THE ORIGIN 0 F BUILDING: OR, THE PLAGIARISM 0F THE HEATHENS DETECTED 

In FIVE BOOKS. 
By J O H N ,1:f' 0 0 D, Arcl1iteB:. á 

Printed by S. and F. FARLEY And Sold by J. LEAKE: 1v1. LEwrs, in 
Bri}Jol: W. INN v s, in St. Paufs Church-Yard; C. H 1 ár ctt, in Pater.Nofler-RO'W; R. DoDSLEY, in Pall-Mall; J. PINE, in Old-Bond-jlreet; 
.nd J. BRINDLEY, in New-Bon(i-jlreet, London. 
M.DCC.XLI. 

THE CONTENTS. 
B O b K the F I .R S T.
Containjng an Account ef the RrsE. and PROGRESS cf B u ILDr ING, from the Creation of the World, to the Time in which Mofes finijh'd his Tabernacle in the Wildcrriefs. 
CHAP. I. The lNTRoDtJCTION. Page 3. 
CHAP. II. Of the R1sE of BUILDING. p. 11.A
CHAP. HI. Of the Progrefs of BuILDING, from its Introduc.
tion_ ápy Cain, 'till Noah began the Ari.K. p. 1 3. 
CHAP. IV. Of Noah's ARK, and the DELUGE. p. 16.A
CHAP. V. Of the Progrefs of BuILDING, from the DELUGE, 
'till the Confufion of Languages. p. 1 8. 
CH A P. VI. Of the Progrefs of BurLDIKc, from the Confufion of Languages, 'till Jofapl/s Advancement in the Court of Pharaoh, King of Egypt. p. 27. 
CH A P. VIL Of Jefeph's Advancement in Egypt, and of the Manner in which the principal Part of the Riches of the World was:
:firfl: colle?'ed. . . p. 39á CHAP VIII. Of the Bomfage of the Children of Ifrae!in Egypt.
p.4r.
CHAP. IX. Of the Tranfition of the collected Riches of the \Vorld, from the Egyptians, to the Jfraeflites. 
p. 47.A
. CHAP. X. Of the Works performed by the Jfraelites, between ttheir croffing the Red Sea, and their building the Tabernacle under 
áá 
., the Direction of Mefes. 
p. 49. 
. .. , C_f\.A P. XI. Of the Tabernacle erected by Mofes in the Wilder.
.
nefs. p. 5 z.A
CHAP. XII. of the Urim and 77.nmzmim. p. 62.A



BOOK the SECOND. 
Cqntaining a Defcription of Speculative ARCHITECTUR E; of Pro. áAportion; of Beauty; and of the various Parts of the Taberuade.A
CHAP. I. The lN1'RODUcTioN. p. 67.ACHAP. JI. Of ARCHITECTURE. p. 69.A
b CHAP. 

CHAP. III. Of PtLLARs, in Imitation of Forked Trees, or 
Poles. . p. 70¥ 
. CHAP. IV. Of ORDER. PL 71. 
¥CCHAP.-v. or PRoroRT10N. p. 72.C
CH A P. VI. Of BEAUTY. 
Pá 73áC
CH A P. VII. Of the Mimner in which the lfraelitts were to beC
inihucl-ed in the LAW. '. 
. p. 74.C
CH A P. VIII. Of the Ark, Mercy Seat, Altmá of Incenfe, Table, 
:md Candl':ftick, in the Tabernacle. 
. p. 7 5á
CHAP. IX. Of the:; Sockets or Bafes of the Tabernacle. p. 78. 
CHAP. X. Of the Boards and Ban of the Tabernacle. p. 79. 
CHAP. XI. Of the Curtains of the Tabern(lcle. p. 81. 
CH A P. XII. Of the Pillars of the Tabernacle. p. 8 3 . 
. CHAP. XIII. Of the Brazen Altar, Laver, and Court of the 
Tabernacle. p. 86. 
CHAP. XIV. Of the Pillars of the Court. lb. 
CHAP. XV. Of the .alifications of Mojes, p. 91. 

B O O K tl1e T H I R D. 
Containing an Account tJj the PRoGREss of BUILDING, frwiz 
áCthe Completion of the Tabernacle, to ;be Finijhing of Solomon'sCTemple.C
CHAP. I. The INTRODUCTION. 
p. 97.
CH A P. II. Of the Camp of the lfraelites. p. 98.C
CH A P. III. Of the Progrefs of Building during the Life of ¥C
lvlofes. p. 105. 
CllAP. IV. Of the Progrefs of Building, from the Death of 
Mofes, to the Inauguration of King David. p. 109 
-CHAP. V. Of the Progrefs of Building during the Reign of KingC
/)aávid. p. I I 3. 
CH A P. VI. Of the Preparations made by King David, for the 
Temple at Jerttfalem. p. I l 6. 
CHAP. VII. Of the Preparations made by King Solomon, for the 
Temple at Jertifalem. p. I I 8. 
CHAP. VIII. Of the Situation of the Temple at Jerufalem, and of the Year of the World in which that Building was begun. p. I 19., CH A P. IX. Of the Temple, and the Parts thereunto belonging. p. I 21.C
CH A P. X. Of the Altar, Sea, and Laver, in the inward Court 
of the Temple. p. 1 29. 
CHAP. 

CHAP. XI. Of the Court, of the Temple. p. 130. CH A P. XII. Of the Time Solomon was erecting the Temple, with 
an Explanation of theoPlan of that Edifice.op. 133.o
. 
B O O K the F O U R T H. 
G_o1ttaining an Account of the PRocRr:ss of BUILDING, from the Completion of Solomon's Temple, 'till it arriv'd to its higheft Perfaclion in AGa, Egypt, Greece, and Italy. 
CHAP. I. The INTRooucTroN. p. 139.oCHAP. II. Of King Solomon's PALACE, and of his other Works. 
p. I 41. 
CHAP. III. Of the Progrefs of Duitding in Canaan, from the Death of Kin. Solomon, to the 5th Year of the Reign of Rehoboam. 
from theá
CHAP IV. Of the Ptogrefs of Building in Egypt,Bondage of the Children of Jfrael, to the Rife of the Ajfyrian Em.pire under Pu L. . -p.147r
CHAP. V. Of the Progrcfs of Building in A/Jyria, from the Rife of that Empire under PuL, to its Deftrnltion by the Mede, and Ba.6ylonian1. p. 152: 
CHAP. VI. Of the Progrefs of Building in JV/edia, from the In.auguration of Deioces, 'till it arrived to its highefi Perfection. p. 1 56. 
CHAP. V.I. Of the Progrefs of Building in Ba/Jylon, from Mi.bonajfar, 'till it arriv' d to its higheft Perfection under Nebuchad.nezzar. p. 1 57. 
CHAP. VIII. Of Ezelliefs V1ss10N of a new Temple and City,
for his Brethren, the Jews. p. 16r. 
CHAP. IX. Of the Temple of Jerufalem, as built by Zerub.
!Jabel. á p. 1 64.
. 
CHAP. X. Of the Progrefs of Building in Perjia,_ from Cyrus,
'till the Reign of Alexander the Great. p. 1 66. 
CHAP. XI. Of the State of Building in Greece, from Cyrus, 'till 
the Reign of Alexander the Great. p. 169 
Cl-IAP. XII. Of the Progrefs of Building in lta(y, from the Burning of Rome, hy the Gaub, to the Reign of AucusTus C,:csAR. p. 174.o
CHAP. XIII. Of the Temple at Jeru/alem, as built by Herod 

the Great. 
BOOK 
,.fhe C o N TE N t s. 



B O O K the F I F T H. 
lo,;tailiirl,_f a Deftription of the Orders of Columns; of the Forms 
and Proportions of Tempks, Bafilica's, and other celebrated Edifi.
as 11/ :A11titjuitJ1 and .f the Standard Meajures of the Antients. 
; 
CHAP. I. The h.:TROP1JcT10:-:. p. 183. 
CHAP. II. Of the DoRICK ORDER. p. 185. 
CHAP. III. Of the Io:-:1cK ORDER. p. 188. 
CHAP. IV. or the CoRIN'l'ITIAN ORDER. p. 194. 
CHAP. V. Of the general Proportion of the Acceffary Ornaments 
of all the Kinds of Columns. 
CH A P. VI. Of the particular 1-feafures of the three Orders of Columns, a.1d of the Names of the fcveral Parts of .thofeá Orders. 
p. 202. 
CHAP. VII Of the Situation of the Pagan Temples, and of the 
Orders peculiar to them. . p. 210. 
CHAP. VIII. Of the Forms, Projpetls, Kind;, .and Compartment 
of the Pagan Temples. pá. 21 2. 
CHAP. IX. Of the Form and Proportion of the antient Baji/ica's,
áHalls, Squares, and Places for publick Exercifc.ep. 217. 
CHAP. X. Of the State of Building in Britain. p. 218. 
CHAP. XI. Of the Standard Meafures of the Antients. p. 222. CHAP. XII. The SuMl\IARY and Cor-cL1:s10N. p. 231. 
The Order of the Plates. 
_NO J. is to follow Page 52 2. 3áe60 
68
4á 5á 
6. 72 
j. 8. 9á I O. 1 I. 94 11: 13. 100 
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. l02 22. 23. 106 24. 2 5á 136 
26.e
1 44 
29. 30. 
162 
164 
31. 184 32.e206 33á 34á 208 
35á 36. 2IO 
THE 
THE 
ORIGIN 
0 F 




BUILDING: 
0 R> THE 
PLAGIARISM 
0 F THE 
HEATHENS 
DETECTED. 
BOOK the FIRST. 
Containing an AccouNT 
Of the R1sE ancl l.ROGREss of BUILDING, 
Fro1n the CREATION of the \VoRLD, 
To the Time in which MosEs finifhcd his Tabernacle in the ,v;ldernefs, 

1' H E 
Origin of Building : 
0 R, THE 
Plagiarif m of the Heathens 
DETECTED. 
CH A P. I. 
The INTRODUCTION. 
A
s R.fCHP.S and CAPTIVR. in the (,',Uály Ages of the World were the natural Effe8:s of Conqueft ; fo it foon became a Rule among the People in mofi Nations to employ them upon Works of Building; fometimes in Honour of their Gods; fame.times in Honour of their Kings or Heroes; and therefore ARCHITF-c.TURE was held in fuch high Veneration and Efieem by the Antients; that the greatdl Monarchs of the Eafi made it their chief Study, in order to tranfmit, by fome Noble '\Vork, their Names, their Riches, and their great Atchievements to Pofl:erity . 
. THE Name of Shijhttk, or Sofojlris, King of Egypt, will be ever glorious (a) for the Pillars, Temples, and other Buildings which he erected in his Dominions; as well as that of Pu!, or Ninus, (6) for the fiupendous \iVorks with which he adorned the City of Nineveh. The Empire of the Medes was no fooner fixed, than Deioces (c) built Ecbatana, with .a View to attract the Admiration of the \Vorld, and tnake himfclf adored by the People. Nebuchadnezzar (d) boaftecl that the lvfajefiy of the Ba6ylonian Empire, appear' d in the City of Ba6ylon which he had raifed. Cyrus, the Founder of the Perfan 
(a) Hmd. !, 2, (r) Her.I. l. 5. 
(h) DioJ. Si,. 1. 2. ,. r. (d) D,mitl iv. 30. 
A 2 Empire, 
4 The Origin of Building: Or, The Book I. 
Empire, was no fooner chofen King by his Play-Fellows, than he di.vided,them into feve.ral Orders and Offices, the firO: of which he (e) appointed to be his Builders; and grew fo compleat an Architect him.felf, that, upon his Acceffion to the Throne, he gave the Jm..;s In.f\rucl:ions how to build the Second Temple of Jerujalem. Alexander the Great (fJ erecl:ed divers Cities, as well as fingle Strucl:ures, to fhew the Strength, Power, and Riches of his People, and to be as fo many Nfonmnents cf his Victories: And when Julius Ctefar be.gan to aim at Univerfal Empire, I-Ie, in order-to g-ain the Efteem of the vVorld, and to make himfclf popular, (g) adorned the princi.pnl Cities in Italy, Gaul, Spain, Afta, and Greece, with fplendid Edifices. 
ARCHITECTURE thus becoming the chief Study and Delight of Princes, the mofi renowned in Hifl:ory, we. need not wonder that the People of every Nation 01ou'd endeavour to be thought the Inven.tors of the Rules for building fuch Strnctures as, by their Beauty, at.tracl:ed the Admiration of the intelligent World; and herein the Grecians bore away the Palm from all others; for heing a Peoplenaturally inclined to Ficl:ion, they fo drdfed up their Story of the Origin of the Orders, that the Romans very readily have given the Invention of thofe beautiful Parts to them, as appears by the Writings of Yitrttvius, who thus accounts for the Rife ofBuilding in general,and of Order and Proportion in p.i:_tic.]ar. 
l\tlEN> (h) fays he, in antient Times were born in Woods and Ca.verns, like the Beafrs, and lived therein 011 the natural Produce of the Earth. At length an impetuous áWind happened to arife in a Place where Tre..s grewá very clofe together, which put them into foch Agitation, that the Violence with which they fhuck one an.other, caufed them to take Fire: The V chemencc of the . Flame furprized thofe People that were near it, and made them _run off to fome Difl:ance, till the Tempefi was over ; when taking Cou.rage they drew near the Fire ngain; and finding that a moderate Heat thereof was very beneficial for the Bodies of Nkn, they kept in this Fire with other Wood, brought thither other Men, and bdides, gave them to underfiand what a ufeful thing Fire was. Tims Fire, adds /7itruvius, occafioned lVfen to a!femble, to join in Society -with each other, and to dwell in the fame Placed; and to this End, they began to make for themfelves Huts with Leaves, others dug L_odges in Mountains, while fome, imitating the Indufi of the S7Pa/(ows,
ry 
made, with little Branches of Trees and Pic..-ces of Clay, Places to fhelter themfelves in ; in the doing of which, each one confidere<;i the Work of his Neighbour, ancl not only perfecl:ed his own Inven.tions by the Remarks he made on thofe of others, but every one 
{r) Hml, I. I, (g) Sun. in Jul, C4"jar, c. i 3, (!) Dhd. Sfr. I. 17. c. .. ro, f.9,. \l-) l'i1. I. i, c. 1. 
glorying 
Chap. I. Plagia,.ifm of the Heathe1ts DeteEied. 
. . 
glorying in his own Contrivances, they daily tommlinicatcd to each other whatever they found proper to make them fuccecd in their Buildings, wh_ereby a great Progrefs was daily made iii die goodJ.\,Ianner of erecting Cottages; Jvlan being . Nature teachable and inclined to Imitation. 
THE Rife of Order our Atithor takesá next into Conlideiatioi1, and informs us, that Dorus (i) the Son of Hellen, and of the Nymph Optice; King of Achaia and of all the Peloponnefus, hav.ing formcrly caufed the Temple of Juno to be built in the antient City. of Argos, that Temple was found by CttANCF. to be the Order which we call Dorich; after which, in all the other Cities of Achqia,feveral other Temples were ereckd-of the fame Order, but at that time there ivere no eftablifhed Rules for the Proportions of ARcHITBC'fURE. 
FIT RU VI US proceeds with f11ewing iis how Proportion took its Rife, áand referring to the Age wherein Dbr_us. flourilhed, .or near áait; tells us, That the Athenians, after having" 6:infulredá the Delphitk 
' Oracle, by a common Confent of all Gre.ce, (cnt into Ajia thirtcenaColonies, each having their own Captain> á tinder the general Con.du. of 1on> the Son of Xuthus and Creufa, whom Apollo .X his Oracle had acknowledg' d to be his Son. ¥Ion. bei.g entered Ajia; conqlier'd all Garia, 'and founded thirteef\ 'great Citie"s for the Re.ception of .is People, who-gave theá Country the Name of lonia, from Ion their.Leader;, iná which they built feveral Templ.s átoá the Honour of theá Gods: The firft, which was dedicated to Apol/Q Pa.nionius; was made after the Mannerofthole they had feen in Achaia, and was .for that Reafon call'd Dorick; but as they did not 'know what Diameter was proper to be given to the Coluinns ini:ended for this Temple, to make them foffi.ciently firo11g, to fufiain the Burthen of the Edi6.ce, .nd at the fame time appear agreeable to the Eye, they at. la.ft took thc Meafure of a Man'_s Foot, and áfinding it to be in Length the one Gxth Part of his Height, they fixed on that Pro.portion.á:and:..d inade the Columns fix Times as h.gh as the Diame.
.
ter, the Capital bemg comprehended. And thtis the Dorick Ordetá concludes our Author, was firfi introduced into Edifices, having the Proportion, Strength> and Beauty of the Htinian Body.
.. ' 
. . ' 
SOMETIME. after this, the fame People, P't'truvius tells us, erected the Temple of Diana, and fceking fome new Form that ámight be beautifulá for the Columns of that Structure, they at length gave them áthe ¥flenaendelicate Shape of a Woman's Body, by making the Di.ameter of them\the one eighth Part of their Height: They alfo addedaáI3afes to: thefc áColumns, made in the áManner. of a coiled Rope, to refr:mblc, in fome á1vieafure, the Drefs of the Feet, common in thofcaTimes; they cut Volutes on the Capitals, t-o reprefent that Part ofa
,. ¥ -. -t 
(i) Y;,. !. iá c. 1. 

B "'\iVomens 
The Origin of Building: Or, The /Book L 
Womens Hair which hangs in Ringlets on each Side1of the Face; the Cymatiums and the Pods, they made like their (Hair com'd or feathered up; and they fluted the Front of the Shafts, to imitate, in fomc Degree, the Pia.its of a lvfatron's Robe. Thus they invented thefe two Species of Columns, the one imitating the naked, neg.lected Simplicity of a Man's Body; and the other the Delicacy and Ornaments of a Woman's. The Architecl:s which focceed<.,-d to thefe £rfl:, and who grew more refined in their Judgments, greatly ap.proving the Delicacy of the fmaller Columns, gave feven Diameters to the Dorick, and eight and a half to the lonick, on which tbey im.pofed that Name, becaufe the Ionians had been the Inventors of it. 
THF. Third Order of Co1_umns, our Author informs us, is called Corinthian, and reprcfents the airy Structure of a young Girl, to which Structure that tender Age gives all the Advantage of Shape, and makes it more capable of Ornament to add to its natural Beauty. The Invention of its Capital he attribute;; to this AccIDENT, A young Virgin of Corinth, faith he, dying when fhe was upon the Point of Marriage, her Nurfe placed upon her Tomb, in a Bafket, fome finall Vafcs wbicb the Girl had valued in her Life-time; and that they might continue the longer without receiving any Injuryfrom the Weather, lhe covered the Bafk:ct with a Tyle, which, by CHANCE, ivas placed on tbe Roots of a Plant of Acanthus. In the following Spring, when the Leaves and Flower-Stalks began to fhoot, the Bafket forced the Leaves along it" Sides, which when they crune to the Tyle were forced down again at their Extremities, by which 
they fon,ncd the Sweeps of the Voluccs. The Sculptor Callimachus, whom the Athenians called Catatech,ros, becaufe of the great Subtility and Dclicatenefs with which he cut Marble, paffing by the Tomb, faw the Bafket, and after what lvfanner the growing Plant had en.compatTed it, that new Form gave him infinite Pleafure; and he not only imitated the Manner of it in the Columns he afterwards made at Corinth, but efl:ablifhed, and fixed nn that very lvf odd, the Propor.tions of the Corinthian Order, making tbe Height of the Capital one Diameter of the Column at Bottom. 
Tnus far. f/it1áuvius on the Origin of Building, as well on the Rife, Progrefs and Perfoc1:ion nf the Orders of ArchiteElure. His Account, he fays, was (/4) col1ecl:ed from the Writings of the moil: celebrated Architecl:s of Greece ; as Theodorus, who wrote of the Dorick Tem.ple of Juno at Samos ; Ctejiphon and Metagenes, who explained the lonick Temple of Diana at Ephejits; Phi/eqs, who wrote of the lonick Temple of 111incrva at Priene; J[h'nus and Carpion who defcribed
,the Dorick Temple of Jv/inerva, in the Citadel at Athens; Theodorus 
a Phocean, who explained the Tholus (l) or Roof of the Temple at 
(k) 1''!1. P,efact to l. 7. sp;,,,h,mu, an Architell of Corin1!,, bu; the Roof wa9 
(/) The Tcmp:e of Delp/,., being bum: in the firft pcrfetled by 'll,roJm,.,. Vide Fik6i,o's Li.cs of cbe Year of the 58th Olympiad, tlte Walls were rebuilt by Ar(hiceas, p. tf.l. 
Delphos; 
Chap. I. Plagiarifm of the i-Ieathens beteE!ed. 
Delphos; Philo, ,vho treated of the Proportions of Tempics, and of the Arfcnal which was built in the !-!arbour of Pireus; Hermogenes,awho wrote of the Pfeudo-Dipterick Temple of Diana, of the lonickaOrder, at Magnefia, and of the Monopterick Temple of Bacchz.s at Teos; Arge!itts, who defcribed the Corinthian Proportions and the lonick Temple of .IE[cu!apius at Tralles; and Satyrus and Phyteus,who wrote of the Maufo!eum. Our Author likcwife compiled his Account from the Writings of the lefs eminent among the GrecianaArchitecl-s, as Nexaris, Theocydes, Demophilos, Pol/is, Leonides, Si.
/anion, Jl,felampus, Sarnacus, and Euphranor, who all wrote of the Prcepts and Proportions of ArchiteE!ure; and in the Performance of his elaborate Work he fo well focceeded, that his Books are the only ones on ArchiteE!ure which have been tranfmitted down to Po.fierity; they have been a Guide to all our 1\!Iodern Writers oná the Subject of Building ; and he himfdf hath obtained, by thofe Books, the Name of, The FATHER OF ARCHITECTURE. 
THE CHANCE or FORTUNE which fuperintended the Rife of every Thing curious in Archite[/ure, as above, was, under all its Ap.pellations, dl:cemed by the Antients as a DIVINE PowER, (m) and' no lefs than GOD alone. And indeed if we examine into the Writ.ings of the moft eminent Authors of antient Hiftory, as well Sacred as Profane, ,ve fhall find them all confefs, that the Knowledge our Ancdl:ors firfl: had in Arts' and Sciences, was given them immediatelyaby GO D. An<l therefore tho' Pitruvius lays it down as a Principle,that Mankind are 6y Nature teachable, and inclined to 'Imitation, he 
has ncverthelefs declared, they were above á fhrce Thoufand Years before they, even by CHANcE, did any thing worthy to be recorded, and that many Centuries pafs'd before another Step was taken to.wards Perfecl-ion in their Works of ArchiteE!ure ; for Hellen ( n) flourilbed in the Year One Thoufand and Forty-Three before Chrifl,aCal!imachus became eminent in the (o) Sixtieth Olympiad, and had for his Contemporary Ctejiphon, (p) the firfi Architetl: of the 7'empleaof Diana, and confequently the Inventor of the Ionic!.. Order; fo that from the Time of the Rife of the Orders under Dorus the Son of Hellen, to their Perfection under Callimachus, fuppo:G.ngHellen to reign twenty Years, and Dorus to build his T'emple imme.diately after his coming to the Throne, was jufl: four hundred and 
eighty-fix Years. 
THIS Account, which Fitruvius has collected, however fpeciouse-it may appear from its remaining :fl:ill, in a great Meafore, uncontro.verted, hasá its Foundation in the HoLv ScRrPTURES, for therein wee{hall find it moft expreilly declared, that Mankind at fidl dwelt in ae
(q) 
Garden of Tre.s, quited the Place of their original Abode thro' ane

(m) 
Plin, ). 27. c. 3. &,. &(. &,.e(p) l/.of/;n o. the Arts .n<I :ii'.tnces, "ol.eJ, p. r38.

(n) 
Nr<w. Chro. p. 14. (f) Gen, ii. 9.


(¥) Fi/ebitn'¥ Lives of uie Ar.i1, p. a:t, 
impetuous 
The Orig.if! of Building,: Or, T.e Book I. 
(r) impetuous Wind, was kept out of it by the (s) Fire that enfued thate\!Vind, in the third Generation began to build Huts to dwell ia, andethat it was above two thoufand five hundred Years before they hadeany Idea of Order in Building, the firll: Structure that is mentionedeby the Sacred \Yriters to be erected with Pilla.s being the 'l.abernade built by Mofes in the Wilderncfs by the Directions of GOD ; afterewhich the Heathens began to erect Temples to their Idols; for weeread of divers of them fubfe(ptent to the 1'abernacle, but not of oneebefore it; and tho' by this Structure the Form of Order was intro.duced into the World, yet we don't find that the Pillars in it wereemade according to any of thofe Propartions which were afterwardseefiablifhed for thefe effential Parts of a beautiful Building.e
IMMEDIATELY after the Completion of the Tabernacle, Mifes {t) marflrnlled the whole Body of the Ifraelites into five Camps; Him.felf as General, with Aaron his Brother, and Aaron's Sons pitched their Tents before the Eafi Front of that Edifice; the rell: of the Tribe of Levi encamped facing the North, S<mth, and Weft Parts of the fame StruB:ure, and had Eleazar for their Captain. The rdl of the People formed four detached Camps; namelyethe Camp of. Judah, the Camp of Rueben, the Camp of Ephraim, > and the Campáof Dan. The firfi of thefe Camps conGfl:ed of the Tribes of Judah, Ij]acbar, and Zebtt!tm, and was fo placed as to face the Eafi: Front of the Tabernacle; the feco.1d contain'd the Tribes of Rueben, Simeon, and Gad, and was ftation'd fronting the South Side of the Taber. nade; the third comprehended the Tribc:s of Ephraim, il1anaffeb,
and Benjamin, ,Ind w,. .. hxed over :1g:1inlt-tltc North Side of the Ta.bernacle; and the fourth included the Tribes of Dan, Afaer, and Naphtali; and made the Rear of the whole Army, being placed at the \Veit End of the Tabernacle: Every Tribe had its own properCaptain; fo th'at there were thirteen Captains over the whole Body of the People, \vith Mofes for their General. 
THE People. thus difpoicd, J'.lofu, after confolting GOD, began to march with them towards the Land of Canaan, and was fucceeded in the general Command by Jojhua; who being entered Canaan,foon conquer'd it; th:; People built themfelves feveral Cities to dwell in; and when they were ell:ablifhed in Peace, they erected <livers Temples ; the firfi, which was built by King Solomon, and dedicated to GOD, \Vas made after the l\.1anner of the Tabernacle ; and fome of the Pillars in that Temple were fix Times their Diameter in Height; for 'a Line of twelve Cubits did encompafs either of thofe in the Porch .about, and each Pillar, .the Capital comprehended, wai. twenty-three Cubits high, of which the Lilly Work of the Capital 
(r) Gm. iii. 7. A, ,h, :Vfo1ior.s of the Spiric r.re. in Wilderncfs; fo power(¥! the Pfalmill, Pf. lO<i.>;. s.' 7, $. 
Holy Scripcum, fet forih by Wind, chi¥ m,1y be wdl <lcclaces che Voice ofihc Lo"110 be. 
Jeei:n'J impcceou,, w!,,,n l\hn had fo ltiihly oflcnded 
GOD: His Voice mutl: chen brc,k che Cedars, divide (,) Gu,. iii. i4. 
the Flam., of fire, i. e. the l.ight.ing, ar.d lhalte the (t) Nnmb. ii, 3. 
was 
Chap. I. P Ja,giar1f m of the Heathens Detecled. 
was four Cubits, or very near one Diameter of the Pillar: And thus Order was not only reduced to a certain Proportion, but all the Orders were brought to their Perfection after the Space of Four Hun.dred and Eighty-Six Years and a Half, fi-0111 their fi.r(l Introduction into Edifices; this being the exaa Pcr1od hetween the Time in which Mrfes built the Tabernacle, and the Completion of the Temj>le by King Solomon. 
THus far Sacred Hifrory on the Origin of Building, as well as on the Rife, Progrefs and Perfection of the Orders of Architeclure. Vie will now fee how thefe two Accounts !land when fairly fl:ated together. 
17 ITRUF IUS tells us, That Nkn at firfl: were born in Woods and Caverns, like the Beafis, and lived therein on the Fruits of the Earth. 
P'ITR U /71 US fays> That an impetuous \.Vind happening to a rife, it pufhe<l tbe Trees in a cer.tain Wood with fuch Violence a.gainfl one anotherothat by their Friaion they took > Fire; which drove Mankind out from amongtl: them : This ácaufcd Men to af.femble together, to live in the fame Place, and to rnake Huts to dwell in ; Jome ¥with Leaves, o.thers with Branches of Trees and Pieces of Clay ; while fornc dug Lodges in the Mountains. 
ác 
JW. 0 SES tells us, That after yoo had created Nianohe plant.
> 
ed a Garden with many .Trees in itoand therein placed him to drds > it .:.nd to keep it, givinghim for his Sufl:enance every green Herb, and the Fruit of cv. cry Tree but that of the Know.ledge of Good and Evil. 
MOSES fays> That :Man hav.ing difobey'd Gor:'s Commands, his Nature was in.fl:andy chang'd; as foon as he found it, he covered hi11ifelf with Leaves; and when he heard the Voice and Motion of his Maker, i. e. an irnpetuousWind> attended with Thunder and Lightning, be hid himfclf under the Trees; Gon infiantlydrove him out of the Garden of Eden, and placed Cheruhims with Barning Swords at the Eaft End thereofoto prevent his Accefs to
> the Tree of Life> and therebymake his ne\v State immortal. After this, when Adam had a Grandchild bon1, his S011 Cain, 
.vho had taken up his Abode in Obfcurity in a fhange Land, which he called Nod, in Allu.fion to his Vagabond State, be.gan to build Huts for his Fami.ly to dwell together in one col.kcl:ed Body. 
YI.
10 The (Jrigin of Building: Or, The Book I. 
PITRUPIUS adds, When Nfen were a{fembled, and had in.vented many Things concerning the good Manner of buildingCottages, each one gloried in his own Performance, and commu.nicated to his Neighbour the Knowledge he had attained. 
/7ITRU/71US goes on with telling us, that Dorus having built a Temple in the antient City of Argos, that Temple was found byCH A N c E to be of the Order which was afterwards call'd Do.rick; after which feveral other Temples were erected of the fame Order in the neighbo11ring Cities, but at that Time there were no Rules obfcrved for the Proportions of ArchiteBure. The Form of this firfl Specimen was afterwards copied in a Temple built in ano.ther Country, when entirely con.quered by the PeopJe of thirteen Colonies, each having their own Captain, under the general Con.duct of one Leacling Man ; and the Pillars were then adjufl:ed af.ter Proportions taken from the Human Bor.ly. 
THE lonians b:1iit themfclves hew Cities in Garia after their Conqudl: of that Country. 
THE Corinthitm Capital, ac.cording to /7itruvius, was equaliu Height to the Diameter of the 
Column. 
TnE Time betwec11 the Rife of áorder under Dortts, and its Pcr.feclion under Callivuichus, ac.cording to Profane Hil1:ory, a.

mounts 
MOSES adds, That Cain's Family thus living together, in.vented many Arts : At lengththey unitt:d with the rdl: of the \Vorld, and fo the People in common built the Ark. 
Jl,fOS ES goes on with tell.ing us, T'hat he built a Taberna.cle bv the Direction of Goo, with many Pillars in it; and though he dcfcribcs the Proportion of al.moft every Thing, fays nothing as to the Dimenfions of the Pil.lars ; after which the Phili}Jines and other neighbouring People ereu:cd Temples in Imitation of it. The Form of this firfi: Spe.cimen was afterwards copiedin a Temple, built in another Country, when entirely conquer'd by the People contained in the Twelve Tribes of lfrae!, and the Levites, making thirteen Colorues, each having their own Captain, under the General Conduct of one Leading Man ; and the Ptl.lars were then adjufied by Pro.portions agreeing with fome in the Human Body. 
THL': lfraelites built themtelves new Cities in Canaan after their Conqadl of that Country. 
T11E Capitals of the Brazen Pillars in the Porch of Solomon's Temple, were each four Cubits high in Lilly-Work, which was very near the Diameter of thofc Pillars. 
THE Time between the Rife of Order in the Structure of the 'Ta6ernacle built by Mofes, and its Perfection in the Temple erected 
by 



Chap. II. Plag,iarif m of the Heathens Detecled. t t 
amounts to Four Hundred and by King Solomon, accbrding t6 
Eighty-Six Years. Sacred HiO:ory, amounts to Four Hundred and Eighty-Six Years and a half. 
Now fince Yitrttvius attributes the Rife of Building to CHANCE, which undc;r all its Appellations was efl:eemed by the Ailtients to be no lcfs than Goo alone; and fince his Account, frorn whatever Au.thors collected, agrees with what is contained in the Writings of Mofes, and the fuccccding Penmen of the Ho L Y Sc R J PT u R E s ; and fi nee the mofi eminent Authors of Antient Hiflory, in many Inllances, own, that the Knowledge our Anceftors firft had in Arts and Sciences, wasgiven them immediately by Go D; we purpofe, in the follov:ingSheets, not only to weigh and confider, the Origin, Progrefs, and Perfection of Building, fo as to make an Account thereof confi.fient with Sacred Hiftory, with the Confeffion of the Anticnts, with the Courfe of great Events in all Parts of the World, and with itfdf; but, from Time to Time, to point out the Plagiarifin .f the Fleathens; and then, to fhew, that the Dignityto which ArchiteElure was rais'd by the Grandeur of the Egyptian, the Ajfyrian, the i'vledian, the Ba/Jylonian, the Perjian, the Grecian, and the Roman Empires, was not comparable to the Lujháe with which it tirlt iliined in the Sacred Works of the Jews. 
C H A P. II. 
Of the R1sE of Bu1LDING. 
T
H E rnofl: certain, plain, and probable Account, that can be gathered of the Rife of Building, feems to be from the Sacred Text, wherein Mofes tells us, it happened imme.diately after the Birth of Enoch, for as foon as Cain's 1,Vjfe bore him that Child, Cain, who before dwelt at large in the Land of Nod, made Choice of a certain Place in that Land for the future Abode of Himfelf and Family; and in Token of this Regulation of his Affa.irs, He not only named his Son Enoch, which fignifi.cs difciplincd and well regulated, but (a) built a City, and called it by the fame Name; 'tilt then the Mofaic Hifl:ory is !ilent, as to the Habitations of l\1ankind, tho' it treats particularly of their Food, of their Cloathiog, and of their Manner of Life. 
THE Rife of Building being thus afcertained by Sacred Hiftory, we may very fafely hx its Commencement with the Beginning of the 
(a) G,., i¥. 17. 
Third 
12 The Origin of Building: Or; The .Book I. 
' 
Third Generario11 of the World, when only three Male Perfons were 
in it, infh:ad of drawing Conje&m.-s of its Origin fro,n .he unccr-' rain Accounts of Profane \V ritcrs. 
How uncertain thofe Accounts are, tho' collecred by the mofi Au.thentick Naturali{h. and Hifl.ori.ans of Antiquity, will nppear from what Diodortts Sicu/us (b) has delivered undt:r this Head: !Vien, fay the Na-.turalifis and Hifl:orians, at firfl: led a rude and brutifh fort of Life, wandered up and down in the Fields, and fed upon Herbs and the na.tural Fruit of the Trees, being as yet Naked, without Floufes, and un.acquainted with the Ufc of Fire. Thofc Men having no Idea oflaying up their Food, nor Barns or Granaries where to depofite the Fruits of the Earth, many thro' Hunger and Coid perif11ed in the Winter: But, being in Frocefs of Time taught to provide for themfelves, they fled into Caves in the Autumn, and laid up fuch Fruic; as were proper for their Nourifhment and Support: Coming afterwards by Degrees to the Knowlege of the Ufefulnefo of Fire, and of other Conveniences, theybegan to invent many Arts, and fuch Things as were further ufeful and beneficial to Mankind. 
Tuus> from Sacred and Profane I-Iifl:ory it appears, that l\tfankind had no artificial Place of Dwelling in peculiar to thefr Nature, (c) as the Birds have> and that their Reafon and Knowledge for manyAges extended no further then jufl: to enable them to provide for themfelves the common Neceffaries of Life. 
As the I-Iabitations peculiar to the People of the Eafl: , in the firfl: Ages of the World had the Appellation given them of Nejls, fo it feems more than probable, that Cain took _the Idea of Building from the wonderful Contrivance of Nature in the \Yorks of the Birds, and that Enos gave his Son the Name of Cainan, fignifying the Builder of a 1V.j}, when he copied Cain's Huts in order to preferve the Me.mory of his 13uiiding. 
TH1',T the firfl: Builders formed thdr Houfes in Imit1.tion of the Birds Nej}s is attc!l:ed by many, and rarticularly by Democritus> who moll cxprefily declares that Ivfen originally imitated the Swa/10"'.vs, and formed themfckcs Huts to dwell in, in Refemblance of their JVejls; IJe is followed by Yitrttvius, and their Opinions are confi1m' d by Ge//ius, who is laflly approved by PliJ'fY, in his Recital of what he has faid undt.:r this Head, namdy, that (d) Doxius, the Son of Crelus, devifatl the firfJ Houfes that were made of Earth and Clay, taking his Pattern from r.1artins and Swallows Nefls. 
."/,} Lil,. i. r. 1. Stick, with all th, other l\'"eJls of the fame SpÇ=¥"á It 
(r) wi,,., c,i, w¥ c:,ll the l'tinciple \t'ruch dircflsnc,mnot be ReÇfa,:; for were Anim:,ls inJucd with jc 10 every dift'crcnt Kind of n:rd tu oblcnác a particult1.r P!al'). ¥¥ngreat a Degree as Man, their Buildings would be asnin the Stru8ure of irs Nd., am! di,eCts nH of the fame diffi:rc.:nt as oun, according to the different Com¥cnicnoesnSrccies to wor'< ::f:ec the fame Mo.el? It cannot be lmi-that they would propofc to themfe!ves.-S;rt1.1&r, 1n:i¥11; for though you hatch a Crow under a lien, and No. 1:0.nnever let it fee any of !he Works of its own Kind, the (d)nNin. J. ;. c. 56.n;'\ell it makes Illa.II be the fame, to the laying of a 
Now 
Chap. III. Plagiarifm of the Heathens DeteBetl. 13 
Now if we take that Sort of Hut which was made with Poles fct in a Circular Manner ar Bottom, and meeting together at the Top in the Manner of a Cone or Sugar Loaf, with Sods of Turf, or Pieces of Clay put round about them to keep out the Wind and Weather, it will not only refemble the Form of a S'lx,Jaf/(}w's lVejl, but appear to be the moll: antient and ltniverfal Cottage defcribed by \Vriters on this Subject; and of this Kind we may fuppofe thofc Huts to have been, of which the City of Enoch at firfl: confified. 
FRoM the Place of Man's firll: Abode, as well as from his firft Effay in Building, we may collecl: two Principles of Architeilure; the one regarding the Shelter, theá other the Security of his Perfon. The Firft received its Origin at the Time of the fall, when !\.-fan, a!hamed of his Difobedience, fi:reenecl him/elf under Trees; the Se.cond took its Birth in the Third Gent:ration, when Caiil, in fear of Reprifals for the Murder of his Brother Abel, built Huts to keep his Famify in one collef!ed Boc(y, thereby to enahle him to prevent the other Part of_ the Iffue of Adam from taking that Vengeance upon him which the Nature of his Crime deferved. Convenience of Shelter was therefore tbe Firfl Principle of Architef!ure, and Strength the Seco11d: Dreadful Effects of Difobedience to G O D ! 

C H A P. III. 
Of the PROGRESS of BuILDING, from 
its Introduction by Cain till Noah be-.
gan the ARI(. 
T
HAT Cain's Ddign in Building was to keep his Pofl:eritytogether for his Defence is very clear, not only front his diftinguiihing his Son and City by the Name of Enoch, to fhow the Dicipline and Regulation of his Family, but from his calling his Grandfo.n !rad, a Name which denotes an Heap ofEmpire: And therefore as the Fugitive Race of this 1-fan encreafcd, one may fuppofc they formed their new Huts more fhong and raore commodj.ous than at Firfl:, and fo made them after that general Manner de.fcribed by antient Authors; wherein Forked Sticks were fet upright in the Ground, with Poles laid upon them, and reverfed both vVays fo as to make a Covering, and the Intervals interlaced with Boughs, Reeds, or Straw, and then plaifl:cred with Clay, or fuch like Mate.rials; becaufc the Skeleton of this Kind of Cottage when covered with Skins, or Cloths, forms a Tent, of which the Dcfcendcnts of Cain were the Inventors. 
D 
The Origin ofá Building: Or, The Book-I. 
'fH1> Condition of Cain's Family upon their Encreafe will befl: ap.pear by an Etymological Enquiry into their proper Names, and as Meh11iael fignifics /mitten of GOD, Methufael fallicitous for Death, and Lamech Poor and L0'1.v; fo one may look upon Cain\ Family for Five Generations as firuggling with extream Poverty ; but when Lmnech had his three Sons Jabal, Jttbal, and Tubal-Cain bom, he conceived Hopes, at the Birth of every one of them, of feeing better Days; all thefe Names denoting Produce and wordly Pojf ejfion. 
AccORDl.GLY 111ofas tell us, (a) That 'I'ubal-Cain invented the Smiths and Founders Art, which enabled him to make Infhuments for .Nfen to labo1.1r and work with ; the good Effe& of this ap.peared in the next Generation; for the Sons of his Brother Ja6al contrived moveable Tents, and applied themfelves to the keeping of Cattle in fuch Pbces as were convenient for Pafturage; at the fame Time the Sons of his other Brother Juba/ fiudied Mufick, and in.vented the Harp and Organ. Contemporary with the Sons of Jabal and Jttbal, were Lamech and his Brothers, the Sons of Methufelah, in the Ninth Generation from Adam by his Son Seth, as appears by 
the following Table. 
1 Adam. 
r---------A-----------, 
2 Cain. 2 Seth. 
3 Enoch. 3 Enos. 
4 lrad. 4-Cainan 
5 Mehujael. á 5 Mahala/eel.
6 Methufael. 6 Jared.a
7 Lamech. 7 Enoch.a
8 Methtifelah.
8 J blJ_b,l'I'z h l C. _---,
a a , tt a , u a -am.a
9 Lamech.
9 Sons of Jabal and Juba!. 
10 Noah. 
IF we confider the State of Seth's Family from the Names of each Defeent, we fhall find that Seth looked 1.1pon himfelf as a mortal JWan fit!! of Difeafes in Body and Mind ; and therefore from thefo lowhThoughts named his Son Enos, which implies all thefe Things. Enos obferving the Policy of Cain, began to build for the Accommodation of his Family, and fo called his Son by the Name of Cainan, (6) 
(n)o
Gm, iv. tz, Science it fclf !hou'd be lo!\ for wane of a 'Record. San¥ 

(b) 
'l'h,i rhe Sons of Seth were Builders, a;,pcorso,b,.iarl,,,,, in copying Mefds Account of the Tranfoai.from J,faphu:, who tells us fo his Au. I. 1. c. 3. That ons of the full ten Generations, has mani.fily tranfpofed ,hef.: People were rhe f:r(l rhor m:1<!c their Obfcrv:11ions the Works and Inventions of the Younger Line to rhe upon the Motions of the He.wens, rhe Courfes .nd lnRu.Elder Line ; for when the Elder Family gra(p'd Co much ences of the SLlrs; and having been foretold by Adam at Empire_, as the Name of ln:ul impons, or in Sa,uhb¥ of an Univerfal Deluge-, :1.n<t Confbg1áation to comt\ rhey niaths¥'s Exprellion, when tho(eizc<I on whole Moun.


ey ,roll. two Pillars, one of Rricl<, the oche, of Stone, tains co enlarge their Poffeflions, Encs beg,n to build ; whkh. rhey were fore would be Proof, one or other of his Work b.ame a fifth remarkable Tunfaflion of the them, againt\ either l'ire or Water. Upon the(e Pillars, People of the firft Ages, :u,d his Name was tranfpofod co 
¥dds J,jiplm1, they ong,avcxl the Memori.ls of theiroJi;pji,ranin, in Sandm,iarh,n's Cac,logue, where he.Difco,1eries and J nventions., there to remaln for rhe Dc.llands :>S tlie Inventor of Hut, made ofRecxls ,nd Rutlles ueJit of 1\i;cs 10 come; and lc.I\ tb.e Tl'adition of 1lieoin the .(eh. Generation. 
fignifying 
Chap. III. Plagiarif m of the HeathensáDete[/ed. I e; 
fignifying the Builder of a Nefi. Cainan was eminent for his Piety, and therefore named his Son Mahala/eel. Mahala/eel was the trueeDefcendent of his Father, and had fuch an high Idea of GOD, that as foon as he had a Son born, he dedicated him to, GOD, and calledehim Enoch, a Name implying his Dedication. 
ENOCH' s naming his Son Methiifelah, iliewed á the Notion heehad of his own Triumph over Death, which that Name implies; buteMethufelah did not tread in his Father's Steps, but foon became meaneand abject in his Opinion of Things, and as fuch named his fidl: Son Lamech; whofe Brothers obferving how GOD had profpered theeFamily of Cain, in giving them a numerous Hfue, Cattle in áAbun.dance, and in making them the Inventors of fo many curious Arts; thefe Reflections, and the exquijite Beauty of their Females, made áthemefoon grow defirous of uniting with them ; but their firfi Step towardsethis Union was, by forcibly taking the fairefl: of their Women foreWives; which they might very eafily-have done, fince the Manner of Cain in dwelling together in fixed Habitations, was alter' d, andehis Poflerity, in the Ninth Generation of the World, lived promif.cuoufly in moveable Tents. 
THIS Act of Violence alarmed the old People, the Wonien ef pe.cially, who apprehended nothing lefs than Death and Defiruc9:ion : 
But Lamech, the Seventh in Genealogy from Adam by Cain, callede
his Wives to him, and thus endeavour'd to remove their Fears: 
Have I, fays he, Jlain a Man to incur the :Judgment of GOD, and to make Atonement with the Lofs of vry own Life ? You know, continuesehe, the Blood of our Ance.flor Cain was to be avenged Jeven Fold on whoever jhould kill him for the Murder of his Brother Abel: Now far me, who am quite innocent of fuch an heinous Crime, to be de.ftroyed, will inevitably draw down the Judgment of GOD on my Murderers, and Vengeance will be taken on them Jeventy and Jeven Fold for it. 
With thefe and the like Arguments, he allay'd their Fear; and in a fhort Time both Families feem to have been perfellly united; and in that Manner they continued till the Hfue of thefe Marriages grew up to Manhood. Then Mofes (c) defcribes them as fl:riving for Do.minion and Power, each one endeavouring to be Lord over the other till they had corrupted the whole Earth with their Violence, till theyhad raifed to themfelves the Names of Mi;ty Men, and till they hadeincurr' d G OD' s Determination to ext.ate and deflroy them aftereOne Hundred and Twenty Years fhould be expired. 
(c) Gen. vi. 4. 
CHAP. IV. 
7he Orig/n of Building,: Or, The Book I. 



C H A P. IV. 
Of Noah's AR 1c, and the DELUGE. 
W
HEN the Antediluvian World was growing near its Pe.riod, GOD direc\:ed Noah to (a) make an Ark of Go.pher Wood Three Hundred Cubits in Length, Fifty in Breadth, and Thirty in Heighth. This Vdfel He order'd him to rub ove_r with Pitch both Infide and Outfi.de, to divide it into Lower, Second, and Third Stories; to fubdivide every Story into Rooms, or Nefls, and to place a Door in the Side, with a Window above in the Space of a Cubit. In which Ark He promife<l to preferve him and his Family, with fome of all the other Creatures, from the Deluge, to propagate their refpec\:ive Species in a new World. 
THE Area of the three Stories of this fh1pcn'dous Strucl:ure was near two Acres and a half; when immerfed in Water to half its Height, it would force away about Five and Twenty 'fhoufand Tun of that Fluid; and therefore mufl be of a Burden and Capacity fof.ficient for what was to be prefcrved and contained therein, as Monf. Lamy and other modern Writers have very dearly demonfl:rated. The .1efiion that will naturally arife here, is, How fuch a Work could be performed in an Age fo early, when even now, the makino.fo large a Veffel would be a 1\1iraclc? To this Mefes has fornifhed us with a very foll and effectual Anfwer: For previous to the Build.ing of this Ark, he acquaints us, That GOD ordained that fuch mechanical Arts as fhould be necdfary for the J\ccomplil11m.ent of it, fhould be inve11ted: To which End Tuhal-Cain inll:rncl:ed manyPeople how to work in Brafs aad Iron:; and the Sons of his Drother Jabal contrived Tents for the People to dwell in ; whereby the Bufi.nefs of a Smith, as well as that of a Carpenter, was made familiar by the Time Noah wanted Hands to begin the Ark: Which Ark Noah fee about when a general Amity among the People fc..-cm'd to have been dlablifhed, and when thofe People: feem'd to have had Regard to nothing but their Luxury: For (b) in this Condition the Flood came and de!lroyed chem, after JVoab had happily accompli!hed the Ark, and focurcd Himfclf and fuch others within it as GOD di.rected to be preferve<l. 
T1-1 E Deluge hegan about four Years, one Month, and fixteeu Days, after the Death of Lamech, the Father of Noah, ( c) upon the 
(a) Gen. vi. r 4. (<) Gm. vii. 11. 
(h) Matt. xxiv. 3i. 

Chap. IV. P!agiarif m of the 1-IeathenJ beteEled. t1 
feventeenth Day of the Second Month, in the Six Hundredth Year' of Noah's Age, and in the One Thoufand Six Hundredth a11d Fifty.:fixth Year of the ,vodd; for GOD upon that Day caufed all the Fountains of the great Deep to break up, and the Windows of HcaverI to open, fo that it rained incdlantly for forty Days and forty Nights; and the \\Taters prevailing on the Earth foon bore lip thc Ark, de.fl:royed every living Creature, and, in (d) Onc Hundred and Fifty Days, increafed above, the highefl: Hills full (e) fifteen Cubits. The Ark thus borne up, floated upon the Surface of the Watcrs, till th6 fcvcntcenth Day of the Seventh Nfonth, and then it reO:ed on the (/) Jvfountains of Ararat; which fcems to imply, that it drevv hfteen Cubits of Water, or very near it, bccaufe two Days after this, on the nineteenth Day of the Seventh Month, the Flood b<-,gan to abate. 
THE Waters were one hundred and fifty Days returning off the Earth; for Noah, upon thc three hundredth and ninth Day after his going into thc Ark, removed the Covering of it, and (g) beheld the dry Ground, which happened. dght Days after the Dove had brought him in an Olivc Leaf. 
WHEN, the Earth was perfcll:ly dryed, G OD directed Noah to come out of the Ark with his Family, and all that were in it ... Thefe Orders ,vere given him uponá the twenty-feventh Day of the Second Month, in the (h) fix hundredth and firfl: Year of his Age: So thatá from the Time of his going into the Ark, to the Time of his coming out, was thr<--e hundred, and fixty-five Days, prefuming that the Months then in Ufe were Civil Lunar ones confifiing of (i) thirty,.and twenty-nine Days, alternately : And thcrcfore the Product of the Earth, that was ddhoyed by the Deluge, was propagatc<l againafter the Flood, at the very fame Scafon in which the Courfe of Nature was fiop'd before it. 
. IT is not improbable, but from this Account the Egyptians fettled their Solar Year at three hundred and !ixty-fi.ve Days; that Revolu.tion of Time, according to Herodottts, (k} being afcertained by them, which Sir Jfaac iYewton fays { /} was done in the Reign of A1mnon; who was Cotemporary with King David. 
IT n\ay not be improper in this Place toá obferve, that Methefelah mufi have been defiroy'd by the De!ttge; for he was born (111) in the Six Hundrcdth and Eighty.Seventh Year of the World, two hundrcd and forty-three Years before the Death of Adam, and he died (n) in the nine hundrcdth and fixty-ninth Year of his Age ; confequently in 
(d) 
Gen, vii. !4. (,n} AJmn beg., S,1h ,t 130, S,rl, :Xgat Em," 105,

(t) 
lb, vii. 20. E11P1 bC'gat Cuintm at 2., C"inaJr beg:\t 114ab,dtdttl at {/) lh, viii, 4, jO, M11h11l11/,,J bcgat 7 nr,J at 65, JaJ'td beg:,1 Jin.,b jg) lb, viu, 13. .t 1 6z, and £n.rb begat M,1buft/1<h at 65, All which 

(h) 
lb. viii. 14. Numbers ¥dded together make 687, the Yeor of the {,) See La"'>'' lntrod. I, 1. c, S.World in which M,1buftlab was born, G111, v, 3, to z:, (l) !. 2, M G/11, V, 27. 


_(I) Nt¥wt, Ch:o, p, 79, 
E the 
18 The ()rigin of Building,: Or, The Book I. 
the One Thoufand Six Hundredth and Fifty-Sixth Year of the World, and in that very Year in which the Flood was upon the Earth. Therefore 111etbufelah did not live to fee the Years of his Life compleat, as others in the Line of the Patriarchs did, but was cut off by the DELUGE with the ref!: of !Yfaokind, as a Token of GO D's Dilplcafore for His Diffidence in His Mercies; if we may form a Judgment of Methufelah's Idea of Things by his giving his Son the Name of La111ech, a Name which implies a Difi.ruft of the Divine Goodncfs in providing for Him. 
C H A P. V. 
Of the PROGRESS of Bu1tnrNG, from the DEL uGE till the Confufion ofLanguages. 
A
S foon as Noah came out of the Ark, he (a) !milt an Altar to GOD, which was the firfi that ever was erecl:ed, and . of which any Mention is made in Scripture; He then took of every clean Beafi, as well as of every clean Fowl, and offered a whole Burnt Offering thereon, áfor the Great Deliverance of Him.felf and Family from the Deluge: G OD then ble:ffed him and hisrSons ; He promifed that they fhould be fruitful, and commanded them to replenijh the Earth. 
WHEN Noah had made an End of his Offerings to G OD, 11e be.gan to be an Hulbandman; and as his Family grew up, he 1nfirucl:.ed them in the Manner of cultivating the Ground. At length, when they \Vere encrea.fed to a confiderable Number, he direcl:ed the Iffue of his Sons to feparate, and every one to take a different Parcel of Land to improve for the Maintenance of his own Family, in order to replenijh the Earth, as G O D had exprefl1y commanded them to do. 
AccoRDJNCLy we find that the whole Male Iffue of Noah's three Sons, together with their Wives and Female Children, (b) departed from the Eafl:ward, and travelled into the Land of Shinar, where they found a mofi beautiful and fertile Plain, whofe natural Pro.duce was (c) two hundred, and fometimes three hundred Fold; its Soil was proper for Bricks, and it yielded a Slime that was .fit for Mortar. 
(a) Gm. vi.ii. 20, (r) Hutx!, I. t. -(l) JI. xi. "'á 
Chap. V. Plag,iarifm of the Heathens DeteEled. tp 
AT the Time of this Migration all Mankind were of (d) one Lan.guage, and of one Speech: By which we apprehend that they Wor.lhiped G O D in the fame Manner according to the Example and Infiruction of Noah, who undoubtedly imprinted on the :r,..1inds of his Ofl:spring the Hope of a full Redemption, by ( e) the Seed of the l/l'oman, from the Sin brought upon the Human Species by the Tranfgreffion of our Fir!l: Parents, who(e Difobedienc<: not only made them fobjecl: to Death and Difeaf es, but debar'ci their Accefs to the Tree of Life, till the Perfan Ggnifi.ed by that Tree fhould appear again, ia the Seed o/ the Woman, to mediate for them \vith GOD, and thereby refiore them to that Life which they had forfeited. 
BuT alas! noá fooner were thefe People got f.áom under tl.e Tuition of their Progenitors, than their Hopes of the Redemption were loll:, and they began to addrefs them(elves to GOD by the Heavenly Bo.dies, or One of that Order, as the promifed J\lfediator between GOD and them; fince this was, by, almofl:, the unanimous Conferit of the Learned, the firll: Species of Idolatry Men formed to themfdves; and thefe People were undoubtedly the firfi Idolators: For before the Flood neither the Mofaic Hij}ory, nor the Meaning of the proper Names therein, do give us the leaft Idea of this enormous Crime; but on the contrary, every Circumfl:ance in that Hij}ory contributes to fhew us that the great Offence which Men then committed, to bring on the Deluge, was thcir UNI'l'JNG together, after GOD had feparaK->ct Cain fro1n the Re!l: of Mankind for the tvfurder of his Brother Abel, and had laid upon him the heavy Curfe, that when 
he tilled the Ground it Jbould noc yield its Strength to him, for that 
barbarous, and inhuman Action; 
THI:: Neceffity of a Mediator between GOD and Man, fays the Learned Dean Prideaux (f), was a general Notion, which obtained among all Mankind from the Beginning. And their Notion of the Sun, Moon, and Stars, being, That they were the Tabernacles, or Habitations of Intelligences, which animated thofc Orbs, in the fame Manner as the Soul of Man animates his Body, and wc;re the Caufes of all their Motions; and that thefe Intelligences were of a middle Nature between GOD and them, they thought thefe the properef.l:Beings to become Mediators between GOD and them. And there.fore the Planets being the nearefi: to them of all thefe Heavenly Bodies, and generally looked on to have the greatefi Influence on this vVorld, they made Choice of them in the firfl: Place for their G O D S-Mediators, who were to mediate for them with the Supreme GOD, and procur. from Him the 1'Iercies and Favours which they prayed for) and acc<?rdingly they direckd Divine ,vor.lhij> unto them as fuch. And here began all the ldolatJy that hatb been pra[/i/d in the World. They firfi Worfhippcd them per Sacella, 
(
d) Gen. xi. i. apply this to our Bl,!fec! Saviour, emphatically lliled 

(
e) The Right Rev. Doao, ShrrlÇk in his Third here the Sted ¥f 1h, W¥man, c,,,. iii. 1 .-, tlif(onrfe of l"1oph.y, tells QS, TJ1.t Chriftian Wri:crs {f) C.n. Part ,. lib. 3. 


that 
20 7he O_rigi1J of Buildi11g: Or, The Book I. 
that. is, by their Tabernacles> and afterwards by Images alfo. -By thefe Sacella, or Tr1bernacles, they meant the Orbs themfelvcs> which they looked on only as the Sacella, or Sacred Tabernacles, in which the Intelligences had their Habitations. And therefore wben they paid their Devotions to any one of them, they directed their Worlhip towards the Planet, in which they fuppofcd he dwelt. But thcfe Orbs by their Ri!ing and Setting, being as much under the Horizon as above, they were at a Lois how to addrcfs to them in their Abfence. To remedy this, they had Rccourfe to the Invention of Images, in which, after their Confecration, they thought thefe Intelligences, or inferiour Deities, to be as much prefent by their Influence as in the Planets themfelves, and that all Addrettes to them were made as cffccrually before the one, as before the other. And this was the beginning of Image-Worjhip among them. This Religion firft began among the Cbaldeam, which their Knowledge in AsTRONOMY helped to lead them to; the Profdfors of it had the Name of Sabians, and the Remainder of this Sect, which ftill fub.fill:s in the Eafl:, pretend to have had their Name from Sabius, a Son of Seth. Thefe Sabians in the confccrating of their Images, adds our Author, ufcd many lNcANTA'fIONS to draw down into them from the Stars thofc Intelligences, for whom they erected them, whofc Pow<."t' and Influence, they held, did afterwards dwell in them. 
LET us now Return to the 111ofaic. Hij}ory, and if we firictlyexamine into what the People did when they got into the Land of Shi.nar, it will manifelHy appear that they not only addrefs'd themfelves to the Hofl: of I-leaven, but came to a Refolution to raifc a Town and to confecrate it unto Them. There they likewife refolved to build themfelvcs a City; and there they determined to live together in one united Body, the Land for Fertility being a fecond Garden of Eden
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