir Edward Deering, Baronet 1 11, 1 ĄI James Cheap, of Sauchie,'. Efq; Mr. Dickson á .' ' Ą Francis Child, Efq; ;ThomasĄ Dickson, Mrs. Cholmondely, of Clarges Street; áeHofpital ,l J Mr. Thomas C_hurchill 1 Peter Dclme, Efq; John Chute, .fq; George Dempfier, Efq; M7iiliam Clayton, Efq; of Harleyford, Buckinghamlhire James Dewar, of .Vogrie., Efq; Sir James Clerk, Baronet Mr. Ro.e.rt Dodfiey ., ,.. Colonel Robert Clc:rk Chriftopher D'Oyly, .(q; I I John Clerk, Efq; William Drake, Efq. Dav.d. Clerk, Mi D. ofeEdinburgh. -áeAdam Drummond, E(q; _ John Cleveland,.:Efq; áJ.bn Dru.mond, Efq;e Mr: William Cobbett f Robert Drummond, Efqi Archibald Cochran,, Efq;á Henry Drummond, i Efq; 1 Sir James Cockburn1 .<>Jle( The Rev. Mr. John Dryfdale Sir George Colebcook; -Barone. á Ą , Ą Mat,thew Duane, Efq; F.. S! ... Sir Charles Coote, Knight of the Batliá H.eD11an:e, Efq; .e (?liver Coult, Efq; Richard 'Combe, Efq; .Oxford 1 . Sir Lawrence Dundas, Baronet I ich:ird C.r, , Efq; Lady Dundas ... .. L I S T 0 F :S U áIB S C R I B E R S. Lieutenant Colonel Charles O'Harra ' . L. James Harris, Efq; one of the Lord. Commiffioners of His Grace Thomas, Duke of Leeds the. Admiralty, F. R. S. Her Grace the Dutchefs Dowager of Leeds Colonel Harvey, Adjutant General The Moft Honorable John0 Marquis of Lorn George Hay, L. L. D. one of .the Lords Commiffioners The Right Honorable Henry,_ Earl of Lincoln of the Admiralty-The Right Honorable Lord George Lenox Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hay Field Marthal John .ord Vifcount Llgonier .Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Baronet The Right Honorable George Lord Lyttelton Chriftopher H.rvey,' Efq; The Right Honorable Lady Lindores :Sir Rowland Hill, Baronet á-Lacy, Efq; Ą Richard Hill, Efq; Ed win Lafcelles, Efq; Mr. John Hobcreft Daniel Lafcelles, Efq; Lieutenant C.lonel Hotham Edward Lafcelles, Efq; -George .ome, Efq;eMr. Peter Lawfon Ą John H0me, Efq;eMr. Stiff. Leadbetter Thomas Hollis,_ Efq; F.R. S. F. S. A.e. Captain John Lindfay, of the Navy Francis Holburne, Efq; Vice Admiral of the RedeMr. John Linnell John Hope, Efq;eAlexander Littlejohn, of,Woodfi.un, Efq; { Archibald Hope, . Efq;eWilliam Locke, Efq; John Hope, Efq; of Amfi:erdameJohn Lockhart, of Lee, Efq; ,, I John .ort, Efq;eCharles Lowth, Efq; Colonel HothameSir James Lowther, Baronet 3 Setts Lieutenant General HowardeLibrary of the Faculty of Advocates, at Edinburgh George Hungerford, Efq;eLibrary of the Univerfity of Glafgow William Hunter, M. ĄD. _Phyfician to the menfions, in thefe ap.:t...t., whicháwe -.ave already, viewe9, an. t.e. (ame thing is c9nfpicuous ..in the other parts 9f the Palacea_. This was a. circumftance .o..which . the Ancients were extre[!lely attentive, an. it feems to have had an PPY. effea, as it introduce.. int. their buildings a varie.y, which, if it doth h':1 ._pti.,conftitute á Beauty, á. ?,t leaft greatly heighte.s it. Whereas Modern Archit.ll:s, by paying too little regard to .he example_ of the Ancients in _a this po.nt, are apt to fatigue us with a dull fucceffion of fimifar apartments . .Next to the Alre .f thea,. Atrium (H) are two paifages (I), which bay the Romans were c.ll.d Andrones, .an..aby ..the Greeks Mefaulre, from their fituation between halls. There is accefs from them to feveral great rooms ; they were lighted from the roof, and feem to have been contrived inĄ order, to prevent the noife of the Atrienfes, .r Slaves in waiting in the Atrium, froma _a reaching_ the adjacent apartments; and for that reafon thefe a.artments havea . not their entraimmediatelafrom the Atrium.a y y _a I F The l \ . r Ą Ą Ą [ .IO ] á áá,!he firft of tµefe, gc,1nd ooms is._the !BaQlica (K), which áVitruvius mentionseas .common ,in a.I 'great houfe.s, áand dire.s that 1it Ąfbould :be dpa.ious -and magnificept :in iproeor.tion; o the digniteáof the roprietor. D1ocLESIAN. p y p Ar.chi eel: ihas ;been careful to -obferve this precept ; the Bafilica here .1heing -f uch as fuited the .magnificence of .an Emperor. This apartment was allotted for drama.ic .per.f orn;iances, recitals, mufic, and f uch like entertainments, .and was lighted from .the roof. Ą.On the other fide of the Atrium, and correfponding to the-Bafilica, is .the ;Egyptian, Hall (L), which, according to Vitruvius, áwas nearly of the fame form with .e Bafilica, and feems to have been lighted I much in the fame manner. Adjoining to this is the Corinthian Hall (M), with regard to which the Architecl: has obferved a rule of Vitruvius, by making the length of the room t.ice its breadth ; and it is, highly probable that he has likewife followed his direcl:ion, to light it from the North over the roofs of _the Exedrre and Tetrafl:y le Halls, in the fame manner as we find it often pracl:ifed in the Baths at Rome. . . Correfponding to . the Corinthian_ H.all, and. .ppofite to it, is the Cyzicene ááHall (N), which iná every particular refenibles the former. Thefe three halls,e .. together .with the Tetraftyles, or rooms of four columnsá(O), Vitruvius callseby the .common name of Oeci. They were apartments_ forá eating, and wereegenerally of' f uch a á fize, as to hold two T riclinia, or tables, with threee Ą beds each. I Ą Ą . . As the Oeci were employed in the fame manner with our modern dining rooms, the Exedrre (P. ferved for the fame ufes with our withdrawing rooms. Theewere intended.-chieflefor converfation. . Cicero calls them.eCellre ad y y I Colloquendum : They ! were áep laced near to _the eating rooms, and are here lighted from the North. áeNext toá thefe we findá the different apartments defl:ined for bathing; ae praaice which the .Ancients confidered as effential to health; Ą to all the apparatus..eceifary for that purpofe, they difplayed not only great . ' Ą elegance, \ Jo [ II ] elegance, but the utmo!l: lu.ury. Here we firft ente_o. an Apodyterium (QJ, _owhich was a room for undrelling, and fometimes contained a Callida Pifcina, or Lukewann Bath ( R ), fo large as to allow of fwimming about in it. Next to this is the Cella Frigidaria (S), in which there was a Babtifterium, .or Cold áBath. Adjoining to this is theoU ncl:uarium (T), or Repofitory for Unguents, , with whicli the Ancients anointed themfelves before their exercifes. From this we go into the Cella Tepedaria, (U), or Cella Media, fo named from its middle Ą degree of heat, and becaufe it _was a neceffary preparation for the Laconicum, or Cella Cald.ria (V), which was a bagnio for f weating in. All thefe differentá rooms in the Bathing Apartment were lighted from the roof. On the other ' Side of the Cella Media was a Spherifierium _(W),á a room allotted for, theáodifferent exercifes of the ball: this too muft have been lighted froám the roof. On the other fide was the Emperor's Cubiculum Dormitorium, o. Bed Chamber (X), áwhich lay extremely' áconvenient á(or, the Bathing..o , . \ ' . . Apartment, and feems to have beeh particularly contrived for excluding. light,.. ,, a.d .oife. Pliny m.ntions ariá invention of the fame kind iri a bed chamber atá Ą I Ą Adjoining to it, a?d towards the Crypto Porticus, was .hat I take to have / been a private Crenati. (Y), or Supping Room.oThis enjoyed the benefit ofo _ the. fetting fun, which fqr winter eating rooms Vitruvius á recommends as requifite. On the other áfide of the,Cubiculum Dormitorium lie three rooms, two ofá which, upon the authority of. Pliny, I name Procxtones, or Anti--á. chambers (Z), and the other Cella Liberti (a), or Freedm.ns Room. - Beyond the exterior Procretori, a11. adjoining,to the Arcade, are a number "o Ą of vaults, . which were probably employ.d as Cellre Servorum. (b ), or C.lls for the Slaves; though originally, and during the time that DIOCLESIAN held the empire, they might be ufed for lodging the Pretorian Soldi.rs. Ą In thofe Cellre which lie next to the walls of the Bathing Apartments, were ocaufton ( c); the Propnygeon ( d) ; the Milliarium (e) ; and Cellre th. Hypáo á G Lignaria!; ,, [ 12 ] . . . Lignarire (f); whi.h were the names that tbe Ancients. gave to the places and machinery employ ed for heating their baths,. and other aop artments . Ą ' . 'For it is 9bfervable,. that during all my refearches among the ruins of this fabrick. I could. not perceive the fmalleft veftige of a fire place, though Ąo .o this.,was a e:ircumftance to which I attended with particular care (1 ). Fire places ' however the Ancients undoubtedly had, as Vitruvius mentions them, and direcl:s the cornices of thofe.rooms in which they were ufed, toá be purre or unenriched; that the dirtinefs contracl:ed .y the fmoke, might be the more eafily wiop ed off. There are many paffages in t}?. Roman auth.rs (2) which pro.e that they tifed chimnies in their different apartments; and Palladio (3) and Barbaro aifure us that,o in their time, there were frill to be, feen the remains of fire places, with vents ' . for carryináog off the. fmo.e, in three different _parts of Italy: b.f at the fame time it is no lefs evident, that the moil: common method of warming .their ' . rooms.á efpecialloin the houfes of per(o!19 of diftinttion, .as by conveyi.g y hot ajr. t? them through pipesá fixed in the walls (4). In Pliny's defcription .of villa at Tµfcum,-, he ment.ons a large Cubiculum, which in hot áohis f ummer weather was f ufficientloy ,varmed by the fun, and when tpe weather was clou.y,oit rec.ived a fupp.y .f warmoair f.o. the H ypoc.u!l:on: And áin his lettero _ concerning . his winter vil1a atá Laurentinum,ohe exprcfsly takes notice of hiso . bed chamb.r b.ing warmed by hot air, áw.ich, without doubt, .as alfo conveyedo fromá the .ypqcaufi:on. .n the days of Vitruvius, chimnies feem áto áhaveo _o ' ĄI ( 1) Jn one of the highet'.l walls of that building marked K, which I call the Gynecum, or apartments for matronse,. and young women, I di(covered a chimney, which at fidl: fight I took to be Ancient; but upon a nearer infpection, ' I found tlie conftrucl:ion to be undoubtedly ora later date, with a modern jlue formed in the ancient wall. (2)e:p.JTolve frigus Ligna Cuper focoeLarge reponens.eHoR, L. I. Carmen 9. Ą HoR, L. 1, Sat. 5. (3)ePalladio, C Ą. I, C. 27. Barbaro's Comment on his.Italian Tranfiation of Vit. L. 6. C. 10.Ą Ąo . ' (4)eSeneca tells us: Epift, 90. Per imprc1fos Parietibus Tubos per quos circumfundiretur Caler, qui ima fimul etefumma feriret equalit.r. ,. been Ą Ą I Ą Ą Ą Ą The the áa the and other I There are not now any remains of the .aftern part of the Imperial apa. rtrilents beyond . , . á" ,. the Egyptian an. Corinthian Halis. But as there is aná exa8: uniformity in thofe ro9ms on each fide of ,t?eá Atrium, fo far as they remain, Iá thought it moil: eligible not to in?ulge my f.ncy in forming any new conjeB:ure, but fimply to repeat the fame difl:ribution .n this .s on the other fide; efpecially . .. . \ as a feparate bathing apartment for the women feems neceffary to corn pleat áthe c_onveniency anq áelegance of this b.ilding. The .inacotheca, or . room for Pill:ures, and the Bibliotheca, or Library, are apartments .hich Vitruvius mentions as common in all the great lioufes of the Romans: It would therefore furprife the reader, álliould he find no fuch rooms in the palace of .n Emperor, who was fo remarkable for his love of the Fine Arts. But if we confider that Ąnoble Porticus or Gallery, which ftretches along tp.ree fides of this building above the C.llre Servorum and Arcades, . I extending no lefs than I 21 2 feet in length, and 31 feet in breadth, it i. á . . evident that fufficien. fpace was left for apartments confecrated to thofe elegant Arts, of which DrocL.SIAN was fo great an admirer. Towards the Eaft ( as we learn from Vitruvius) was the proper fituation for the Bibliotheca ; towa.ds á the North was the expofure m9ft app.oved of foráá Picl:ures; and the Weft fide may have been referved á for an Horreum, a room which Pliny mentions as a repofitory áfor ftatues, bas reliefs, and other curious productions of art. This gallery was divided by the three gates to the palace, had and by the ftairs on each fide of them ; but I found the communication Ą I . H á been I lI { I , , ', l V f I, I) ' /a I come now to the Temples, whit;h are placed in two areas adjoining to the palace, and are feen on each fide of the Periftylium, through _its rows of granite columns. Such attention to the honor and worfhip of the Gods, is fuitable to -the characl:er which is given of D1oc,LESIAN by ancient authors. The fquareaTemple (g), , which was fituated in the weft of the Periftylium, . was dedicated to .lEfculapius ( 1 ). If we defcribe it according to the terms of ancient Architeaure, it was Proftylos, Tetraftylos, and its intercolumnations were fomething more than Syftylos; that is to fay, the Columns are .11 o. one principal front; there are four of them on that front, and the intercolum .. nations are about two an. a. fifth diameters. The afcent to it was by a flair of fifteen fl:eps,._anaunevená number being generally ufed in the.T.mple.a _a of the Ancients, that b.ginning to move with the right foot, they might of courfe place it firft upon_ the uppermoft ftep, in order to enter the Temple,á a form which they accounted refpecl:ful in approaching a Deity (2). This Temple, like 'many other of the ancie.t one., received no .ight but by .heá door. Benea.háit are va.lts of great ftrength; its roof is an ar.h adorned with funk pannels of beautiful workmanfhip, and its walls are (?fa remark.able thicknefs. The Ancients were extremely folicitous to render their religious edifices as durable as poffible, and th( effetl:s of this attention are now vifible. This Temple frill remains ..almoft entire, and is at prefent employed by the Spalatrines as a Baptifie.yĄ .r (1) Petrus Nicolinus, whofe Manufcript is frequently cited' by Farlatus, tells us: Tertium quoddam fanum Bafilicre, e regione objacet ab occidente, quondam .lEfculapio facrum, Sacelli forma quadrata cfi, uno fornice Lapideo obtegetur mira Arte Crelato, &c. J.S. Tom. 1. p. 489, The hiftory of Salona by Archi?iocanus, is alfo cited by Farlatus to the fame purpofc, ' I (2) Vitruvius, L, 3.-C. 3. Alberti, L .. 1, C. 13. On Ą Ą .J .. 1 . ' ., .. ' [f)Ptne defcriap tion of thisá edifice, no mention has ábeen made of a C.lina, . ' . ,or kitchen áof the Cellarire, Aaothecre, .and other offices which muft neceffarila py ltave belo..ed t. fuch .aábuilding." T-hefe, :without dou.t, wereain proportion . to t'he other parts .of f o great a work, and -muft have been placed in the half funk. -.or vaulted ftory. Part of thefe vaults now remain entire, arid at preferit are ufed by the merchants for warehoufes. áThey-lie all along that fide of the Palace .xt to the fea, and und.r the Caryp to Porticus. There is alf o another vault which -runs froni. South to North, under the Atrium, Veftibu.lum, and Porticus, which appears to have been a common entry to all th. under-grou'nd o.ffices. Thefe have been partly deftroyed, and partly áfilled up; . I infomuch that \yithout g reat labor and expence in . diagging, it was .ot poffibl. \ ) -exactlay to difcover their difpofition, or to form any plaufible conjeaure con.cerning their different ufes. I attempted, however, at different times, to dig in various quarters of the Pa.ace, and very probablay miag ht_ have made fome ufeful difcoveries, had not the repeated al.rms and complaints of the inhabi.,tants pre.ailed .pon the Go:vern.r to fend me the moft pofitive orders to defift. I was therefore obliaged, áthough.with regret, to obey, and haftened to finifh ' I. 1 .á \ \what remained uncompleated above ground, left frelh fufpicions fhould have :prevented me fr-?. proce.ding áwith'. that more effential part of my work. "' . . ,. ( .. . . ' All the buildings which we.have .itherto furveayed, lie on the South fideá of Ą that ftreet which runs from the Eaft to the Weft Gate.. On the North of I ' I that ftreet were fituated two buildings (k) and (1), not much inferior in extent,. ' nor probably in magni.cence, toáthofe we have alreaday defcribed: but by the injurie. of time, and the depredations of the Sapalatrines, áthefe ftru&ures are red.ced to,'a very .ruinous condition; and though fome walls ftill remain, which fix the form and ,dimenfions ofaa few apartm.nts, and fhow that theay con. , _aI fifted of two ftories, yet we have lit.aguide á us in. judaging with reag tie to ard to the arranag ement and difap ofition of, the whole. .I have ventured, however, to form a plan of thefe buiJdings, bay obferying as careful.y .s poffible f uch traces of the ancient divifions as .are ftill .vifible. This_ I lay before the .reader, .who .J I I , mufl: \reft fatisfied ,with -.conje.ure, Ą where certainty (Cannot , be áattained. tl fuppofe one of thef'? á buildingsá.'(k) áto have1 been a Ganzceum, or an apartment á á yá allotted t \ I E X P L áA N A T I O N 0 F THE Ą p LA E s. Ą WIT H Occafional Remarks on the Style of the Architecl:ure Ą ' . \ Ą Throughnot this Work, all the GEOMETRICAL PLANS, ELEVATIONS, I Ą in Englilh Feet and Inches Ą and SECTIONS, are figured The Detail of the particular Orders and other Parts of the Buildings, are figured in Modules and Minutes; with a Scale of Feet and Inches annexed to each Plate. P L A T E I. F?,-ONTISPI EGE.á P L A T E II. General Plan of the Town and Fortificati'?ns of S alatro; ihewing the Situatio p of the Ancient Palace of the Em eror D1ocLESIAN;p, . alfo the great Bay, and Harbour, the Lazaretto; the Mountain Margliano, the Fort of Gri e,pp the Suburbs, and the adjacent Grounds. A. The Great Bay. E. The Piazza, or Market Place of the prefent Town ; .. B. The Harbour. the Houfes of which are reprefented by fingle C. Djfferent Courts of the Lazaretto, in which the reo. Lines, both within and without 'the Palace. ) . ple trading from Turky perform .arantine, and F. Fortifications round the Town, bµilt during theWar , where the Goods are purified. of Candia. . D. The Palace ofD1ocLESIAN, which is.ihaded darker G. The Fort of Grippe. than the Mogern Buildings. H. The Suburb called the Barga Luciaz. . ' ' L I-; The Ą ... [ 20 ] IJ I.oThe Suburb called the Barga Manus:o_,I N.oA ruinous Fortification called Forte Botecelle;oK; The Suburb called the Borga di Pozzo Bon, or Dobri.oN. B. At the Top of this Plate are introducedo L.oThe Suburb called the Borga Grande.ofome Parts of the Ancient Buildings of the M.oThe Mountain Margliano, upon the Summit ofoPalace in Pcrf pective. which the Jews have their Burying Ground.á P L A T E III. View of the Town of Spalatro from the Eafr. . A. The Temple of Jupiter, now the Cathedral Church.o B.oA Modern Spire, built upon the Landing of theoStairs to the Temple of Jupiter, moil:ly compofed of Fragments of Marble brough. from Salona, and of Columns of Granite and other Materials, taken from the Palace. It now fcrves as a Stec-: plc to the Cathedral Church. C C. Ancient Walls of the Palace: D D D. Modern Fortifications. ' EáE. The Bay of Salona. which runs up into the ' ) Country three MJes, behind the Mountain Mar1 gliano. F.oLazaretfo.o G. The Harbour.o H.oPoint of Land which áforms the Weft Side of theoGreat Bay of Spalatro. I.oThe Mountain Margliana.o K K K K; 1Ł1.ands in the Adriatic belonging to the Ve.netians. L, The Ifthmus,. of Trau, anciently Tragurium, threeoLeagues from Spalatro; from which Place the Stones were brought to build the Walls of D10.Ą CLESIAN's Palace. Thefe Q!!arrics frill remain open, and in them the People of Trau find Stones of the fame eC! Square Tpwe_rs of the ?alace.e -. .Ą Octag.n To'!er. áon ea. Side of the Gate:e ,I f Ą I , \ r r D.eModem Building, where the Ancient :Wall is de.ture ofits ancient State, yet I'was enabled to m.keá. Ą , , ' ' ftroycd. out the Whole from the Remains ;r the ..rta E.eSquare Tower, which had been greatly decayed;eFerrea on the .cft Sideeof theePalace (fee Platee _ . and afterwards repaired in this Form. XVII.) which is ,almoft perfedly entire, a.de ,e Although but little of the Ancient Porta 1Łnea re.; ' ' fcems to be precifely fimifar to this Gate in thof. ' . mains, by which l could form a proper Conj. , Parts that fiill remain. P Lá .AT E XI. r , Geometrical Elevation of theá Porta Aurea, or North Wall of the Palace. .. . Elevation áof the fame Wall .as'it now remains. ' P L A T .,E XII: \ View of the Porta Aurea. Ą I A.eGate and Arch now built by the Spalatrines.eD.ePart of one of the Octagon Towers.e B.eGranite Columns , fupported by Gonfoles, (fee Platese / XV.eand XVI.)e.h.1s Gate nowáforms one of the Walls. C. Niches for _Statues. áP 'L A T E , XIII.. , á . Geometrical Elevation of the Porta :Aurea and O.agon Towers. A.eThe áp.incipal Ga.e, divided from a Semicircularefrom the Gro.und Story and Gallery above, á and Opening over it. by a flat A.chá of a particular the Truffes for. carrying the Timbers of the '"- Confl:rudion, whi.h remains perfectly entire. Floor and Rodf. B.eOctagon Tower on the Eaft Side of the áGate,eThis Gate is more orriamentcd . than t.e other , ' , Łhewing the Outfidc Wall. Gatesá of the 'Palace, it beingát.1e principal Entry C.eOctagon Tower on the Well: Si.e of the Gate,eto the Emperor's Apartment; and -fronting the , fuewing Part of the lnfide WaU, with the Doors Porticus of the Veftibulum'. The lower Niches ;, N on Ą ,,. '' . Porta Aurea.e ., C) 'On -each Side of the Gate as well as the Arch that might induce DxoctESIAN"s Arcbited: to ,over it,-incroach too much upon the fuperior Or.: make this Dif pofition, which appears to me ' ' der, an. do not feem to .dd to the Beauty of much i'´ˇerior to many ()ther Parts of the Build. .., the" Building,Ą ,either by their..-Form or.Situation.' ing. ' ' It .is not my Part !<> enquire into. the Reafons I P LA TE XIV. Impoft .ornice _and Archivolt o( the Porta Aurea.. . ' . . -. ( . . A.ePart of the lmpoft Cornice;e B.ePart of the Archivolt,e á ,. .P L A T E xv.á t ' . ', ,, . ' J Confole. which fupport the Columns of the Porta Aurea. . A.eFr.mts of the Confolcs.e á"e. P L A T E XVI. . . Ą' .. ' I. lmpoft and Archivolt oftheáUpper N.ches.of the Porta Aurea. i I ' ' I A.eJmpoft.e,Ą : C. One of the Confolcs in Pcrf peftivc. B.eJun.ion of Part of two Archivolts.e I t, ' ,. I , 'Ą' View of the Porta Ferrea. A: The Porta Ferrea, or Iron Gatel D.eCourt of Jufi:ice;e B.e One of the Ancient Octagonal Towers: . á 1 á E. The Piazza or Marke..Pla. of the prefen. To.. , C.eGuard-Room formed of .Antique Columq.s, áanq ot..eFragments of Marble taken fromá the Pal.ce. P L A _T ,E XVIII. . 'eJ ' ,, \ General Secl:ion .of the Palace from South to North. I J I .,, A.eOctagon Tower of the Porta Aurea.eD D. Awtments for Courtiers: . ,, ... -' B. The Portaá Aurea, áe...eE.ePorta lEnea.eCáC. Exterior_ Wall of the Palace. F.á .em;le of Jupiter.e G.ePerifiyliume I> Ą I Ą '. I ;,, r _,.,. Ą .,,,.. from the pure Simplicity of. the Ancients. yet Time, have 2doptcd the Modern V cnctiln Win-: Ąeáit ?lppcars,to have.been from foimthing of !.. dow, which. bears a Ągreat Rcfemblance 'to thie ' .... :Kind :that Palladio; and other Atchitctb of h.s Porticus of DIOCLESIAH's Palace. ' P L A T E XXII.. Order of the Pottito to the Vefi:ibulum, in the Periftylium. PLA'T_ E XXIII. View of the Jnfide of the Veftibulum. A.eDoer from the PorticuS'.eZ.t alfo. of thofe of Caracalla,. where there fiill B.ePart of the ,Arch of th'e Vaulted Story.eremain .ome Parts finilhed in that Way. The ,:C. 1A.-Modetn Bwilding within the V cftibulurn.eDome is alfo Arched with Bricks, but fo much iTihe fnfidc áof the Veftibulum was built of Brick, decayed that it is not now poffiblc to difcover and coávered over with ,a hard Cement for re. in what Manner it has been adorned. ceiving an _Incr.ftation of Marble, in the fame The Architraves, Frifes, and Cornices are all of I I Manner as the Walls of Come of the Apartm.nts White Marble. I jn the. Baths of thia .Emperor at Rome ; and '' ( P'LATE á XXIV. r Door of _the Veftibulum. P L A T E XXV Ą . Part' of theá Door of the Veftibulum to a larger Scale. r . P L A T E XXVI. J Plan of the Temple of Jupiter. , Ai Circular Nic.es of the Temple. D.eDoor of the Temple:e.-Sq.are Niches. áE. Covered Collonade round the Temple. 'e Ą .,...,.,.,'!J-.,y- C.eStairs of the Temple. J P L A T E XXVII. I t Side View of the Telllple of Jupiter. Ą I A; .edcftal which fupport. .. .l..s roun. .. B. Columns of Granite as th.y now remain; :remplc. C C. Part of theáEntablaturc over the Columns. I, Ą -J D.eWalle I , . J 27 [ ,. D.hWall of the Temple.hE. Fir!\: Story of the Spire built upon the Landing ofh the Stairs. . , , ( L A T .E XXVIII. I Vie,y of the Entry to tJ:ie Temple of Jupiter. A.hDoor of the Temple, (fee Plates XXXI. and XXXII.)hD.hArch whichĄfupports the Modern Spire.h B.hColumns that go round the Outfide of the Temple.hE.-Gothic Sepulchre.h C.hPart of the Entablature and Soflit of the Colonade. FF. Ancient Sarcophagi;h P L A T E XXIX. á Geometrical Elevation of the Temple of Jupiter. Ą I ,, A .. The Stairs. Nor is it lefs remarkable, that at both Places the . ( B. Door of the Temple.hFrifes over the Doors are, often.left out ; and in c.á ái\.rched:Window. :h?' fome of theĄEntablatures ,the 'Architraves are fo It is extremely probable that the Arched Window broad, as almoa to equ.l' the Height of both ( Ą to thii Temple has beenááopened fince the Time Frife and Cornice. Befides , thefe Circumfiances . of D1ocLESIAN, ;Light being feldoni admitted, there is fo great . Similarity in fame of the Mem.( except by the--Door) into the Temples of the. bers and Enrichments of both thefe Buildings, Ancients. The Conftruc'cion of the Arch itfelf that it ferves, in my Opinion, .JlS an additional appeared to me more modern than the other Proof of the Jufiice of Mr. \Vood's Hypothcfis P.rts of the Temple, and ,feems greatly to in afcribing that Temple to our Emperor. firengthen this Conjec\:ure. Having made particular Mention of the Roof of this In reftoring this Temple, I have placed a Statue Temple in the Defcription qf the General Plan, over each Column, as I found by the Cramps (Page 15) I !hall only obferve, that the Form of a that remain in the Plinth over the Entabhture, pointed Roof in 'femples of this ..ind, is uncom.that _it had been originally decorated.in that l\.1;anĄ. mon in the ancient Buildings of the Romans, as ner, though now there are none of the Figuresá the Flat Dome feems to have been their more fa. I remaining. The Grandeur of the Collonade, vorite Form : But having found the Roman ; I which is Areoftylos, is in fom. Degree impaired Stamp upon the Tyles that fiill cover it, there by the Double Pedeftal, which goes round the was no Room left to doubt its Antiquity. Temple; I !hould have fufpecled that Neceffity The Stairs to the Temple feem t. me very had obliged D1ocLESIAN's Architect to ufe this defective, by being fo much confined be.Method of adding Height to Columns which the tween the large Pedefials on each Side. Had Emperor had commiffione. from Greece, or they extended the whole Width of the four Co. perhaps tranfported from Italy. Bu,t upon exaĄhlumns in Front, it would undoubtedly have add. mining that Building in Palmyra, Plate XLV. ed greatly to the Magnificence of the Building. which, from the Latin Infcription, is thought to The Walls and Pedefial of the Temple are of be the Work of D10CLESIAM, I find that the Ar--Stone from Tragurium ; the Columns of GraĄ .bitecl: ufes a Double P.defial to .e Column. there, , nite ; the Capitals and Eritablature of White exactlyá ii! !h. f.m. Manne. -as . this '.fcmple. Marble. p PLATE .,, ' \ . P L A T E XXX. I\!\ Ą \\ . á.' \Ą l. I I It, 1 \ I' .) . I I ' . Exterior prder of the Temple of Jupiter. P L' A T E Door of the Temple of Jupifef.. P L á A T E .. XXXII. .art of the Door of the Temple to a larger_ Scale. I ' rhc Dteffing of this Door, though uncommon; has a bold_,and pleafing Effecl:. The .rnament upon the Swelling Moulding is of vefine.ry Workmanlhip. The Modillions in the Cornice I I ) f Ą \' I I i are not perpendicular over'.the Trufi"es,, .d of. . . fend the Eye greatly. The Angular Modillion, which is to be found in many Parts of this Pa.lace, as well as in other-Buildings of the An.cients, feems in this Door to be no addition. ornament. áP .L . ' X:XXIII. I' . / View of the Infid. of the Tempteáof 'Jupiter .. I I I )f ,'. Ą I I I' A. Door of the Temple. c. One of the Circular1Niches. B. Window over it. D. One of the Square Niches.e p L A T E XXXIV. I á\ .; I' Geometrical Seclion áof the Teinple of Jupiter. á, ' / . A.eInfide of the Dome, thewing the Confuutlion of F. Door to the,.Te.ple:eĄ I the Brickwork.á G. Arched Window over the Door: , ,, B.eEntablature of the Second Ord_er, (fee Plate XXXVI.) .eH., Seel.ion through the Portico to the Temple;e' " f I C.eAeFrife which goes. roundet.e Temple, (fee PlateseI.ePedetw and Section of the Stairs tQ the Temple:e_e. I xxxyrr1. and XXXIX.) ĄeK.e¤etlion through .. 9>Jl.?.. w. f..un.s ..eD.eEntablature of the Firft Order,. (fee Plate XXXV.)eJemple;,( ..lmpoft Cornice -of !he Niches, ( fee Plate XJqITII.)e, . Ą I , TheL Ą Ą Ą . I ., , f I / / ., s , I ,,. ,,. f ,Ą I i 1/f J ' [ The Shafts of the Columns of the Firll: or Corin. . . thian Order within the Temple, are of. Orierita. Graoite of one Stone: The Capitals and Bafes of the Columns, and all the Entablature, are of , Parian Marb}e, Behind the Corinthian Capitals of the Columns, there are Pilafl:er Capitals, with a very fmall Projection, of the fame Marble with the Capitals of the Columns: But no Pi-áá lafter is carried down, nor no Bafe thcwn, which, however defective it may have been, makes me think that nothing more than the Capitals was ever intended. The Shafts of the Columns of the fecond Order, which is Compofite, are alternately of Verdet Antique) o. Ancient Green Marble, and Por. P L A T' E I' phyry, of one Piece. The Capitals and Enta.blature are alfo of Parian Marble. Behind each.. Column in the Second Order is a PilaO:er, which projecl:s One Fourth of its Diameter. _a'The Shafts of thefe Pilafiers are of the fame Stan. as the Walls. of the Temple! and worked folid witháathe Wall; but th. Capitals are of the fame Marble with that of the Columns. It is very remarkable that this Order had no Bafes, either to the Columns or Pilall:ers, like the Grecian Doric; and the Height of the Column and Ca.pital does not exceed Seven Diameters, which is three Diameters lefs than is allowed to this á Order in moft of the othe. Works of the Ancients. ,áxxxv. Firft Interior Order of the Temple of Jupiter. P .L A T E XXXVI. Second Interior Order of the 'Temple of Jupiter. Ą I Ą P L A T E XXXVII. 'A, Outlide Entablature at the Top of the Temple of B. ImpoA: and Archivolt of the Interior Niches;a Jupiter. \ P L A T E XXXVIII.á Bas Relief which forms a Frife in the lnfide of the Temple of Jupiter. \ . ,. .. P L A T E XXXIX. Other Bas Reliefs, being Part of the fame Frife. á PLATE . . \,, ' ' ' \ [ 30' ] P L A T E XL: Plan of the Temple of ...tEfculapius. A:, The Body of the. Cell of the Temple.' C.eThe Portico:e " ... . . .. .. ,.-. .. B.eThe Door.e P L A ááT E Xl.iI áá View of the Temple of 1-Efcqlapiu... A.eThe Back Wall of the Pediment ..eE .eA Marble Urn the p.rticular SculpJ.re. ..-.hi..e .. B.eArchitrave that went round the Infide of the P9rtico:eare delin.ated, Plate LLá C.eDoor of the Temple, (fee Plate XLVI.)eF.eSarcophag.s áplaced by the Door.( th. !.mpl.e D.eLarge Blocks of Stone, forming the Dado of .hee,a., M9der. Buildings.e Pedeftal that fupports the Temple. ' [ 33 ] P LA áT. E LVIll. Ą Bas-Relief, reprefenting a Combat with the Cen.aurs.á 1. P L A T E LIX. I Bas-Relief found incrufted in the Spire of t.e Cathe.dral 'Church. p L A T E LX. A.aView Ąf a Sphinx, with Hieroglyphics.aáB! .ron! Y.Je. .f the fame Sphinx. áa .... C! Ano.e. Yiew: of the Came ,Sphin%: r-' p L A T !E LXI. View of the Aqueducl: which conveyed Water from Salon.a to the Palace. '.fhis Aqueduct is vulgarly f uppofed to have been a Highway leading from Salona to Spalatro: But befides the Remains of the Conduit for Water, which is yet obfervable i. many Places, it is too narrow ever to have ferved for any other Purpofe than that of an Aqueducl:, as it is not above Eight Feet wide over the Walls. The Nature of the Soil itfelf was fufficient to convince me of tile Abfurdity of the common Hypothefis, as-the Aqueduct is built either on a. hard Rock, or firll) Gravel, which rendered any , artificial Highway entirely-ufelefi; .tween Sa-Iona and the Palace. ! Vifcher, in his Architecl:ure I-fifiorique, mentionsathis Aqueduct as conveyingá Water from theaRiver Jader, which has its Source in the Moun.'' tains two Miles above Salona. In this I áthin.ahe is right ; but cannot -agree with his, Suppo.Łtion of there having been a High Road dver 'it ;awhich he feems to have borrowed without Exa.. I mination,. fro. the common Traditi,on preva.lent ahiong the Spalatrines.a ĄaL'Architec1:ure Hifl:.r]que, L. 2. Tab. ro and r r.a. . . s ' . I \ . ...a \ I \ ' .. , . ' .. ... ... , Ą .. \t \ . I , .,, ' ' ... ., ... , \ 4 . I Ą .. Ą Ą" .. \ -'I, . ' , . -!j I ,, . . \ .. I I" :,, .: . -: :. -.á. r ' ' { I . t ' 'l : áJ á "" ., . ' , . . , , l . ;, , 'J .. ' .., Ą;t. , ' ... I Ą (. ( Ą 11 Ą .. ... á. (. . ( ' \ ' /I' . '. ,. . -t Ą ., . , Ą .. ,. 1 I Ą ':d ( .i .á '. -I f Ą áii ), '1 ' f I ...,. ,. . tL .. '.1 C '., ; I I t ,, /ji . \. . '" ,} . j,, Ą .. I I, ,, á.t11t t "' ) . . . . ( , . ; Ą Ą . ". \ l J .N\.á 1 '. \. Ą .. r, I ' .;(. ,. I Iá. ) ,, ,. "\ IĄ ,, ' t Ą . I ; _;.. ( u .,, . . , . ... , . " r.,. . ' . ', \ .. I ... ,..: , I I Ą : .. f. I r Ą hI t' ' . . . Ą I .. Ą Ą Ą ..?late ff. I, ., Ą -á r . ' Ą I Ą_á,,, .. ... . . . I ,/ .. .. d- .( ., .. . ' . . . , I , . ,. } . , .. ... . . \ ' .. , .. . ''.. ' . I, . . ! ... : á' ..,_ . .,.. . .. Ą 1' . .. ,. 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